Research on Low-Speed and Large-Thrust Linear
Motor Used in Electromagnetic Transporting
ZHENG Wei SUN Zhao-long
School of Electrical Engineering School of Electrical Engineering
Naval University of Engineering Naval University of Engineering
Wuhan, China Wuhan, China
zzww0438@yeah.net bruceszl@126.com
QIAN Han-ning ZHOU Wei-chang
School of Electrical Engineering School of Electrical Engineering
Naval University of Engineering Naval University of Engineering
2021 13th International Symposium on Linear Drives for Industry Applications (LDIA) | 978-1-7281-7210-1/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/LDIA49489.2021.9505728
Wuhan, China Wuhan, China
charlie_qian@foxmail.com 1758414657@qq.com
Abstract—In order to meet the rapid transportation of
modern ton-level flammable and explosive materials such as oil,
there is an increasing demand for the development of
electromagnetic transportation systems. For the
electromagnetic transportation systems, the linear motor is its
core component, which not only requires high thrust density,
but also maintains a stable speed during operation, and requires
in-depth consideration of electromagnetic compatibility and
reliability. In order to ensure the normal operation of the
transportation system, according to the actual operating
environment and needs, the optimal selection of the motor type
is an important factor in determining the performance of the
system. In this paper two linear induction motors based on the
working conditions that meet the requirements of rapid
material transportation are designed by using the magnetic
circuit method, namely a bilateral long primary linear induction
motor and a bilateral permanent magnet linear synchronous
motor. Using the finite element method to compare and analyze
the electromagnetic thrust, power factor, efficiency and other
performances of the two types of motors in detail. As a result,
both motors can better meet the design requirements of the
electromagnetic transportation system and have good
application prospects. The optimal selection can be made
according to the adaptability of the actual application
environment, which provides technical support for the optimal
design of the electromagnetic transportation system.
Keywords—electromagnetic transporting, low-speed and
large-thrust linear motor, finite element method, electromagnetic
performance
I. INTRODUCTION
Compared with rotating motors, linear motors have the
following advantages: No intermediate conversion
mechanism is required, which greatly simplifies the structure.
Speed is not limited. The environmental requirements are
relatively low [1]. Under the same conditions, the output force
per unit volume is large [2], which can also save space. Its loss
is relatively small, because it does not require conversion
equipment and has good heat dissipation performance. Due to
the superior performance of linear motors, its application
range is becoming wider and wider. Nowadays, linear
reciprocating motions with speeds below 1m/s and thrusts
above 5kN are widely used, such as the feed of heavy-duty
machine tools, reciprocating plunger pumps, train car
marshalling, elevators, cargo lifting, and electromagnetic
transportation. For example, in a three-dimensional garage, a
linear motor is used to directly drive the car board, and the
978-1-7281-7210-1/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE
Authorized licensed use limited to: The University of Toronto. Downloaded on October 28,2022 at 08:11:49 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
CUI Feng-rui
School of Electrical Engineering
Naval University of Engineering
Wuhan, China
fengrui_cui@foxmail.com
transmission of chains and ropes is eliminated. The structure
is simple, and its control accuracy and driving speed are
greatly improved [3]. At present, domestic research on this
type of linear motor is still in its infancy. Many developed
countries such as the United States, Germany, France, Britain,
and Japan have conducted more related theoretical and
experimental studies. As linear motors have become a
research hotspot again, it is very necessary to carry out
research on new linear motors.
The large-thrust linear induction motor (LIM) has a wide
range of applications. The Beijing Capital Airport Line and
Guangzhou Metro Line 4 [4], Line 5, and Line 6 all use large-
thrust LIM as the main drive part. In the field of
electromagnetic launch, the high-thrust LIM is used as the
main device of the launching mechanism. References [5-12]
carried out the research of high-speed and high-thrust LIM for
electromagnetic ejection applications, so that the motor can
adapt to high-speed working conditions mainly through
structural design and optimization to weaken the edge effect
of linear induction motors. However, the linear induction
motor itself has the disadvantages of low efficiency and low
power factor, which also limits its development.
With the decrease in the cost of permanent magnets,
permanent magnet linear synchronous motors (PMLSM) with
large thrust have also been promoted. At the same time,
permanent magnet linear motors have many characteristics
such as high thrust density, fast response, high efficiency and
power factor, and more controllable to make it more favored
in the linear motor market, and many famous international
companies have also begun to produce large-thrust permanent
magnet linear synchronous motors [13]. In the field of vertical
lifting, PMLSM is used as a driving source, and it can be
widely used in high-rise building elevators and mine hoists by
taking advantage of its simple structure, good dynamic
characteristics, high energy index, and high thrust density. The
vertical lifting system it drives has significant advantages such
as good safety, high efficiency, large lifting capacity,
adaptation to harsh environments, and the simultaneous
operation of multiple cars (cages) [14]. References [15-16]
proposed a bilateral magnetic flux switching type high thrust
PMLSM, considering the edge effect on the inductance and
reluctance thrust components, the thrust characteristics were
studied, and a method to reduce the thrust fluctuation was
proposed. References [17-18] studied the matching of the
number of slot poles of the fractional slot winding of PMLSM,
