‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟ ﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻏﹶ ﻨﹶﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻌ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﹾﻬﺏ‪:‬‬

‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ‪‬‬

‫ﺸﻴ‪‬ﺎﻉ ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﺩل‬

‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﺍﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻏﻨﹶﻡ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻭ‪‬ﺍﺱ‬
‫ﺤﻭ‪‬ﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ‪‬‬

‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺴ‪‬ـﻠﹾﻬﺏ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﱠﺹ‬
‫ﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻏﻨﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ )‪ ١٩-١٨‬ﺸﻬﺭﹰﺍ( ﺒﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻭﺯﻥ ‪ ١ ±٤٠‬ﻜﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻀـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ‪ ٣٠٠‬ﺭﺃ ٍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻻﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ‪ ٣-٢,٥‬ﺃﺸﻬﺭ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠـﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺴـﻔﻨﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺒﻠﻴـﺔ )‪ (MAP‬ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺭﻤﻭﻥ ‪ PMSG‬ﺃﻭ ﻤﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻻﺩﺘـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒ ﹰﺎ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺴﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻨﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺯ‪‬ﻋﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴ ﹰﺎ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ )‪ ١٠٠‬ﻨﻌﺠـﺔ‪/‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـﺔ(‪ .‬ﺘﺭﻜـﺕ ِﻨﻌ‪‬ـﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ )ﺸﺎﻫﺩ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﺩﻋﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﻔﻨﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ ﺒﻬﺭﻤﻭﻥ ‪ MAP‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﻬﺎﺒـل‬
‫ﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ‪ ١٢‬ﻴﻭﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺴﺤﺒﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﻔﻨﺠﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻘﻨﺕ ﻋﻀﻠﻴ ﹰﺎ ﻨﻌـﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺒـ ‪ ٣٣٠‬ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺭﻤﻭﻥ ‪.PMSG‬‬
‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﺜﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻟـﺩﺓ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ )‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ ،(٣‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴـﺔ )‪ (٠,٠١ > P‬ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤـﺎ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟﻭﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻔﻭﻗﺕ ﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ) > ‪٠,٠١‬‬
‫‪ (P‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺩ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﻜﺜﻴـﻑ ﺍﻟﺸـﻴﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻭ‪ ٩٠‬ﻭ‪ %٩٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻟﺩﺓ ‪ ٢٧‬ﻭ ‪ ٧١‬ﻭ ‪ ،%٧٣‬ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤـﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟﻭﺩﺓ ‪ ٢٧‬ﻭ‪ ٧٣‬ﻭ ‪ ٨٥‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ‪ ١‬ﻭ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺠﻨﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟﻭﺩ ﺃﻱ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻭل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻁـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﺘﻭﻗﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓـﻲ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﻋـﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻟﺩﺓ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻻﺩﺘﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻫﺭﻤﻭﻥ ‪ PMSG‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻀـﺢ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟﻭﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻕ(‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺒ ﹾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺤﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻏﻨﻡ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻭ‪‬ﺍﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺸِﻴﺎﻉ )ﺍﻟ ﹶ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺹ‪.‬ﺏ ‪ -٣٠٦٢١‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ‪ -‬ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪٤٦‬‬
 ١٩٩٨ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ ـ‬

Efficiency of Hormonal Treatment in

Synchronizing Estrus and Increasing Lambing
Rate in Awassi Yearlings

Salhab S.A. (١)

ABSTRAT
Three hundreds- Awassi yearlings, ١٨-١٩ months old, ٤٠ ± ١ kg weight,
٢,٥-٣ months post first lambing, were used to study the efficiency of hormonal
treatment in synchronizing estrus and increasing lambing rate with a program
of having two lambs per year. Ewes were randomly and equally divided into
three groups.
The first group (G١) was left as a control, while the second (G٢) and the
third (G٣) groups were fitted intravaginally with ٦٠ mg medroxy progesterone
acetate releasing – sponges for ١٢ days. At sponges withdrawal, ewes of G٣
were injected intramuscularly with ٣٣٠ IU of PMSG.
Results showed highly significant differences (P < ٠,٠١) between treated and
untreated groups on all studied parameters. Estrus was synchronized in ٤٥, ٩٠,
and ٩٢٪, and lambing rates were ٢٧, ٧١ and ٧٣٪ of ewes in G١, G٢ and G٣,
respectively. However sponges with PMSG resulted in higher twin lambing
(١٢٪), and thus in a significant number of lambs than in G٢ (٨٥ Vs ٧٣). The
concentration for compact lambing was more obvious in G٣. There was no
significant effect for the hormonal treatment, type of sex of birth on the
gestation length, birth weight or weaning weight.
It was concluded that the hormonal treatment could be used for
intensification of the sheep production and for increasing the reproductivity of
Awassi sheep.
Key Words: Awassi sheep, Synchronization, PMSG, Lambing
rate, Fecundity.

