Sanchez Mira School of Arts and Trades Senior High

School

DEVELOPMENT OF APPLE CIDER AS

INGREDIENT FOR ALTERNATIVE DEODORANT

_____________________

A Research Proposal (Qualitative)

Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School
Sanchez Mira School of Arts and Trades
Sanchez Mira, Cagayan

_____________________

In Partial Fulfilment
Of the Requirements
Practical Research 2

_____________________

Shaira Mae Fiesta

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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Apples. They are a sweet treat in the fall, and a mainstay of our winter fruit

supply. We crunch them, bake them, preserve them, sauce them, and press them. But do

you know where apples and apple cider came from?

The wild ancestor of the modern apple tree can still be found growing in the

mountains of Central Asia. Malus sieversii is a small, highly coloured, sweet apple with

extreme variability which has given rise to the cultivation of today's diverse apple types.

The ancient woodlands of Kyrgyzstan—and of neighboring republics—are home to more

than 300 wild fruit and nut trees. The local residents still make jams and preserves from

these original wild apples.

According to archaeologists, apple trees even existed along the Nile River in

Egypt as early as 1300 B.C., imported for the gardens and orchards of the ancient

Egyptians and irrigated by hand. Scientists and agricultural experts believe the cultivation

of apples occurred over a long period of time. The first generations of domesticated

apples were not meant for eating out of hand. Often, they were bitter, suitable for juicing

and fermenting into hard apple cider. According to Greek records circa 55 B.C. the first

observation of apple cider being enjoyed was among the local people of Kent in what is

now England.
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Back then, apple cider was not the sweet, non-alcoholic drink we now recognize,

but a much boozier version. The first settlers of New England found growing apples

much easier then growing grain for beer, so cider became the popular beverage and in

fact was safer to drink than much of the available water, full of nutrition needed to get

them through the harsh winters. They even brewed a lower alcoholic cider for children

Deodorant was introduced in the late 1800s. The first deodorant that killed odor-

causing bacteria was called Mum and it was trademarked in 1888. It was a waxy cream

that came in a metal tin and used zinc oxide to fight odor. Back then, deodorant was a

fairly novel idea, as most women simply used perfume to smell fresh. A version of this

first formula was later developed into the first roll-on deodorant in the 1950s, and a

modern version of it is still available for sale today—albeit mostly outside the US.

Antiperspirant followed in the late 1900s. The very first product of its kind was

called Everdry, which launched in 1903. A few years later in 1909, Dr. Abraham D.

Murphey, a physician who lived in Cincinnati, developed a liquid antiperspirant to keep

his hands dry during surgery. His daughter, Edna, used the invention under her arms and

found it eliminated sweat and odor and later decided to market it to women as a way to

ditch hot and uncomfortable sweat pads used in dresses at the time to absorb excess sweat

on warm days. After a few years of no success, she finally debuted an antiperspirant

called Odorono (as in Odor, oh no!), which became extremely popular and was the basis

for the aluminum-based deodorants we know today. In 1914, the Journal of American
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Medical Association called it “fraudulent and dangerous,” stating that the aluminum

chloride inside could irritate skin.

Deodorant marketing expands in the early 20th century. In the decades that

followed the debut of Odorono, the power behind Murphey’s success was her marketing

approach. She hired a now-famed copywriter named James Webb Young who wrote

advertisements in publications like Ladies’ Home Journal positioning underarm sweat as

an embarrassing problem for women. “Several women...said they would never speak to

me again—that it was ‘disgusting’ and ‘an insult to women,’” said Young. “But the

deodorant’s sales increased 112 percent that year.” Many deodorant brands soon followed

suit and all began to heavily market anti-sweat and anti-odor products to women as a

necessity, not a luxury.

Introduction of aluminum-free deodorant. For centuries, different cultures have

used natural remedies to solve body odor issues. Asian cultures have used mineral salts to

fight odor-causing bacteria. But the kind of aluminum-free deodorant and deodorants

using cleaner ingredients like we know today were introduced in the 1970s. They picked

up popularity in the ’90s, but have risen to new heights from 2010 onward. In a recent

report, 9% of people in the US currently specifically use a clean, aluminum-free

deodorant—versus a regular deodorant or antiperspirant—and 46% of U.S. adults said

it’s at least somewhat important to buy a personal care product that’s free from chemical

ingredients. Today, you’ll find nearly as many aluminum-free deodorant options

available as you will traditional ones.

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It might be hard to think of a time before deodorant. It’s particularly popular in

the US, where 95% of the population uses it. It’s as much a part of daily routines as

brushing your teeth. However, deodorants and antiperspirants weren’t always such a

staple in American medicine cabinets. In fact, it’s only been popular for the past century.

