Aratilis (Muntingia Calabura) fruits as Diswashing liquid

A Science Investigatory Project Presented to the

Faculty and Staff of

Leonides S. Virata Memorial School

Rio Tuba, Bataraza, Palawan

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirement for Sciene 9

By:

Ruzvi Amor Badilles

John Carl Baldazano

Janmarie Barrameda

Irvin Chou

John Niel Estorco

Carl Janzen Santisteban

Desiree Mae Ventura

October, 2022
page1
 Abstract

The goal of this study is to investigate how well the organic dishwashing
liquid.dishwashing liquid is a concentrated liquid that surely cut tough grease
and removes bad smell and food stain effectively in one wash leaving your
utensils, and dishes squeaky clean, and fresh.(Todorovic 2019). Aratilis
contains Vitamin C, Vitamin C plays a role in controlling infections and healing
wounds, and is a powerful antioxidant that can neutralize harmful free radicals.
(Harvard T.H. Chan. 2023). Aratilis contains antibacterial properties. In one
report, the researchers discovered that the methanol extract from leaves and
fruits showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia and Staphylococcus
aureus (Lorraine, B. n.d.)

Chapter 1

Introduction:

The World has become aware of how many germs exist all around us ever since
Antoine Philips Van Leeuwenhoek, the renowned Dutch glassmaker, peered
through his microscope and observed a living thing. Bacteria are present
everywhere, from our dining room table to our terrace chairs’ pillows. Knowing
who created liquid soap is crucial. There are 1.5 million that live on the surface
of our skin. Most organisms are harmless and not visible in our naked eyes,
some are harmful and others are helpful (Wilkinson, P. 2022). The single-celled
organisms known as “protozoa,” also known as “animalcules,” were discovered
by Van Leeuwenhoek. He also build the framework for microbiology and
enhanced the microscope. He overcome all difficulties to become regarded as a
great scientist thanks to his astute observations, perceptiveness, and unequaled
curiosity. He revolutionized biological research by making the world aware of
microscopic life (Explorable.com 2023)

In contrast, bad bacteria acting against our healthy living; therefore Babylonians
were known to be the first to discover soap as early as 2800. Babylonians have
there own making soap “fats boiled with ashes” (a method of making soap).
They discover soap by cooking fatty acids-like the fat rendered from a
slaughtered cow, sheep, or goat-together with water and an alkaline like lye, a
caustic substance derived from wood ashes therefore the result was a greasy and
smelly goop that lifted away dirt and it is mostly used in cleaning wool and
cotton, in textile manufacturer and also medicinally for at least 5000 years.
On August 22, 1865 William Sheppard patented a first ever liquid version soap.
The product was made by dissolving one pound of solid soap in water, and then
adding 100 pounds of ammonia until the liquid thickened to the consistency o
molasses.

Background of the study

Aratilis or aratiles is usually found in endemic countries like Mexico, Bolivia,

and Philippines. According to Gov.ph, trees fruit all-year around but are
especially abundant in the summer. Experts and other researchers have
conducted studies and investigations regarding aratilis. They have found that
there are bunch of products that could make out of aratilis. Furthermore, Aratilis
has been used in Food industry as beverage and sweets. Thus, the researchers
want to explore and have an experiment for the other possible use of aratilis.
This study evaluates and observes the capability of aratilis together with the
mixtured agents to be made as an dishwashing liquid.

Statement of the problem

The study intends to determined the effectiveness of aratilis fruits as

dishwashing liquid of this study. Specially, the study would like to answer the
following questions:

A. How many grams of liquid detergent is needed to remove the stains,

grease, and the likes?

a. 2 grams

b. 3 grams

c. 5grams

B. Does the liquid detergent can effectively remove the following:

a. stains,

b. c.smell

c. grease,
Significant of the study:.

This study aims to know more about the benefits we can get from the fruit
aratiles (sarisas) and what other products we can make out of it; in addition to
this sarisas is still unknown to many people.