Associate Prof., Dep. Ani. Prod., Fac. Agric., P. O. Box ٣٠٦٢١, Damascus Univ., Syria.
(١)

٤٧
 ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟ ﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻏﹶ ﻨﹶﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻌ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﹾﻬﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ‪‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘـﺩﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺩ ﻏﻨﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺭﻜـﺯ ﺒﺼـﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ )‪ ١٦‬ﻤﻠﻴﻭﻨﹰﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ )‪ ٦‬ﻤﻼﻴﻴﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ )‪ ١,٧‬ﻤﻠﻴﻭﻨﹰﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ‪ ١,٥‬ﻤﻠﻴﻭﻨـﹰﺎ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ )‪ ٠,٢٥‬ﻤﻠﻴﻭﻨﹰﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻭﻴﺕ )‪ ٠,٠٤٠‬ﻤﻠﻴﻭﻨﹰﺎ(‪) ،‬ﻁﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،(١٩٩٦ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺎ )‪ ١‬ﻤﻠﻴﻭﻨـﹰﺎ( )‪،Pekel‬‬
‫ﻭﺯﻤﻼﺅﻩ‪ .(١٩٩٥ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﺼﻑ ﺒﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺘﺄﻗﻠﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ ﻁﻠﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﻸ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﺼﻨﻑ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺄﻓﻀل ﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﺭﻕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻹﻴﺴﺕ ﻓﺭﻴﺯﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻴﺏ )‪ Pekel‬ﻭﺯﻤﻼﺅﻩ‪ .(١٩٩٥ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﺒﺄﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ‪ %٨٠‬ﻭ ‪ %٣٠‬ﻤﻥ ﺇﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﺴـﻭﺭﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،(١٩٩٥ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﻟﺕ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻟﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻗﺎﻁﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻠﻭﻤﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﻴﻭﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﻁﻠﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﻸ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺨﻴﺹ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﺭﻙ ﻁﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺵ ﻤﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺠﻌل ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺴﻠﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻤﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺩ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺜﻑ ﻟﻸﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﻐل ﺃﺫﻫﺎﻥ ﺃﻏﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﺍﻷﺼﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺇﻤﺎ ﻤﻨﺸـﻁﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴـﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺼﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺠﺴﺘﺭﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺜﻴﻼﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺼـﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ )‪ ،(١٩٦٤ ،Robinson‬ﺃﻭ ﻤـﻭﺍﺩ ﻫﺎﺩﻤـﺔ ﻟـﻪ ﻤﺜـل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺴﺘﺎﻏﻼﻨﺩﻴﻥ ‪F‬ـ‪٢‬ـ ﺃﻟﻔﺎ )‪ Mc Clellan‬ﻭﺯﻤﻼﺅﻩ‪ .(١٩٧٦ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﺔ ﺤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﺴـﻔﻨﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺭﻭﺠﺴﺘﺭﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻥ ﺒﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺭﻤﻭﻥ ﻤﺼل ﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤـل‬
‫)‪ Mutiga) (PMSG‬ﻭ ‪ Mugarwa‬ـ ‪ ،(١٩٩٢ Mukasa‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﺩﻭﻨـــﻪ )‪،Dyrmundsson‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻌـﺩل ﺍﻹﺒﺎﻀـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎ ﹰ‬‫‪ (١٩٩٧a‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻﻗﺕ ﻗﺒﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟﻭﺩﺓ )‪.(١٩٨٤ ،Gognie‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﻏﻨﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ ﺘﺘﺼﻑ ﺒﻤﻭﺴﻡ ﺘﻨﺎﺴﻠﻲ ﻁﻭﻴل ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻭﺤﺘـﻰ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﺸـﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﹸﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﻴﺎﻋﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌـل‬
‫ﻭﻻﺩﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﺒﻌﺜﺭﺓ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﻌﺜﺭﺓ ﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤـﺭﺒﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻌﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺌﻡ )‪ ،(%٧‬ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ‪) %٦٥‬ﻟﺒﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،(١٩٨٦ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﻭﻻﺩﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻻﺴـﻔﻨﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ ﺒﻬﺭﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺠﺴﺘﺭﻭﻥ ﻤﻊ ﻫﺭﻤﻭﻥ ‪ PMSG‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﺩﻭﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﻜﻴـﺭ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺴـﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻏﻨﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ ﺘﺤﺕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺜﻑ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ ـ ‪١٩٩٨‬‬