Today, the deodorant market is growing as fast as ever. The once-deemed unnecessary

product is now the basis for a multi-billion-dollar global industry that shows no signs of

stopping.

Dating back to ancient Egypt and Greece, the world’s wealthy would douse

themselves in everything from fragrant wax to perfumes in order to cover the smell that

occurs when sweat meets the bacteria on the skin. However, the first effective deodorant

as we know it was developed at the end of the 19th century. Since then, we’ve come a

long way, using ingredients that don’t resemble those of their predecessors at all. But

before we take a look at where deodorant is today, let’s take a look back at its earlier

iterations.

The very first product of its kind was called Everdry, which launched in 1903. A

few years later in 1909, Dr. Abraham D. Murphey, a physician who lived in Cincinnati,

developed a liquid antiperspirant to keep his hands dry during surgery. His daughter,

Edna, used the invention under her arms and found it eliminated sweat and odor and later

decided to market it to women as a way to ditch hot and uncomfortable sweat pads used

in dresses at the time to absorb excess sweat on warm days. After a few years of no

success, she finally debuted an antiperspirant called Odorono (as in Odor, oh no!), which
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became extremely popular and was the basis for the aluminum-based deodorants we

know today. In 1914, the Journal of American Medical Association called it “fraudulent

and dangerous,” stating that the aluminum chloride inside could irritate skin.

In the decades that followed the debut of Odorono, the power behind Murphey’s

success was her marketing approach. She hired a now-famed copywriter named James

Webb Young who wrote advertisements in publications like Ladies’ Home Journal

positioning underarm sweat as an embarrassing problem for women. “Several

women...said they would never speak to me again—that it was ‘disgusting’ and ‘an insult

to women,’” said Young. “But the deodorant’s sales increased 112 percent that year.”

Many deodorant brands soon followed suit and all began to heavily market anti-sweat

and anti-odor products to women as a necessity, not a luxury.

For centuries, different cultures have used natural remedies to solve body odor

issues. Asian cultures have used mineral salts to fight odor-causing bacteria. But the kind

of aluminum-free deodorant and deodorants using cleaner ingredients like we know today

were introduced in the 1970s. They picked up popularity in the ’90s, but have risen to

new heights from 2010 onward. In a recent report, 9% of people in the US currently

specifically use a clean, aluminum-free deodorant—versus a regular deodorant or

antiperspirant—and 46% of U.S. adults said it’s at least somewhat important to buy a

personal care product that’s free from chemical ingredients. Today, you’ll find nearly as

many aluminum-free deodorant options available as you will traditional ones.

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Statement of the Problem

Generally, this study aims to determine the Development of Apple Cider as

Ingredient for Alternative Deodorant.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the development level of Deodorant made up of Apple Cider in terms of:

a. Appearance

b. Color

c. Odor/Fragrance

2. Is there a significant difference among the three treatments Apple Cider as

Deodorant perceive by the evaluation of the respondent?

3. Cost of Production.
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Conceptual Framework

Resident Profile:
-Name
INPUT -Age

-Interview
-Data Analysis
PROCESS

OUTPUT -Effect
Figure 1. of
TheApple Cider
Diagram as Flow
on the Deodorant
of Research

The diagram explains the process of approach in conducting the probation of

the study. While on the process of study, the researchers are expected to conduct an

interview both face-to-face and online only to the people of Sanchez Mira, Cagayan,

and analyze the data thoroughly. The data gathered from the interviews towards the

phenomena will help researchers identify how effective Apple Cider as Deodorant.

Research Hypothesis

There is no significant difference among the treatments in terms of appearance,

color, and odor/fragrance.

Scope and Delimitations

The study will focus on the effectiveness of Apple Cider as Deodorant. The

result of the effects of the deodorant may vary in terms on how many times they use it.
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All their personal and confidential information will be kept by the researchers. Rest

assured that all of their identities will be left to the researchers.

There will be research fundamental prepared by the researchers by applying the

random sampling method. It is on the respondent’s decision if he/she wants to remain

unanimous as long as the necessary answers from the questionnaire have been elicited.

The study will utilize the people only in Sanchez Mira, Cagayan.

Significance of the study

The primary reason for the researches in undertaking this study is the

determine whether apple cider is a good alternative to deodorant, their viewpoints on

the variables whether apple cider is an effective and useful deodorant alternative. An

inclusion in the study’s scope aside the people within Sanchez Mira, Cagayan, are

researchers. Moreover, the research aims to inform not only the researchers but to

everyone. The result and findings can add up to information and insights as reference

in creating comparative exploration.

It is deemed beneficial to:

Administrators, the result obtained from this research contributed to

administrators on how they can improve productivity in deodorant.