and proposed a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor
with an inverted U-shaped mover structure. Its structure can
further improve the thrust performance of the motor and
reduce the motor's thrust fluctuations. Reference [19]
proposes a Transverse Flux Machine (TFM), which breaks the
limitation that the number of pole pairs distributed in the
armature winding of the traditional motor must be equal to the
number of pole pairs of the excitation permanent magnet, and
integrates the advantages of the high thrust density of the
transverse flux machine and the load for linear motion directly
driven by the linear motor, which is very suitable for the
application in the field of low-speed linear direct drive.
At present, the high-thrust linear motors for
electromagnetic transporting has been extensively studied at
home and abroad, but its research background is mainly
concentrated in the environment of high-speed and high-
thrust, the research for motors with speeds below 1m/s and
thrusts above 5kN is still in its infancy, and there are few
studies on the transportation of flammable and explosive fuels.
Therefore, the research on low-speed and high-thrust linear
motors for the transportation of flammable and explosive
materials is very necessary.
In this paper, the selection design and performance
comparison analysis of two different types of linear motors are
carried out. The use of a long primary structure makes it easier
to design the shielding layer of the primary. For a linear motor
with a fixed primary, it can effectively solve the
electromagnetic compatibility problem, so that the safety of
transporting flammable and explosive objects is guaranteed.
First, according to the transportation conditions and actual
market demand, two different types of linear motors, low-
speed high-thrust LIM and low-speed high-thrust PMLSM,
are designed respectively. The design parameters were used to
establish finite element models respectively, and the motor
characteristics such as the air gap flux density, back EMF,
electromagnetic thrust, efficiency and power factor of the two
motors were analyzed. Finally, the performance of LIM and
PMLSM was compared, and the advantages and
disadvantages of the two motors under their application
environment were obtained, which laid the foundation for the
future development of this type of motor.
II. LINEAR MOTOR DESIGN
A. Motor Input Conditions
The actual demand designed in this paper is to require the
linear motor to transport 25 tons of flammable and explosive
goods for 50 meters within 4 minutes. The rated operating
conditions of the motor are shown in Table 1. Since the
designed motor is used for the transportation of flammable and
explosive materials such as tons of oil, the traditional linear
TABLE I. THE MOTOR RATED WORKING CONDITION
Parameter Number value
Quality of goods (including motor mover)
25000
M/kg
Operation hours t/min 4 current effective value I when the motor is at the maximum
Stroke S/m 50
Motor power P/kW 2.1
Motor rated thrust F/kN 5
Motor rated operating speed v /m/s 0.42
Authorized licensed use limited to: The University of Toronto. Downloaded on October 28,2022 at 08:11:49 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Y
X
Z
Fig. 1.Linear lnduction motor
motor with short primary structure is difficult to carry out
electromagnetic shielding design, which may cause problems
such as oil explosion. However, long primary bilateral linear
motor, because of its fixed primary, is easy to develop
electromagnetic shielding design, so the motor types designed
below all adopt long primary double-sided type.
B. Preliminary Design of Linear Induction Motor
LIM uses a long primary bilateral structure, as shown in
Fig. 1. The long primary double-sided winding composed of
the armature winding and the iron core is designed as a stator.
The windings are connected in parallel and pass three-phase
symmetrical alternating current. Considering the lower speed
of movement, a mover composed of copper plates and back
iron is designed between the double-sided stators.
According to the rated working conditions of the motor
and the motor design method of the magnetic circuit method,
the motor is initially designed. The motor has a bilateral
structure, and the effective magnetic circuit of the motor is
designed as a bilateral symmetrical magnetic circuit in the
design. The bilateral primary and secondary form two
magnetic circuits. Therefore, in the design process of the
motor, the thrust force of F=2.5kN can be generated on the
unilateral basis, and the influence of the normal force can be
eliminated by adopting this structure. For general unilateral
linear induction motors, the main dimensions of the motor
meet the following relationships:
√2(1-ξL )F
L1 W= (1)
Kdp1 Bδ1 Aη cos φ
In the equation, L1 is the secondary length; W is the width
of the motor; (1-ξL ) is the voltage drop coefficient, which may
be 0.86; Kdp1 is the winding coefficient, which may be 0.933;
Bδ1 is the magnetic load, which may be 0.35; A is the unilateral
electric load, which may be 53000A/m. It can be assumed that
the motor thrust F=2.7kN. Taking the product of efficiency
and power factor η cos φ as 0.28, we can get:
L1 W=0.684m2 (2)
Set the motor width W=0.3m, then the single stator length
L1=2.28m; prefetch the motor pole pair number p=10, then the
motor pole pitch t=0.114m; prefetch the motor slip s=0.2, then
the motor frequency f=2.3Hz. Prefetch the number of slots per
pole per phase q=2, then the slot pitch b=19mm; prefetch
motor slot width and slot pitch ratio is 1:2, then the slot width
b0=9.5mm.
Select the pitch = τ = 95mm and the corresponding
thrust is:
= (3)
η φ
Therefore, the number of series turns per phase of the
winding N is:
= = 3240
×
(4)
 Select the motor as double winding, the number of First, according to (1), the motor width and single-segment
conductors per slot N1: electronic length of the permanent magnet linear synchronous
motor are calculated, where +1 , ξ - = 0.9 , /0 = 0.8 T ,
=2× = 162
!"
(5) A=20000A/m, the preset iron core stacking coefficient:
Take the slot full rate S=0.5, the current density 4lam = 0.95 , the product of efficiency and power factor
J=3.5A/mm2, then the slot depth: η cos φ is 0.81, W=0.28m, the other preset values are the same