‫ﻤـﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺙ ﻭﻁﺭﺍﺌﻘـﻪ‬

‫ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻴﺎﺭ )ﻤﺎﻴﻭ( ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺸـﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل )ﺃﻜﺘـﻭﺒﺭ(‪ ١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺘﺴﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺠﻭل ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺎﻤﺸﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻟﻠﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩﹰﺍ ﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻁﺎﺌﻡ ﻏﻨﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ‪ .‬ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒـﺔ‬
‫‪ ٢٠٠‬ﺭﺃﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻤﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻻﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ‪ ٢‬ـ ‪ ٢,٥‬ﺸﻬﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪١٠٠‬‬
‫ﺤﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﺭ ‪ ١٨‬ـ ‪ ١٩‬ﺸﻬﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ١±٤٠‬ﻜﻎ‪ .‬ﺃﺨﻀﻌﺕ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻲ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﺘﹸﺒﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ )ﺴﻠﻬﺏ ﻭﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،(١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻭﻭﺯﻋﺕ ﻋﺸـﻭﺍﺌﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ )‪ ١٠٠‬ﺭﺃﺱ‪/‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﺩﻋﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﻔﻨﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ ﺒﻬﺭﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺠﺴﺘﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻌﻲ )‪ (MAP) (Medroxy Progesterone Acetate‬ﻭﻓﻘـﹰﺎ ﻟﺘﻭﺼـﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸـﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼـﻨﻌﺔ‬
‫)*‪ (Upjohn‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﻬﺎﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺘﺭﻙ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ )ﺸﺎﻫﺩ(‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ‪ ١٢‬ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﺴ‪‬ﺤﺒﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﻔﻨﺠﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻬﺎﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻘﻨﺕ ﺤﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻋﻀـﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺠﺭﻋـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ )‪ ٣٣٠‬ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ( ﻤﻥ ﻫﺭﻤﻭﻥ ‪ .PMSG‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ‪ ٣٦‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻥ ﺃﻁﻠﻘﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺵ ﺍﻟﻜﺸـﺎﻓﺔ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺸﺒِﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﻟﻘﱢﺤﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ ‪ ٤٨‬ﻭ‪ ٦٠‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺒﺎﺵ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟـﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺯﻟﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟ ﹶ‬
‫ﻋ‪‬ﺯﻟﺕ ﺍﻟﻜ ‪‬ﺒﺎﺵ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺃﻋﻴﺩﺕ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ‪ ١٤‬ﻴﻭﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺭﻜﺕ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ﺃﺴﺒﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺃﺒﻌﺩﺕ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻜﺒﺵ ﺒﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ‪ ٥‬ﻨﻌﺎﺝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺴﺒﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﻜﺜﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺤ‪‬ﺴـﺏ ﻁﹶـﻭل‬
‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺨﻠﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺵ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺒﺩﺀ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﻜل ‪ ٤‬ﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺒـﺩﺀﹰﺍ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻋﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻕ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺤ‪‬ﺴﺒﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ )ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻟﺩﺓ‪ ١٠٠/‬ﻨﻌﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺨﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻟﻴﺩ‪ ١٠٠/‬ﻨﻌﺠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺌﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴـﺘﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻨﻤـﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﺤﺼـﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ General Linear Model‬ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﻲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻻﺘﺠـﺎﻫﻴﻥ )‪(Two – Ways ANOVA‬‬
‫ﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺴﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌـﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸـﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭﻻﻥ )‪١‬ﻭ‪ (٢‬ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺘﻜﺜﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﻤﻊ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻟﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺘﻭﻗﻴـﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻏﻨﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻻﺩﺘﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ‪.‬‬

