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K Candra Brata
andra.course@gmail.com
• Aspect ratio refers the ratio of the width to the height of an image or
screen
1-BIT IMAGES
• A 1-bit image consists of on and off bits only and thus is the simplest
type of image
2 4 8
8-Bit Color Images
LUT
• 8-bit color image files use a lookup table (LUT) to store color information
• The image stores only the index for each pixel.
• The LUT is often called a Color palette
8-Bit Color Images
LUT
• For example, if a pixel stores the value 25, the meaning is to go to row 25 in a
color lookup table.
8-Bit Color Images
LUT
• The number of rows of the LUT is 256 (8 bit)
• Thus, only 256 (28) colors can be stored.
• We have to, in some way, pick the most important 256 groups of color
24-Bit Color Images
• Each pixel is represented by three bytes (24 bits), usually representing RGB
• Each byte stores red, green, and blue values
24-Bit Color Images
24-Bit Color Images
• But many 24-bit color images are actually stored as 32-bit / 4 bytes (integer)
• The extra 1 byte of data for each pixel storing an alpha (α value) or opacity.
Popular File Format
GIF
• The human vision system has some specific limitations, which JPEG
takes advantage of the eye–brain system cannot see extremely fine
detail.
JPEG compression
PNG
• BitMap (BMP)
• Major system standard image file format for Microsoft Windows
• Supports many pixel formats, including indexed color (up to 8 bits per
pixel), and 16, 24, and 32-bit color images
• Makes use of 24-bit Run-Length Encoding (RLE) compression.
• 16-bit and 32-bit color images (with α-channel information) are always
uncompressed
Color
COLOR SCIENCE
• L responds to red (R) light (564–580 nm). M responds to green (G) light
(534–545 nm). S responds to blue (B) light (420–440 nm).
CAMERA SYSTEMS
The sampling rate determines the spatial resolution of the digitized image.
a b
c d
Generating a digital image.
(a) Continuous image.
(b) A scaling line from A to B in
the continuous image, used
to illustrate the concepts of
sampling and quantization.
(c) sampling and quantization.
(d) Digital scan line.
CAMERA SYSTEMS
a b
(a) Continuous image projected
onto a sensor array.
(b) Result of image sampling and
quantization.
CAMERA SYSTEMS
Sampling
32
64
128
256
512
1024
CAMERA SYSTEMS
Sampling
128 64 32
CAMERA SYSTEMS
Quantization
http://bit.do/sismul_tif