ℎ% = = 60mm
&
as those of the linear induction motor, then the single-stage
'()*
(6) stator length is calculated to be L1=1m; the number of preset
After calculation, the design parameters of the linear motor pole pairs: p=6, then the motor frequency: f=2.52Hz.
induction motor shown in Table 2 can be obtained. Magnetic flux per pole of PMLSM ϕδ :

ϕδ = /δ :
;4lam = 0.00169 Wb
C. Preliminary Design of Permanent Magnet Linear
!
Synchronous Motor (7)
π
The permanent magnet linear synchronous motor adopts It is proposed to use N38 grade permanent magnet,
the bilateral moving magnet type (the part where the remanence: Br =1.23 T, coercivity: Hc =910 kA/m.
permanent magnet is installed is the mover) structure. The PMLSM permanent magnet thickness ℎmp :
specific structure is shown in Fig. 2.
*
AB × ℎmp = /δ
μ

?ℎmp@ δ
The main body of the motor structure is the double-sided
ℎmp = 47 mm
(8)
stator of the motor with double-layer windings, and a moving
magnet type mover is placed on both sides of the stator. The PMLSM permanent magnet cross-sectional area Am :
mover (built-in type) uses DW310 silicon steel sheet as the
connection bracket and the magnetic circuit. Inside the silicon DE = = 0.009 m
ϕδ
FG
(9)
PMLSM permanent magnet width Hmp :
steel sheet are permanent magnets with alternating N and S
′
poles. The structure of the mover is shown in Fig. 3.
TABLE Ⅱ. LIM DESIGN PARAMETERS Hmp
′
= = 32 mm
I
(10)
Parameter Number value
Due to the bilateral structure, according to the principle of
Single stator length L 1 /mm 2280
symmetry of the magnetic circuit, the width of the permanent
Stator height H 1 /mm 90
Stator stack thickness W/mm 300 magnet bmp ：