‫*‬
‫‪Upjohn Co., Kalemazoo, MI, U.S.A.‬‬

‫‪٤٩‬‬
 ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟ ﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻏﹶ ﻨﹶﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻌ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﹾﻬﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ‪‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ :(١‬ﺘﻜﺜﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﻁﻭل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

‫ﻁﻭل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺜﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ‬

‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫)ﺴﺎﻋﺔ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬
‫‪%‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫‪٣,٥ ± ٣١,٠a‬‬ ‫‪٤٥‬‬ ‫‪٤٥a‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺩ‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٢,١ ± ٣٥,١a‬‬ ‫‪٩٠‬‬ ‫‪٩٠b‬‬ ‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫‪٨٢‬‬ ‫‪٨٢‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪MAP‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٢,١ ±٣٥,٩ a‬‬ ‫‪٩٢‬‬ ‫‪٩٢b‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪٨٥‬‬ ‫‪٨٥‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪MAP + (٣٠٠) PMSG‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬

‫* ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺸﻴﺎﻋ ﹰﺎ ﻭﻟﻡ ﺘﻜﺭﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋـﺩﻡ ﻭﺠـﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﺩ ‪٠,٠١ > P‬‬
‫ﻲ‬‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ‪ (١‬ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﻜﺜﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺘ ْ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ )‪ ٢‬ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ‪ ،(٣‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﻔﻭﻗﺕ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴـﺔ )‪ (٠,٠١ > P‬ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺩ )‪ ،(١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﻜﺜﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ %١٥‬ﻭ‪ %٨٢‬ﻭ‪ ،%٨٥‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ‪ ١‬ﻭ‪ ٢‬ﻭ‪ ٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔﻌﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ ‪ %٤٥‬ﻭ‪ %٩٠‬ﻭ‪ %٩٢‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﻌـﺩ‬
‫)‪ ١٧‬ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ(‪ .‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ )‪ %١٠‬ﻭ‪ (%٨‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺘﻴﻥ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ‪ ٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﺠﺴﺎﻡ ﺼﻔﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻨﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻻﻀﻁﺭﺍﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺴﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﹸﻌﺯﻯ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺸﻴﺎﻋﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ‪ ١٧‬ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻻﺤﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﻜـﺒﺵ )‪ Watson‬ﻭ ‪ ،(١٩٦٠ ،Radford‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﻀﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺸﻴﺎﻋﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟـﻰ )‪ ،(١٩٨٠ ،Hafez‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﻤﻨﻲ ﻟﻜﻼ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺴﺤﺏ ﺍﻻﺴﻔﻨﺠﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻜﺭﺭ ﺸﻴﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ‪ ١٧‬ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﻌﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺇﺒﺎﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﺘﻪ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﻟـﺩﺕ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ )ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ :(٢‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻟﺩﺓ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻟﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻟﺩ‪%‬‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻟﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻟﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١٠٣‬‬ ‫‪٧٣b‬‬ ‫‪٧٣b‬‬ ‫‪٧١‬‬ ‫‪٧١b‬‬ ‫‪٣٦‬‬ ‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪١١٦‬‬ ‫‪٨٥c‬‬ ‫‪٨٥c‬‬ ‫‪٧٣‬‬ ‫‪٧٣b‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫‪٦٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬

‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺤﺭﻑ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ) ‪(٠,٠١ >P‬‬

‫ﺼﺭﻱ‪ (١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ )‪ (١٩٧٩ ,Qurike‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻬﺏ ﻭ ‪‬ﻤ ْ‬

‫ﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﺩﻩ ) ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﻜﺜﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻨﻌﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬

‫‪٥٠‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ ـ ‪١٩٩٨‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻹﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﻔﻨﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻊ ‪ PMSG‬ﻓـﻲ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﻜﺜﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﺫﻜﺭﻫـﺎ ﻟﺒـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫)‪ (١٩٨٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ‪ %٢٠‬ﻭ‪ %٤٨‬ﻓﻲ ﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒـ ‪ MAP‬ﺩﻭﻥ ‪ PMSG‬ﻭﻤﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺒﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ Kassim‬ﻭﺯﻤﻼﺅﻩ ‪ ،١٩٩٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ‪٧٧‬ـ‪ %٩٧‬ﻓﻲ ﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌـﻭﺍﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻀﺠﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ‪ ٢٥٠‬ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ‪ ،PMSG‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻭﺒﻲ ﻭﺯﻤـﻼﺅﻩ‬
‫)‪ (١٩٩١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ‪ %٩٦‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﻔﻨﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ‪ ٥٠٠‬ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ‪.PMSG‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﺩﻩ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺠﻤﻌﺔ )‪ (١٩٨٧‬ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﻜﺜﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ )‪ ٨٧‬ـ ‪ (%١٠٠‬ﻋﻨـﺩ ﻨﻌـﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﺩﻩ ﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻭﻋﺠﺎﻡ )‪ (١٩٩١‬ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﻜﺜﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﻨـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﺒﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻼﻻﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻷﻏﻨـﺎﻡ )‪١٩٦٤ ،Robinson‬؛ ‪،Barker‬‬
‫‪١٩٦٩‬؛ ‪ Deweese‬ﻭﺯﻤﻼﺅﻩ؛ ‪ (١٩٧٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﻜﺜﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ‪ ٧٠‬ـ ‪ %١٠٠‬ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻟﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ )ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﻔﻨﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ MAP‬ﻻ ﻴﻘل ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ )‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺤﻘﻨﺕ ﺒـ‪ ٣٣٠:‬ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ‪ ،PMSG‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﺘﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺘﻴﻥ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ )‪ (٠,٠١ > P‬ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻟﺩﺓ ‪ %٧٣‬ﻭ ‪ %٧١‬ﻭ ‪ %٢٧‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ‪ ٣‬ﻭ‪ ٢‬ﻭ‪ ١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘـﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﺔ ﺤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ )‪ (٠,٠١ > P‬ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻌـﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺤﻘﻨـﺕ ‪PMSG‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ( ﻤﻊ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻭﻤﻠﺕ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﻔﻨﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ )ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ %٨٥‬ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ‪ %٥٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻭﻁﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﻜﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻫﺭﻤﻭﻥ ‪ PMSG‬ﻟﻡ ﻴﻜـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻔﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻭﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺒﻊ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﺒﻭﺼﻔﻪ ﻫﺭﻤﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻨﺸﻁﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻴﺽ ﻭﺤﺎﻓﺯﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻴﺼﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺴﻬﺎﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ ﻜﻬﺭﻤﻭﻥ ﻤﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻩ ﻟﻬﺭﻤـﻭﻥ ‪ LH‬ﻓـﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺒﺎﻀﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻟﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﺩﻨﺎﻩ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ )ﺴﻠﻬﺏ ﻭﻤﺼـﺭﻱ‪ (١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ‪ ٤٤‬ـ ‪ ،%٥٤,٥‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻗﺩ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺯﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺘﺒـﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻋﺩ ﺃﺒﻜﺭ ﺒﺸﻬﺭ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺸﻬﺭﻴﻥ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ( ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﻋﺩ ﺒﺩﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺴﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺴﻠﻲ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﺸﺭ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻭﺒﻲ ﻭﺯﻤﻼﺅﻩ )‪ (١٩٩١‬ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻟﺩﺓ )‪ (%٧٤‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻓـﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ‪ ٥٠٠‬ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺭﻤﻭﻥ ‪ ،PMSG‬ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (١٩٨٦‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ‪ %٦٩,٨‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﻔﻨﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻤﺎ ﺤﺼﻼ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻁﺎﺓ ‪ ٦٠٠‬ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ‪ PMSG‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪Alkass‬‬

‫‪٥١‬‬
 ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟ ﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻏﹶ ﻨﹶﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻌ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﹾﻬﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ‪‬‬

