PILE CAPACITY

Design Stipulations

1. As bridge is in river bed the worst design condition is that soil is saturated up to
ground level during and post monsoon season.
2. For considering wall resistance buoyant weight of soil has been taken.
3. For calculating end resistance buoyant over burden has been taken and net bearing
capacity of soil has been limited to 15 T / m². Gross safe bearing capacity has
been worked out by adding buoyant weight of over burden.
4. Safe bearing capacity for 16 m depth under saturated conditions is 25.84 T/ m²
and that for 20m depth is 28.56 T/ m² and for 22m depth is 29.92 T/m2.
5. Static formula has been used to work out pile capacity i.e. Gross pile capacity =
Total skin resistance + Total end resistance
6. Pile dia is taken as 1.2 m and its capacity has been worked out for 16m depth and
20 m depth and 22 m depth.

DESIGN

Piles in cohesion less submerged soil.

Design Data

S.No. Depth m Segment K Tan ɸ Bearing

Depth m capacity at
Toe
1 1.8 to 17.8 16 m 1 0.51 25.84 T/ m2

2 17.8 – 21.8 4m 1 0.53 28.56 T / m²

3 21.8-23.8 2m 1 0.55 29.92 T / m²

 PILE CAPACITY

Sr No. Description Segment Average Skin Friction Ton

length m P-T / m²

1 Skin Friction 16 6.64 204.26

2 Skin Friction 4 13.42 107.25

3 Skin Friction 2 15.46 64.11

4 Total skin friction up to 204.26

16 m segment depth

5 Total skin friction up to 311.51

20 m segment depth

6 Total skin friction up to 375.62

22 m segment depth

7 Toe resistance at 16 m 25.84

8 Toe resistance at 20 m 28.56

9 Toe resistance at 22 m 29.92

10 Total resistance of 16 m 230.1

deep pile

11 Pile capacity for 16 m 92.04 say 92

deep pile at factor of
safety equal to 2.5

12 Total resistance of 20 m 340.07

deep pipe

13 Pile capacity for 20 m 136.02 say 136

deep pile at factor of
safety equal to 2.5

Total resistance of 22 m 405.54

deep pipe

Pile capacity for 22 m 162.21 say 162

deep pile at factor of
safety equal to 2.5
 Recommended pile capacity

1. Recommended Pile capacity for 16 m deep pile -90 T

2. Recommended Pile capacity for 20 m deep pile -135 T

3. Recommended Pile capacity for 22m deep pile -160 T

NOTE- Pile capacity has been arrived at as per procedure given in IS 2911
part 1 Sec 2 however according to this code it should preferably be
determined by an initial load test on a trial pile. The load test should be
conducted as per IS 2911 Part IV.
Annexure
(A) SETTLEMENT CRITERION

1. Peck Method:-
The net safe bearing (t/m2)for a settlement 25mm is expressed as ( Peck, Hanson
and Thorburn procedure )

q = 0.041 Nav Cw S ( t/m2 )

Where
Nav = Corrected average N value
Cw =Water Table Correction Factor = 0.5+0.5 Dw
(Df +B)
B = Width of foundation
Dr = Depth of foundation
Dw = Depth of water table below the ground surface
S = Allowable settlement in mm

2. Bowles’s Method :-
qnρ = 0.073NWγR d for B=< 1.2 m and

= 12.2 N((B+0.3)/B) for B=>

2
qnρ WγR d 1.2 m

3. IS : 8009 (Part-I)-1976
The safe bearing pressure can be calculated using readymade chart for any value of permissible
settlement, given width of footing and corrected value. For this report, the settlement criteria is
taken as 25 mm.
 (B) SHEAR FAILURE CRITERION

1. IS : 6403-1981
The following formulae have been used for calculating ultimate net bearing capacity as per
IS: 6403-1981 and this is similar to one proposed by Vecic.

(a) In case of general shear failure

-
qd = cNc sc dc ic+ q(Nq-1)sq dq iq +0.5 Bγ Nγ Sγ dγ iγ w’

(b) In case of local shear failure –

q’d = 0.67cN’c sc dc ic+ q(N’q-1)sq dq iq + 0.5 By N’γ Sγ dγ iγ w’

Where,

Nc, N’c, Nq, N’q Nγ N’γ = Bearing capacity factors

C = Unit Cohesion
B = Width of strip footing
sc, sq, sγ = Shape factors
y = Bulk unit weight of foundation soil
q’d = Net ultimate bearing capacity based on general shear failure
w’ = Correction factor for location of water table
φ = Angle of shearing resistance of soil in degrees

Note: - If the relative density is greater than 70% and the void ratio is less than 0.55, the shear failure is
considered as General shear failure. On the other hand, if the relative density is smaller than 20% and
the void ratio is greater than 0.75, the failure is local shear failure. For relative density between 20%
and 70% and the void ratio between 0.55 to 0.75, the bearing capacity factors are obtained by
interpolation between the general shear failure and local shear failure.
 (B) LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE PILE

The local ultimate pile load capacity is given by:

Qult = Ru + Rf

Where
Ru = Ultimate base resistance
Rf = Ultimate shaft Resistance

Ultimate Base Resistance: Ru = Ap (0.5 D.γ.Nγ + Pd Nq) + Ap NcCp

Where
Ap = Cross sectional area of base pile in cm2
D = Pile Diameter in cm
γ = Effective unit weight of soil at pile tip in kg/cm3
Nγ & Nq = Bearing capacity factors based on angle of internal friction at pile tip
Nc = Bearing capacity factor usually taken as 9
Cp = Average Cohesion at pile tip
Pd = effective overburden pressure at pile tip

But in this case we are consider limiting value of SBC at base.

Ultimate Shaft Resistance: Rf = ∑KPdi tan δ Asi + α C Asi

Where
K = Coefficient of earth pressure.
Pdi = Effective overburden pressure in kg/cm2 along the embedment of pile for the ith
layer where i varies from 1 to n.
δ = angle of wall friction b/w pile and soil in degrees. Taken as equal to angle of internal
friction of soil.
Asi = surface area of pile shaft in cm2 in the ith layer, where i varies from 1 to n.
As = Surface area of pile shaft in cm2
α = reduction factor
C = Average cohesion in kg/cm2 throughout the embedded length of pile.
 (B) LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE PILE

The local ultimate pile load capacity is given by:

Qult = Ru + Rf

Where
Ru = Ultimate base resistance
Rf = Ultimate shaft Resistance

Ultimate Base Resistance: Ru = Ap (0.5 D.γ.Nγ + Pd Nq) + Ap NcCp

Where
Ap = Cross sectional area of base pile in cm2
D = Pile Diameter in cm
γ = Effective unit weight of soil at pile tip in kg/cm3
Nγ & Nq = Bearing capacity factors based on angle of internal friction at pile tip
Nc = Bearing capacity factor usually taken as 9
Cp = Average Cohesion at pile tip
Pd = effective overburden pressure at pile tip

But in this report we are consider limiting value of SBS at base.

Ultimate Shaft Resistance: Rf = ∑KPdi tan δ Asi + α C Asi

Where
K = Coefficient of earth pressure.
Pdi = Effective overburden pressure in kg/cm2 along the embedment of pile for the ith
layer where i varies from 1 to n.
δ = angle of wall friction b/w pile and soil in degrees. Taken as equal to angle of internal
friction of soil.
Asi = surface area of pile shaft in cm2 in the ith layer, where i varies from 1 to n.
As = Surface area of pile shaft in cm2
α = reduction factor
C = Average cohesion in kg/cm2 throughout the embedded length of pile.