Hmp = 2Hmp = 64 mm
Number of single stator slots Q 1 120 ′
Number of pole pairs p 10 (11)
Tooth pitch t 1 /mm 19 After calculation, the design parameters of the permanent
Tooth width b t /mm 9.5 magnet linear synchronous motor shown in Table 3 can be
Slot width b 0 /mm 9.5 obtained.
Slot depth h 0 /mm 60
Number of conductors per slot Z 1 162 TABLE Ⅲ. PMLSM DESIGN PARAMETERS
Mover length L 2 /mm 2280 Parameter Number value
Thickness of unilateral copper plate of
3 Single stator length L 1 /mm 1000
mover H 2 /mm
Stator height H 1 /mm 50.5
Back iron thickness of mover H3 /mm 20
Stator stack thickness W/mm 280
Unilateral air gap length δ/mm 2
Number of single stator slots Q 1 72
Number of pole pairs p 6
Tooth pitch t 1 /mm 14
Tooth width b t /mm 6
Slot width b 0 /mm 8
Fig. 2. Permanent magnet linear synchronous motor Slot depth h 0 /mm 41
Number of conductors per slot Z 1 60
Mover length L 2 /mm 2280
Permanent magnet length b mp /mm 64
Permanent magnet height h mp /mm 32
Magnetic isolation Bridge thickness
3
l 1 /mm
Unilateral air gap length δ/mm 10

III. MOTOR FINITE ELEMENT MODEL AND PERFORMANCE

Fig. 3. PMLSM mover
According to the motor design input requirements, the size
of the permanent magnet linear motor is calculated. Since the
permanent magnet linear synchronous motor is designed, it
will be different from some preset values in the linear
induction motor design process. The size of the permanent
magnet is calculated, and the specific process is as follows:
ANALYSIS
A. Finite Element Model of Linear Induction Motor
According to the structural characteristics of the linear
induction motor, combined with the electromagnetic design
parameters of the motor, the winding shape is simplified while
the cross-sectional area of the winding wire and the coil
resistance are unchanged, and the finite element analysis
model of the motor is established. The air gap between the
unilateral mover and the motor stator is 2mm, and the length
of the motor stack thickness direction is 300mm.

Authorized licensed use limited to: The University of Toronto. Downloaded on October 28,2022 at 08:11:49 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Regarding the choice of linear motor materials, DW310 is
used for the iron core silicon steel sheet of the motor stator and
secondary, the stator armature winding is copper rectangular
wire, and the mover uses copper plates and back iron in the
model. In order to simplify the analysis process, the change of
the magnetic field in the direction of the stator stack thickness
Fig. 6. LIM magnetic line of force
is ignored, and the distribution of the motor magnetic field is
equivalent to a two-dimensional field to solve the calculation.
The finite element model is shown in Fig. 4:
B. The Finite Element Model of Permanent Magnet Linear
Synchronous Motor
According to the structural characteristics of the
permanent magnet linear synchronous motor, combined with
the electromagnetic design parameters of the motor, a finite
element analysis model of the electromagnetic field is
Fig. 7. LIM magnetic field
established. The air gap between the unilateral mover and the
motor stator is 10mm, and the length of the motor in the stack
thickness direction is 280mm.
The iron core silicon steel sheet of the motor stator and
secondary is DW310, the stator armature winding is copper
rectangular wire, and the permanent magnet of the mover is
made of rare earth permanent magnet neodymium iron boron
(NdFeB), the grade is N38. The finite element model is shown
in Fig. 5.

Fig. 8. LIM back EMF

Fig. 4. Linear induction motor

Fig. 5. Permanent magnet linear synchronous motor

C. Analysis of Electromagnetic Performance of Linear

Induction Motor
In the linear induction motor designed in this paper, the
three-phase winding is fed with a three-phase alternating Fig. 9. LIM air gap flux density
current with an effective value of 6.2A and a frequency of
2.3Hz. The load performance is analyzed: From the motor
magnetic field distribution, the designed linear induction
motor has a uniform magnetic field line distribution and
magnetic leakage. Under the rated operating conditions, the
iron core saturation is low and the operating conditions are
good, as shown in Fig. 6-7.
Under load, the amplitude of the back EMF of the three-
phase winding is 256V, and the three opposite electric
potentials are symmetrically distributed and have a high sine
degree, as shown in Fig. 8. Fig. 10. LIM air gap flux density by FFT
The load air gap magnetic density has a high sine degree, 5

the fundamental wave amplitude accounts for 47%, and the

4.9
other harmonics account for a relatively low proportion. The
air gap magnetic density amplitude is 0.3T, the thrust is stable, 4.8
and the thrust fluctuation is 3.7%. The average value is
4.92kN, as shown in Fig. 9-11. 4.7