Future researchers, this will help to cover information that provides insight

on how to improve hygiene in a day-to-day basis by simple creating a new possibility

that some household ingredients can be beneficial in body hygiene.

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Definition of Terms

Deodorant - is a substance that you can use on your body to hide or prevent

the smell of sweat.

Apple Cider - is a raw, unfiltered, unsweetened beverage made from the juice

of pressed apples that contains no alcohol.

Hygiene - refers to behaviors that can improve cleanliness and lead to good

health, such as frequent handwashing, facial cleanliness, and bathing with soap and

water.

Alternative - something that is different from something else, especially from

what is usual, and offering the possibility of choice

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies, which has

bearing in the proposed study. They serve as fundamental background in the conduct

of the study.

This are just few of the sample researches we have search and paraphrase that

have a similar topic or point of view with our research study.

Apple cider vinegar soaks do not alter the skin bacterial microbiome in atopic

dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD), a common skin disease, affects up to 20% of children

and 6% of adults. AD is associated with significant utilization of health care resources,

as patients with AD cost the health system $3,302 more annually in the United States

than patients without AD. AD is characterized by altered cutaneous immunity and skin

barrier defects that increase susceptibility to bacterial infections. AD patients exhibit

lower skin microbiota diversity compared to healthy skin, and over 90% of AD

patients have colonization of lesional skin with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus),

characteristics that have been targeted by AD treatments such as topical steroids. Low

density S. aureus is also present in non-lesional skin of AD patients and demonstrates

resistance to common antimicrobials. In contrast, S. aureus is absent from the healthy

skin microbiome, except in moist higher pH intertriginous zones and nares. S. aureus-

colonized patients have higher total serum IgE levels and a higher food allergy

prevalence. AD subjects with IgE directed towards staphyloccocal enterotoxins also

have a higher incidence of asthma.

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Microbial dysbiosis and S. aureus colonization are driven by impairment of

epidermal acidification in AD. Breakdown products of filaggrin, a key epidermal

differentiation complex protein deficient in AD skin, contribute to epidermal

acidification and impair S. aureus growth by forming pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and

trans-urocanic acid (t-UCA). The alkaline pH of AD skin likely arises from insufficient

filaggrin-derived t-UCA; other natural acidifiers may contribute to skin flora dysbiosis.

AD is difficult to treat and current treatments are not curative. Bath additives

like dilute sodium hypochlorite (bleach) are often recommended by dermatologists as

adjuvant therapy to reduce disease severity due to their potential anti-staphylococcal

benefits. However, evidence supporting their effectiveness is sparse. Given the acid

mantle impairment in atopic dermatitis, bleach is a counterintuitive approach from a

pH standpoint to manage S. aureus. In addition, dilute bleach neither improves skin pH

nor eradicates S. aureus from AD skin. Dilute bleach’s beneficial effects may be

comparable to water baths alone. In ex-vivo studies, bleach concentrations of greater

than 0.03% sodium hypochlorite were required to eradicate S. aureus biofilms, but

those levels are cytotoxic to human cells and should not be used clinically. Evidence-

based alternatives to bleach that mitigate S. aureus are desirable.

There is increasing interest in complementary and alternative treatments for

AD, especially apple cider vinegar given its antimicrobial properties. Dilute vinegar

(AA range 0.16% to 0.31%) inhibits ex-vivo growth and biofilm formation of various

human skin pathogens, including S. aureus. ACV’s therapeutic potential for AD

specifically is supported by murine models that, after treatment with topical vinegar

cream (pH 3.5), showed lower eczema scores, increased stratum corneum hydration,
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and decreased transepidermal water loss, compared mice treated with vehicle alone

(pH 5.5).

However, in spite of widespread recommendation of dilute ACV baths by

dermatologists, there is little high-quality data supporting its use for atopic dermatitis.

One small case series showed that vinegar baths with topical treatment improved AD

disease severity. In contrast, a recent small study found that dilute ACV compresses

did not reduce eczematous skin S. aureus burden. Similarly, in our pilot study of 11

AD patients and 11 healthy controls, we showed that dilute ACV soaks did not

improve skin barrier integrity as measured by transepidermal water loss and skin pH,

and caused skin irritation in a majority of subjects. In spite of theoretical and ex-vivo

benefits, the effect of dilute ACV baths on S. aureus colonization and the skin

microbiome are currently unknown.

In this study, we examined the effects of topical dilute ACV soaks on

Staphylococcus aureus abundance, skin bacterial microbiome composition, and skin

bacterial microbiome diversity in AD and healthy skin.

