Conditional (Pengandaian)

1. Type I (Future Possible Action) This is for the future (50 : 50 for the possibility) Pattern : If S.
Present, future e.g : If he graduates from highschool (If clause → S. Present), he will continue
to study in Japan (main clause → future)

Inversion Without if : Should + S + Vinf e.g : Should he graduate from highschool, he will
continue to study in Japan

If he doesn’t invite us, we will get angry with him Inversion / without if : Should he not invite
us, we will get angry with him Unless : Unless he invites us, we will get angry with him
Otherwise : He must invite us otherwise we will get angry with him If you don’t study hard,
you will not do the test easily (Study hard, otherwise you will not do the test easily)

2. Type II (Present Unreal) The fact is in present tense Pattern : If S. Past, S + Would + V1 e.g :

 He loves the girl so he gives her a bunch of flower (fact) (If he didn’t love the girl, he
wouldn’t give her a bunch of flower)
 She is very rich so she can buy a lamborghini (If she were not very rich, she couldn’t
buy a lamborghini)

Verb : Were + S + to inf ➢ If I drank a cup of coffee, I wouldn’t be sleepy (Were I to drink a
cup of coffee)

 Were he not to love the girl, he wouldn’t give her a bunch of flower Unless : Unless
he loved the girl, he wouldn’t give her a bunch of flower Otherwise : He loves the girl
otherwise he wouldn’t give her a bunch of flower

Non Verb : Were + S + adj / noun phrase / etc

 Were she not very rich, she couldn’t buy a lamborghini Unless : Unless she were very
rich, she couldn’t buy a lamborghini Otherwise : She is very rich otherwise she
couldn’t buy a lamborghini

3. Type III (Past Unreal) The fact in the past Pattern : If Past Perfect (had + V3), S + would +
have + V3 e.g :

 Last night, he got a headache so he didn’t do his homework (If he hadn’t got/ gotten
a headache, he would have done his homework)

 He had a headche so he didn’t do his homework (If he hadn’t had a headache, he

would have done his homework) Inversion Had + S + V3

Inversion : Had he got a headache,

so he didn’t do his homework
Unless : Unless he had got a headache, he would have done his homework
Otherwise : He got a headache otherwise he would have done his homework