4.6

4.5
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Times(s)
Fig. 11. LIM air gap thrust curve

Authorized licensed use limited to: The University of Toronto. Downloaded on October 28,2022 at 08:11:49 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
D. Analysis of Electromagnetic Performance of Permanent
Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor

Air gap flux density(T)

For a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor, it is
necessary to analyze the no-load performance and load
performance of the motor. First, its no-load performance is
analyzed. When the motor winding is not supplied with
current and its mover moves at the synchronous speed, the no-
load motor performance can be obtained, as shown in Fig. 12-
14.

Fig. 15. PMLSM air gap flux density

0.035

0.03

0.025

0.02

0.015

0.01

0.005

0
Fig. 12. PMLSM positioning force 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Fig. 16. PMLSM air gap flux density by FFT

Fig. 13. PMLSM magnetic line of force under no load

Fig. 17. PMLSM magnetic field

5.3

5.2

5.1

Fig. 14. PMLSM back EMF 5

Combining the analysis of the magnetic field lines
obtained by the above simulation with the magnetic density
distribution, it can be seen that without considering the end
distortion, the magnetic field lines of the motor start from a
permanent magnet, flow through the stator core teeth, are
disconnected in the center of the core yoke, are connected with
the adjacent magnetic circuit and returned to the permanent
magnet to form two parallel magnetic circuits. To prove the
rationality of the design of the mover structure, it can be seen
from the simulation results that the no-load positioning force
of the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor designed
in this paper is up to 43.5735N, which is very small compared
to the load thrust. The amplitude of the no-load back EMF is
264V, and the three-phase opposite electric potentials are
symmetrically distributed and have a high sine degree.
The permanent magnet linear synchronous motor designed
in this paper uses a three-phase sinusoidal constant frequency
current as the excitation source. The effective value of the
current is 2.08A and the rated frequency is 2.52Hz. Through
finite element simulation, the simulation results shown in Fig.
15-18 are obtained.
4.9
4.8
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Times(ms)
Fig. 18. PMLSM air gap thrust curve
The load air gap magnetic density is high in sine, its
amplitude is 0.8T, the fundamental wave amplitude accounts
for 43%, the thrust is stable, the thrust fluctuation is 4.8%, and
the average thrust is 5.25kN.
IV. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MOTOR PERFORMANCE
According to the finite element calculation results and the
characteristics of the two motors, their performance is
analyzed, as shown in Table 4:
It can be seen from the comparison results under the same
design input conditions, the permanent magnet linear motor
has a higher thrust density, a smaller current required, and a
relatively high-power factor and efficiency. However, because
its mover structure is a permanent magnet, there is risk of
demagnetization, so the reliability is lower than that of
induction motors. Linear induction motors have lower back
EMF, smaller thrust fluctuations, and more stable operation,
which is more conducive to the smooth control of the motor.