Authors: Thomas L. Dawson, Skin Research Institute Singapore, SINGAPORE

Site:

(https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0252272)

INSIGHT TO LEMONGRASS ESSENTIAL OIL AS PHYTOMEDICINE:

STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES.

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Lemongrass oil (LGO) is extracted from fresh leaves of Cymbopogon citratus

by steam distillation. Chemical constituents of Lemongrass oil are myrcene,

citronellal, geranyl acetate, nerol, geraniol, neral and traces of limonene and citral.

Phytotherapeutic properties of Lemongrass oil are antimicrobial, antipyretic, antiseptic,

astringent, bactericidal, deodorant, febrifuge, fungicidal, nervous system sedative and

tonic. In addition, LGO also revitalizes the body and relieves the symptoms of jetlag,

clears headaches and helps to combat nervous exhaustion and stress-related conditions.

Traditional uses include its potential in severity of respiratory infections such as sore

throats, laryngitis and fever and also conditions like colitis and gastro-enteritis. In this

review, we present the scientific works published till the date. Formulation strategies,

analytical works, bioactivities, toxicology and animal studies have been discussed in

brief in this report.

Cymbopogon is a genus of about 55 species of grasses, of which Cymbopogon

citratus is native to warm temperate and tropical regions of Asia. Lemongrass,

citronella grass, fever grass, tanglad are the common names of Cymbopogon citratus.

Lemongrass is native to India and tropical Asia. It is widely used as a herb in Asian

cuisine. It has a subtle citrus flavor and can be dried and powdered, or used fresh.

Lemongrass oil is used as a pesticide and a preservative. Research shows that

Lemongrass oil has anti-fungal properties. Lemongrass is said to act as a fungicide

when applied topically or to aid in digestion when taken as a tea. It can be purchased in

certain markets or stores that cater to an Asian clientele, as it is used primarily as an

ingredient in Thai cuisine. It is used in high fever, in clotting of blood in case of

injuries. It also has anticancer properties and can be used as a muscle relaxant.
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Methyleugenol as well as many of the compounds present in the West Indian oil

(dipentene, myrcene, methylheptenol, farnesol, n-decanal, guanic acid, and others).

Geraniol-rich strains of East Indian Lemongrass have been reported to yield oils that

contain citral only as a minor component (10–20%), with their major components

being gerianol (35–50%) and methyl eugenol (20%). Another type is reported to

contain no citral at all but has borneol (30%) as one of its major components. East

Indian Lemongrass oil usually contains a slightly higher content of citral than West

Indian Lemongrass oil; it is also more soluble in 70% alcohol than the West Indian oil.

Author: Md. Faiyazuddin, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy,

Integral University,

Site: (http://ajpcrjournal.com/article/Md%20%20Faiyazuddin.pdf)

An overview on urinary tract infections and effective natural remedies.

Urinary tract infections are the most commonly occurred disease in male and

females in 1:8 ratio. It affects people throughout their lifespan. UTIs are caused by

pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella

pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and fungi Candida albicans. Antibiotics can be used to

treat UTIs but it is not the proper solution. The use of antibiotics kills beneficial

bacteria; which are critical components of an optimally functioning immune system.

High rate of antibiotics uses increase resistant bacterial strains and decreases antibiotic

efficiency. Hence it is advised to use antibiotics judiciously. Antimicrobial agents of

nature act as affordable and safe alternative remedy to treat UTIs without increasing
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the risk of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the present study describes the effective

natural remedies to treat UTIs.

Urinary tract infection is defined as presence of microbial pathogens in

the urinary tract with associated symptoms. The infection affects both lower and upper

urinary tracts and is known as acute cystitis and polynephritis respectively. The most

common bacterial infections seen in primary care are predominantly UTIs and then

respiratory tract infections. Urinary tract infection is an infection in any part of our

urinary system like kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. The infection involves the

lower urinary tract, the bladder and urethra. Urine is end product of blood filtration.

The process of blood filtration takes place in the kidneys. Urine that is produced in the

kidney is carried to urinary bladder through the ureters and excreted out of the body

via the urethra. Any infection sees along the ureter, urinary bladder and urethra are

called urinary tract infection. Women are at greater risk of developing a urinary tract

infection than men. It is common among the women of all age groups and the

incidence and prevalence increases with the age. Incidence of infection in females

increases directly with sexual activity and child-bearing. Most of the women will have

a history of incidence of UTI in their lifetime and the risk of occurrence increases in

postmenopausal women.

Author: Sowjanya Pulipati, Puttagunta Srinivasa Babu, M Lakshmi Narasu and

Nagisetty Anusha

Site: (https://www.plantsjournal.com/archives/2017/vol5issue6/PartA/5-6-7-

566.pdf)