Multimedia Systems Development

Dr. Omar Masmali

Image
 Categories of Digital Graphics

• 1. Bitmap

• 2. Vector

• 3. Meta

• 4. Animated
 1- Bitmaps

• Bitmaps are maps of binary color information.

• They store this information in a grid of points, or pixels, which has a fixed width

and height.

• They can store various ranges of colors according to the image type.
 1-Bit Images
• Images consist of pixels (picture elements in digital images).
• A 1-bit image (also called binary image) consists of on and off bits only and thus is
the simplest type of image.
• Each pixel is stored as a single bit (0 or 1)
• It is also sometimes called a 1-bit monochrome (called Lena image by scientists)
image since it contains no color.
• 1-bit images can be satisfactory for pictures containing only simple graphics and
text.
• fax machines use 1-bit data, so in fact 1-bit images are still important.
 Monochrome 1-bit image

• A 640×480 monochrome image requires 38.4 kB of storage

 8-Bit Gray-Level Images
• 8-bit image is one for which each pixel has a gray value between 0 and 255.

• Each pixel is represented by a single byte.

• The entire image can be thought of as a two-dimensional array of pixel values

referred to as a bitmap.

• Image resolution refers to the number of pixels in a digital image (higher

resolution always yields better quality but increases size)
 Grayscale image of Lena

• 640×480 grayscale image requires 300kB of storage

 24-Bit Color Images
• In a color 24-bit image, each pixel is represented by three bytes, usually
representing RGB.
• Since each value is in the range 0–255, this format supports 256×256×256, or a
total of 16,777,216, possible combined colors; which increases storage size.
• a 640 × 480 24-bit color image would require 921.6 kB of storage. (without any
compression applied)
• Compression is used to decrease the image size by simply grouping pixels
effectively.
24-bit color image
 Higher Bit-Depth Images
• In some fields such as medicine (security cameras, satellite imaging) more
accurate images are required to see the patient’s liver, for example.

• To get such images, special cameras that view more than just 3 colors (RGB) are
used.

• Such images are called multispectral (more than three colors) or hyperspectral
(224 colors for satellite imaging).
 Graphics File Formats
• There are many standard formats for saving bitmaps in files.
• Bitmap (BMP)
• Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)
• Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)
• Exchangeable Image File (Exif)
• Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
• Tag Image File Format (TIFF)
• .......
• https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Media/Formats/Image_types
 2- Vector images
• Vector images are completely computer generated.

• They are known as object-oriented graphics as they consist of objects such as

shapes.

• Vectors are used to create graphics such as interface elements (banners, buttons)
text, line art and detailed drawings (plans, maps).

• Effects can be added to vector graphics to add realism, however, they need to be
converted to bitmaps in order to do this.
 Raster graphics
• raster graphic is a mechanism that represents a two-dimensional image as a
rectangular matrix or grid of square pixels, viewable via a computer display, paper,
or other display medium.

• A raster is technically characterized by the width and height of the image in pixels
and by the number of bits per pixel.

• Raster images are stored in image files with varying dissemination, production,
generation, and acquisition formats.
Raster graphics
 3- Meta Graphics
• Meta graphics can be termed as hybrid graphics as they are a combination of
bitmap and vector graphics.

• They aren’t as widely used as bitmaps and vectors, and aren’t as widely supported.

• An example of a meta graphic would be a map consisting of a photo showing an

aerial view of a town, where the landmarks are highlighted using vector text and
graphics.
 4- Animated Graphics
• Animated graphics are ‘moving graphics’ that consist of at least more than one
graphic.

• Vector graphics are mainly the basis of animations.

• Think of cartoons such as the Simpsons and Family Guy.

• Effects generated by bitmaps can be added and bitmaps themselves can also be
animated.
 Three Dimensional (3D) Drawing and
Rendering
• 3 Dimensional refers to objects that are rendered visually on paper, film or on screen
in three planes representing width, height and depth (X, Y and Z).

• The 3D object that a user creates is called a model and it can be simple as well as
complex.