‫ﻭﺯﻤﻼﺅﻩ )‪ (١٩٨٩‬ﻭ‪ Badawi‬ﻭﺯﻤﻼﺅﻩ )‪ (١٩٨٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺤﺼـل ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻋﺒـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻁﻴﻑ )‪ (١٩٨٦‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺴـﻼﻻﺕ ﺃﺠﻨﺒﻴـﺔ‬
‫)‪ Hakett‬ﻭﺯﻤﻼﺅﻩ ‪١٩٨٢‬؛ ‪ Shrestha‬ﻭﺯﻤﻼﺅﻩ‪ (١٩٨٣ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻼﻻﺕ ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﺜـل ﺍﻟﻨﻌـﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ )ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ .(١٩٨٧ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻌﺯﻯ ﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺘﺘﺼـل ﺒـﺎﻟﻌﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒـﺎﻟﻌﺭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ‪ ،PMSG‬ﻭﺒﻤﻭﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ـﺔ )‪(٠,٠٥ > P‬‬ ‫ـﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴــ‬ ‫ـﺔ )‪ (٣‬ﺒﺼــ‬ ‫ـﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋــ‬ ‫ـﺩﻭل )‪ (٢‬ﺘﻔــ‬ ‫ـﻥ ﺍﻟﺠــ‬ ‫ـﺢ ﻤــ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻀــ‬
‫ﻭ)‪ (٠,٠١ >P‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻻﺘﺠـﺎﻩ ﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬
‫ﺘﻔﻭﻗﺕ ﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ) ‪ (٠,٠١ >P‬ﻓﻲ ﻋـﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﻜﺩ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟﻭﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻌـﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻟـﺩﺓ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻫﺭﻤﻭﻥ ‪ PMSG‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻹﺒﺎﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋـﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ‪ ١٢‬ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺘﻭﺃﻤﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ( ﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻭﻻﺩﺘﻴﻥ ﺘﻭﺃﻤﺘﻴﻥ )ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ( ﻤﻤﺎ ﺭﻓـﻊ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻟﻴﺩ‪ /‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻟﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ ،%١١٦‬ﻭ ‪ %١٠٣‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺘﻴﻥ ‪ ٣‬ﻭ ‪ ٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻟﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﻴﺔ ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺘﻭﺃﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻭﻋﺠﺎﻡ )‪ (١٩٩١‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ‪ %١١٧‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺤﻘـﻥ ‪٤٠٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ‪ PMSG‬ﻟﻠﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺤﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐـﺔ ‪ %١٠٦‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ %١٣٠‬ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺤﻘﻨﺎ ‪ ٣٠٠‬ﻭ ‪ ٣٥٠‬ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ‪ PMSG‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ )ﺴﻠﻬﺏ ﻭﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،(١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗل ﻤﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻭﺒﻲ ﻭﺯﻤﻼﺅﻩ )‪ (١٩٩١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ‪ ١٤٤‬ﻭ ‪ %١٩٩‬ﻓﻲ ﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻘﻭﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٠٠‬ﻭ ‪٦٠٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ‪ ،PMSG‬ﻭﺃﻗل ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴـﺏ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺤﺼـل ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ‪ (١٩٨٠)Botha‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐـﺔ ‪ %١٥٥‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ Martemucci‬ﻭﺯﻤﻼﺅﻩ )‪ (١٩٨٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ‪ %١٨٧‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ‪ ٤٠٠‬ـ ‪ ٦٠٠‬ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ‪PMSG‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺠﻤﻌﻪ )‪ (١٩٨٧‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ‪%١٨٣‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ‪ ٧٠٠‬ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺭﻤﻭﻥ ‪ PMSG‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤـﺎ ﻴﺅﻜـﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺌﻡ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ )‪ Thompson‬ﻭ‪ (١٩٨٨ ،bahhady‬ﻭﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻨﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻟﻔﺘـﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺏ )ﺍﻜﺴﺎﺩ‪ .(١٩٩٦ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﺯﻯ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻓـﺎﺕ ﻓـﻲ ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﻭﺍﺌﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺭﻋﺔ ‪ PMSG‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻁﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﻋﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺜل ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻭل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺘﻴﻥ )‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ (٣‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻁﻭل‬
‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ‪ ،١,٤ ± ١٥٠,٤ ،١,٩ ± ١٤٨,٧‬ﻭ ‪ ١,٦ ± ١٥٠,٩‬ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـﺎﺕ ‪ ١‬ﻭ‪ ٢‬ﻭ‪ ٣‬ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻟﻡ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻭل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﻟﺩﺕ ﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﻟﺩﺕ ﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﺘﻭﺃﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﻟﺩﺕ ﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﺫﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﻭﻟـﺩﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﺃﻨﺜﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﻟﻨـﻭﻉ‬

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 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ ـ ‪١٩٩٨‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺓ )ﻓﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻭﺃﻤﻴﺔ( ﺃﻭ ﻟﺠﻨﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟﻭﺩ ﺫﻜﺭﹰﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻨﺜﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻭل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﺩﻩ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ‪ Kassem‬ﻭﺯﻤﻼﺅﻩ )‪ (١٩٨٩‬ﻭ‪ (١٩٨٨) Ahmaz‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻌـﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌـﻭﺍﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﻜﺩ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻁﻭل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﻜﺎﻥ ‪ ١٥١,٧‬ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻭل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪‬ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻟﺠـﻨﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟـﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ ‪ ،٠,٩ ±٣,١‬ﻭ ‪ ،٠,٤ ± ٣,٨‬ﻭ ‪٠,٤ ± ٣,٩‬‬
‫ﻜﻎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ‪ ١‬ﻭ‪ ٢‬ﻭ‪ ٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﺔ ﺤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟﻭﺩ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻟﻴﺱ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺃﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻟﻴـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻟﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﻨﺜﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺘﻔﻕ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﺩﻩ ‪ (١٩٨٨) Ahmaz‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﻤـﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ‪ Khan‬ﻭﺯﻤـﻼﺅﻩ )‪،(١٩٩١‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻜﺴﺎﺩ )‪.(١٩٩٦‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ :(٣‬ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ )ﻡ ‪ ±‬ﺇ‪.‬ﻡ( ﻁﻭل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل )ﻴﻭﻡ( ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺓ )ﻜﻎ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟـﻭﺯﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺎﻡ )ﻜﻎ(‪ ،‬ﺘﺒﻌ ﹰﺎ ﻟﺠﻨﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻟﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺎﻡ‪/‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ‪/‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﻭل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل‪/‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻨﺱ ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺓ‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١٩,٤ ١٩,٥‬‬ ‫‪١٩,٣‬‬ ‫‪٤,٤‬‬ ‫‪٤,٢‬‬ ‫‪٤,١‬‬ ‫‪١٥٠,٨ ١٥٠,٣ ١٤٩‬‬
‫ﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫‪١,٥‬‬ ‫‪١,٧‬‬ ‫‪١,٣‬‬ ‫‪٠٦.‬‬ ‫‪٠,٥‬‬ ‫‪٠,٧‬‬ ‫‪١,٦‬‬ ‫‪١,٤‬‬ ‫‪١,٥‬‬
‫‪١٧,٥ ١٨,١‬‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫‪٣,٢‬‬ ‫‪٣,٧‬‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫‪١٥٠,١‬‬ ‫ـ ‪٤٩,٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﺘﻭﺃﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫‪١,١‬‬ ‫‪١,١‬‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫‪٠,٣‬‬ ‫‪٠,٣‬‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫‪١,٤‬‬ ‫ـ ‪١,٣‬‬
‫‪١٨,٩ ١٩,٣‬‬ ‫‪١٨,٦‬‬ ‫‪٤,٣‬‬ ‫‪٤,٣‬‬ ‫‪٤,٦‬‬ ‫‪١٥٢,٠‬‬ ‫‪٥١,٣ ١٤٩,٢‬‬
‫ﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﺫﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫‪١,٥‬‬ ‫‪١,٥‬‬ ‫‪١,٢‬‬ ‫‪٠,٤‬‬ ‫‪٠,٤‬‬ ‫‪١,٤‬‬ ‫‪١,٧‬‬ ‫‪١,٦‬‬ ‫‪١,٣‬‬
‫‪١٨,٦ ١٨,١‬‬ ‫‪١٨,٥‬‬ ‫‪٣,٧‬‬ ‫‪٣,٧‬‬ ‫‪٣,٦‬‬ ‫‪١٥,٧ ١٥٠,٢ ٤٤٨,٥‬‬
‫ﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﺃﻨﺜﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫‪١,٤‬‬ ‫‪١,٤‬‬ ‫‪١,٣‬‬ ‫‪٠,٣‬‬ ‫‪٠,٣‬‬ ‫‪٠,٥‬‬ ‫‪١,٧‬‬ ‫‪١,٢‬‬ ‫‪١,٥‬‬
‫‪١٨,٦ ١٨,٨‬‬ ‫‪١٨,٨‬‬ ‫‪٣,٩‬‬ ‫‪٣,٨‬‬ ‫‪٣,١‬‬ ‫‪١٥٠,٩ ١٥٠,٤ ١٤٨,٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫‪١,٥‬‬ ‫‪١,٥‬‬ ‫‪١,٧‬‬ ‫‪٠,٤‬‬ ‫‪٠,٤‬‬ ‫‪٠,٩‬‬ ‫‪١,٦‬‬ ‫‪١,٤‬‬ ‫‪١,٤‬‬