This study may benefit the following:

Households - The households may benefit in this study by utilizing the

resulting product of this study.

School - The school may benefit in this study because it can help future
reseachers or student-researchers who wish to conduct a study related to
dishwashing liquid.

Scope and Delimitation:

This study is to focus on Aratilis to be made as an dishwashing liquid. The main

objective is to prove that Aratilis can be an ingredient in making dishwashing
liquid and it will benefit our families. The proposed system limited to provide
other people an alternative dishwashing liquid product which is less expensive,
safer and more effective. Furthermore, the researches conduct this study in
locality of Rio Tuba, Palawan.
Definition of terms

The following words are used in the study are define conceptually and
operationally to help and provide readers to more comprehensible definitions to
better understand the study.

Aratilis- In this study aratilis is being used as fruit extract to our dishwashing
liquis.

Lemon- it is used as anti bacterial by combining it with homemade detergent

and alcohol.

Fragnance- this is a chemical or mixture of chemicals that is added to

dishwashing liquid to give it a pleasant smell.

Alcohol- it is used in the process of DNA extract.

DNA extract- it is a method used to melt the sugar.

Homemade detergent- refers to the researchers made detergent.

Baking soda- it is combine with lemon to made an anti bacterial substance.

Squeezing- it is used to press firmly to remove the liquid.

Mixing-refers to the process of combining a substance to another substance.

Straining- it is used to remove the bits from the liquid.

Boiling- process used to melt the baking soda.

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Related Literature:

Before the soap was discovered , the people around the world only used plain
water with sand and mud as irregular exfoliant, It depends on where you lived
and your financial status, You might have had access to scented oils or waters
that you applied to your body to get rid of dirt and cover odors. Around 2200
BC the ancient Babylonians found a way to improve water's cleaning power,
and like so many great discoveries, it was by accident. Water had been used to
clean cooking utensils that were covered in animal fat and wood ash by
combining the three substances, they inadvertently created the world's first soap.
They achieved that oils and grease would react with alkaline materials like
wood ash and charcoal to generate a basic soapy fluid that would remove dirt
and impurities. The documentary is called " early soap " as 4000 BC in Babylon
and Sumeria. At first, soaps were mainly used to clean clothing and material but
over the years, various cultures all around the world started experimenting with
various kinds of soap,
after they accessed the soap and proper hygiene, proper hygiene became with
the fall of the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty in China, which may have
contributed to the onset of widespread disease and plague in the dark ages.
Hundreds of years later, throughout the Middle Ages, soap was once again
popular. Mediterranean countries like Italy and Spain started incorporating
castile and olive oils into their soaps to lessen their harshness on the skin after
that the four nations France, England, India and China started producing their
own soap to produce their own localized version, each country blended the
popular vegetable or animal fats, such as whale blubber or cattle tallow, with
ash or lye, even while it was still mostly used by the wealthy, the soap gradually
got better, and soon fragrant essential oils were added to take away the animal
or vegetable smell that was present in the majority of soaps at the time after that
the need for soap expanded significantly as people gained a greater
understanding of how disease spread, leading to its widespread production in
the 17th and 18th centuries, following all of that
because traditional soap making materials were in short supply during World
War I, a German scientist by the name of Otto Rohm and his team invented a
new method of producing soap from petroleum byproducts. These soaps were
labeled as "synthetic detergents," and this classification became the norm for
soap manufacturers all over the world. Interestingly enough, many of the
frequently used soaps of today are still categorized as this.
(Tegna. WZDX News 2020)

Additionally, Aratilis and its Hypoglycemic Property Muntingia Calabura, the

sole species in the genus Muntingia, is a flowering plant native to Southern, the
Caribbean, Central America, and western South America south to Peru and
Bolivia.Muntingia calabura, the sole species in the genus, is a flowering plant
native to southern Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and western South
America south to Peru and Bolivia.The tree commonly grows in rural and urban
areas in the Philippines, being low-maintenance adaptable to any terrain. This is
a fast-growing fruit tree, 2 years to be a 3-m tree. After the flowers are
pollinated, the berries are fast-growing. Once they ripen, the flowers start to
bloom again. After one crop of berries is harvested, the plant continues to
flower and produce fruit. The fruit tree will grow for many years. (Boning,
2006)

