TRANSPORT

MECHANISM

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
WHAT IS CELL
TRANSPORT?
CELL
TRANSPORT
The movement of substances
across cell membrane

A membrane that is selectively

permeable, or semipermeable,
has control over what molecules
or ions can enter or leave the cell.
TYPES OF CELL
TRANSPORT
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
From High concentration to Low Concentration
Does not require an expenditure of energy

TYPES:

1. SIMPLE DIFFUSION
2. OSMOSIS
3. FACILITATED DIFFUSION
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
movement of small or lipophilic molecules through the membrane
OSMOSIS
movement of water molecules through the membrane
OSMOSIS
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
movement of large or charged molecules via channel proteins that
facilitate the transport
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Involves the movement of materials against a concentration gradient
(low concentration to high concentration)

Requires an expenditure of energy (e.g. ATP hydrolysis)

TYPES:
1. CARRIER PROTEINS/PROTEIN PUMPS
2. BULK TRANSPORT
a. ENDOCYTOSIS
b. EXOCYTOSIS
CARRIER PROTEINS OR PROTEIN PUMPS
An important membrane adaption for active transport is the presence of
specific carrier proteins or pumps to facilitate active transport.
SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP
BULK TRANSPORT
The movement of macromolecules such as proteins or polysaccharides
into or out of the cell.
ENDOCYTOSIS

A cellular mechanism where a cell internalizes substances from the external

environment
EXOCYTOSIS

A process that is used to transport materials from inside the cell to the external
part of the cell using energy.