‫ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻭﻕ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺎﻡ )‪ ٦٠‬ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ( ‪ ٠,٠٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٠,٠١٣‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻡ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺎﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺎﻡ ‪ ١,٥ ± ١٨,٦ ،١,٥ ± ١٨,٨ ،١,٧± ١٨,٨‬ﻜﻎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـﺎﺕ ‪ ١‬ﻭ‪٢‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ ٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺩل ﺃﻨﻪ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻟـﻡ ﺘﺴـﺠل‬
‫ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺎﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺃﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺜﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﻟﺠﻨﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟﻭﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻻﺩﺘﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﺒﺎﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻨﻤﻭ ﻤﻭﺍﻟﻴﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﻜﺜﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠـﺔ ﺒﺎﺴـﻔﻨﺠﺎﺕ ‪ MAP‬ﻤـﻊ‬

‫‪٥٣‬‬
 ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟ ﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻏﹶ ﻨﹶﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻌ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﹾﻬﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ‪‬‬

‫‪ PMSG‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﺩﻭﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺤﻘﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻭﻗﻴﺘﻬـﺎ ﻭﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﻋـﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟﻭﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺒﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺜﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺒﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺸﻜﺭ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻴﺸﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺎﻤﺸﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﻼﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﺯﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻻﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺭﺍﺠـﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪.‬ﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺡ‪ .‬ﻤﻅﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻫـ‪.‬ﻉ‪.‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻡ‪.‬ﺱ‪ .‬ﻓﺭﺝ‪ .١٩٩١ .‬ﺘﻜﺜﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸـﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻭﻴﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺇﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ‪.١٧٤ - ١٦٢: (٢)١‬‬
‫ﺃﻜﺴﺎﺩ‪ .١٩٩٦ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻱ‪ .‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻜﺴﺎﺩ ‪/‬ﺙ ﺡ‪ /‬ﺕ ﺱ ‪ /٢٥‬ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‬
‫ـ ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‪ .١٩٩٥ .‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﻟﻺﺤﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠـﺩ )‪،(١٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺱ‪.‬ﺃ‪.‬ﻭ‪.‬ﻑ‪.‬ﻁ‪ .‬ﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ .١٩٨٧ .‬ﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻕ ﺒﺎﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻌﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﻨﻜﻭ ‪ ٧١ :(٣)٥‬ـ ‪.٧٥‬‬
‫ﺴﻠﻬﺏ‪ ،‬ﺱ‪.‬ﻉ‪.‬ﻭ ﻱ‪ .‬ﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ .١٩٩٨ .‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜـﺭ ﻓـﻲ ﻓﻁـﺎﺌﻡ ﻏـﻨﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺱ‪ .‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﺴل ﺍﻷﺴﺩ ﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٥١ :٥‬ـ ‪.٦٢‬‬
‫ﻁﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻑ‪ .١٩٩٦ .‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﻋﺭﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻜﺴﺎﺩ ‪/‬ﺙ ﺡ‪ /‬ﻥ ‪ .١٥٥‬ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻁﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪.‬ﻉ‪ .١٩٨٦ .‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺴﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌـﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴـﺔ‪ .‬ﺭﺴـﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺭﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭ‪.‬ﻥ‪.‬ﻭ‪.‬ﺇ‪.‬ﻙ‪ .‬ﻋﺠﺎﻡ‪ .١٩٩١ .‬ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺴـﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻌـﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴـﺔ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﻨﻜﻭ )‪ ٧٣ :(١‬ـ ‪.٨٢‬‬
‫ﻟﺒﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪.‬ﻑ‪ .‬ﻭ‪.‬ﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‪ .١٩٨٦ .‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺌﻡ ﻓـﻲ ﺃﻏﻨـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺴـﻲ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ٥٥ :(٢) ١٣‬ـ ‪.٦٦‬‬
‫‪Ahmaz, M. ١٩٨٨. Assessment of progesterone impregnated intravaginal‬‬
‫‪sponges and gonadotrophic treatment on reproductive performance of local‬‬
‫‪sheep breed. American University of Beirut, P. ٥٩-٦٥.‬‬

‫‪٥٤‬‬
 ١٩٩٨ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ ـ‬

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٥٥
‫ﺍﺱ‬‫ ﻭ‬‫ﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻏﹶ ﻨﹶﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻌ‬‫ ﻭ‬‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟ ﻭﻻﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤ‬ :‫ﺴﻠﹾﻬﺏ‬
 ‫ﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬‫ﺴ‬

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Received ٢٠:٠٤:١٩٩٨ ‫ﺇﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬

Accepted for Publ. ١٣:٠٦:١٩٩٨ ‫ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ‬

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