Authorized licensed use limited to: The University of Toronto. Downloaded on October 28,2022 at 08:11:49 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 V. CONCLUSION [3] Cao Ruiwu, Su Enchao, Zhang Xue. Research on Secondary
Segmented Linear Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Motor for Rail
This article uses the magnetic circuit method to design a Transit [J]. Journal of Electrotechnical Technology. 2020, 35(5): 1001-
linear induction motor and a permanent magnet linear motor 1012.
for low-speed and high-thrust electromagnetic transporting, [4] Lu Junyong, Ma Weiming, Li Langru. Research on Longitudinal End
and conducts a finite element analysis of their electromagnetic Effect of High Speed Long Primary Linear Induction Motor [J].
Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering. 2008, 28(30): 73-78.
performance. According to the finite element results, the two
motors designed have low saturation and stable [5] Lu Junyong, Ma Weiming, Xu jin. Modeling and Simulation of High
Speed Long Stator Linear Induction Motor [J]. Chinese Society for
electromagnetic thrust. By comparing the advantages and Electrical Engineering. 2008, 28(27): 89-94.
disadvantages of the two motors, the following conclusions [6] Zhang Cheng. Preliminary study on pulse induction high-speed traction
can be drawn. system [D]. Chengdu: Master Thesis of Southwest Jiaotong University.
2011.
The low-speed and high-thrust linear motor that meets the
[7] Xu Wei, Wang Xudong, Yuan Shiying. Research on performance of
requirements can be well designed through the improved high-power unilateral linear induction motor for traffic traction [J].
linear motor design formula. Journal of Electrical Engineering and Control. 2008,12(4): 396-402.
[8] Lu Junyong, Ma Weiming, Zhang Yuxing. The effect of secondary
TABLE Ⅳ. PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF MOTORS edge leakage inductance on the performance of high-speed linear
Electric machine LIM PMLSM induction motors [J]. Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering. 2010,
Counter electromotive force /V 182 193 30(15): 53-57.
Average thrust /kN 4.92 5.25 [9] Lv Ling. Research on electromagnetic calculation and design of high-
Thrust fluctuation /% 3.7 4.8 power linear induction motor [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of
Drive current /A 6.2 2.08 Science and Technology, 2007.
Back EMF /V 256 264 [10] Nie Shixiong, Sun Zhaolong, Ma Mingwei. Research on Thrust
Loss /W 567 199 Pulsation of High-power Linear Induction Motor [J]. Journal of
Efficiency /% 73 91 Electrical Engineering and Control. 2015, 19(5): 1-6.
Power factor 0.6 0.8 [11] Zhu Yingwei. Research on Multi-pole Electromagnetic Propulsion
Linear induction motor has stable thrust, simple design Mode and System Design [D]. Chengdu: Doctor Thesis of Southwest
Jiaotong University, 2011.
and high reliability. However, its power factor and efficiency
[12] Mu Haihua, et al. Calibration and compensation of cogging effect in a
are low compared to permanent magnet linear synchronous permanent magnet linear motor. Mechatronics, 2009, 19(4): 577-585.
motors. [13] Xu Xiaozhu, Sun Zhen, Wang Xudong, Feng Haichao, Du Baoyu.
The design of permanent magnet linear synchronous Characteristic Analysis of Alternating Pole Permanent Magnet Linear
Synchronous Motor [J]. Journal of Electrotechnical Technology, 2019,
motor is relatively complicated, but the design of magnetic 34(9): 1825-1833.
isolation bridge and built-in permanent magnet can improve [14] Huang Lei, Yu Haitao, Hu Mingqiang, et al. Characteristics of fault-
the electromagnetic performance of the motor and make its tolerant primary permanent magnet linear motor for electromagnetic
thrust more stable. However, in permanent magnet motors, ejection [J]. Journal of Electrotechnical Technology, 2012, 27(3): 119-
there is a risk of demagnetization of permanent magnet 127.
materials, and its reliability is lower than that of linear [15] Huang Lei, Hu Minqiang, Liu Jing, et al. Analysis and suppression of
induction motors. thrust fluctuation of permanent magnet linear motor with bilateral long
primary magnetic flux switching [J]. Journal of Electrotechnical
In the future, according to the actual operating Technology，2014，29（11）：10-19.
environment and index requirements, the motor will be further [16] Lu Qinfen, Cheng Chuanying, Ye Yunyue, et al. Research on the
optimized and designed, the redundancy performance and Coordination of Slot Number of Per-pole Fractional Slot Permanent
Magnet Linear Motor [J]. Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering,
electromagnetic compatibility performance will be studied in 2012, 32(36): 68-74.
depth, and the performance verification will be carried out by [17] Lu Qinfen, Zhang Xinmin, Huang Liren, et al. Optimal Design of
building the principle prototype experimental platform. Staggered Bilateral Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor [J].
Journal of Electrotechnical Technology, 2013, 28(11): 35-41.
REFERENCES [18] ]Luo Jun, Kou Baoquan, Yang Xiaobao. Optimization and Design of
[1] Chung S U, Kim J M, "Double-Sided Iron-Core PMLSM Mover Teeth Double Alternating Pole Transverse Flux Linear Motor [J]. Journal of
Arrangement Design for Reduction of Detent Force and Speed Ripple," Electrotechnical Technology, 2020, 35(5): 991-1000.
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2016, 63(5):3000-3008. [19] M. Young, The Technical Writer’s Handbook. Mill Valley, CA:
[2] Ye Yunyue. Urban traffic and the application of novel motor drive University Science, 1989.
technology [J]. Motor and control applications. 2012, 39(5): 1-5.

Authorized licensed use limited to: The University of Toronto. Downloaded on October 28,2022 at 08:11:49 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.