SHAMPOO

Household Blue Red pH Bromothymol phenolphthalei Plant

product litmus litmus paper blue n Indicator
paper paper

Shampoo Violet Red Yellow Yellow No Reaction Pink

Green

 Is it an acid or base? 
 Blue litmus paper
Base - Litmus paper is a typical tool used to determine if something is acidic or basic. The most
common sort of litmus paper is yellow, and it turns red when something is acidic and blue when
it is basic.
 Red litmus paper
Acid - Red litmus includes a little amount of diprotic acid. The hydrogen ions react with the
added base when exposed to a basic substance. Because the conjugate base generated from
litmus acid is blue, moist red litmus paper turns blue in alkaline solution.

 pH paper
Base - A strip of paper that has been chemically treated with the color litmus. This strip is
immersed in the liquid whose pH is being measured.

 Bromothymol Blue
Acid - Bromthymol blue is an acid with a low pH. Depending on the pH of the solution, it might
be acidic or basic. In acidic solutions, this reagent is yellow, blue in basic solutions, and green in
neutral solutions. A pH sensitive dye used as an indicator in a variety of scientific processes.

 Phenolphthalein
Acid - Phenolphthalein is a colorless, weak acid that dissolves in water to create pink anions.

 Plant Indicator (red cabbage)

Acid/Base - Acids and bases can change the color of substances called acid-base indicators. Red
cabbage contains a chemical called anthocyanin. This pigment is a natural acid-base indicator.

 Study or theory about its result (make the different indicators as your basis). For
example, give a theory why it became an acid or base, why it turns red or blue, and
why it has no reaction, etc. 
According to chem.libretexts.org the most frequent way to determine the pH of a solution is to
use an acid base indicator. An indicator is a big organic molecule that functions similarly to a
"color dye." While most dyes do not change color depending on the quantity of acid or base
present, there are a number of compounds known as acid-base indicators that do respond to
changes in hydrogen ion concentration. The majority of the markers are weak acids. The most
common indicator is found on "litmus" paper. It is red below pH 4.5 and blue above pH 8.2.
Color - Blue Litmus - Red Litmus
Acid - turns red - stays same
Base - stays same - turns blue

Other commercial pH papers can provide colors for each primary pH unit. The Universal
Indicator, which is a blend of indications, may also offer a whole spectrum of pH scale colors. At
different pH levels, a number of indicators change color. A well-chosen acid-base indicator can
be used to visually "signal" a sample's approximate pH. An indicator is often a weak organic acid
or base dye that changes color at specific pH levels. The weak acid form (HIn) will be one hue,
while the weak acid negative ion (In-) will be another. HIn H+ + In- is the weak acid
equilibrium. For phenolphthalein: pH 8.2 = colorless; pH 10 = red, and for bromophenol blue:
pH 3 = yellow; pH 4.6 = blue. In basic solution, the molecule loses one hydrogen ion. Almost
instantly, the five-sided ring in the center opens and the electronic structure around the center
carbon changes (yellow circled atoms) to a double bond which now does contain pi electrons.
The pi electrons are no longer confined separately to the three benzene rings, but because of the
change in geometry around the yellow circled atoms, the whole molecule is now flat and
electrons are free to move within the entire molecule. The result of all of these changes is the
change in color to pink. Chime: Phenolphthalein

Many other indicators behave on the molecular level in a similar fashion (the details may be
different) but the result is a change in electronic structure along with the removal of a hydrogen
ion from the molecule. Plant pigments in flowers and leaves also behave in this fashion.

Swedish Svante Arrhenius, in 1884 proposed the concept of acid and base based on the theory of
ionization. According to Arrhenius, the acids are the hydrogen-containing compounds which
give H+ ions or protons on dissociation in water and bases are the hydroxide compounds which
give OH− ions on dissociation in water.

 Reference/s: 

(2020, August 16). Acid and Base Indicators [Review of Acid and Base Indicators].

Chem.libretexts.org; LibreTexts Chemistry.

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/

Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Acids_and_Bases/

Acid_and_Base_Indicators/Acid_and_Base_Indicators

Munjal, S. (2020, October 21). The Arrhenius Acid and Base Theory (A. Singh, Ed.) [Review

of The Arrhenius Acid and Base Theory]. Intechopen; Shikha Munjal and Aakash Singh.

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/68236