Therefore the researchers conclude that sort of soap made up of a combination

of surfactants, or compounds used to dissolve the tension between solids, that
froth exceptionally well and are preferred since they don't irritate skin. Dish
soap works so well at removing fats and oils from pots and dishes because of
the unique combination of surfactants it contains. Some varieties of dish soap
also contain rinsing agents, perfumes, or colors, some dish soaps from a few
years ago also included phosphates, which aided in cleaning but posed a risk to
the environment. Phosphates can enter lakes and streams, where they promote
algal blooms that lower the oxygen content of the water. most dish washes
today don't include these phosphates. The antibacterial compound triclosan,
which is present in several dish detergents, may cause issues by impeding the
microbial decomposition of waste at wastewater treatment plants. Check the
product labels to be sure that the dish soap does not contain triclosan or
phosphates before using it for anything, but generally speaking, dish soap is
among the safest household cleaner, dish soap is a fantastic option for many
uses that don't even require washing dishes because of its relatively gentle
nature. Most notably, dish soap has been used to save hundreds of birds who
were severely harmed by ocean oil spills in Louisiana and Alaska. ( Aguirre
2022 )

Related study

Another study claimed that aratilis leaves possess antinociceptive (reducing

sensitivity to pain), anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antipruritic properties,
justifying the folkloric medicinal use.In traditional medicine, its leaves can be
used as an antiseptic, antipruritic and to treat abdominal cramps.

The timber from what is also known as the Jamaican cherry, is reddish-brown.
It is compact, durable and lightweight and can be used for carpentry. It could
also be used as firewood. The bark can be used to produce ropes and fiber for
bark skirts. Due to its ability to grow in poor soil and its effective propagation
by means of bats and birds, it could be used for reforestation projects.

It is a small tree 7–12 metres tall with tiered and slightly drooping branches. It
has serrated leaves 2.5–15 cm long and 1–6.5 cm wide. The flowers are small,
white and slightly malodorous. It gives rise to 1–1.5 cm light red fruit. The fruit
is edible, sweet and juicy, and contains a large number of tiny (0.5 mm) yellow
seeds.
It is a pioneer species that thrives in poor soil, able to tolerate acidic and
alkaline conditions and drought. Its seeds are dispersed by birds and fruit bats. It
is cultivated for its edible fruit, and has become naturalised in some other parts
of the tropics, including southeastern Asia. As a pioneer plant, it could help
condition the soil and make it habitable to other plants. However, it might also
be considered as an invasive species since it might out-compete indigenous
plants.
Do you know what health benefits Aratilis carried?
1. Fights bacteria. It has anti-bacterial properties that can be compared to
standard antibiotics, according to one study. It also seems to have a stronger
polar antibacterial compound.
2. It has flavone contents.
3. It has anti-inflammatory properties.
4. It has cytotoxic flavonoids for anti-cancer properties, including the leaves and
stems.
5. The leaf extract has heart protective properties.
6. The fruit has antioxidants, like flavonoids.

Chapter 3

The Procedure

This inexpensive homemade dishwashing liquid will help us to save money

by getting rid of the scent from the dishes we wash everyday.

These are the following ingredients and method that we used in making the
dishwashing liquid:

Ingredients:

1 cup of homemade detergent

2 tbsp of lemon

2 tbsp alcohol

2 tbsp baking soda

10 pcs aratilis fruits

Method:

1. Combine the baking soda and homemade detergent, the bubbles will become
trapped to form a thick foam in a basin or container.

2. Stir in with the 2 tbsp alcohol and the 2tbsp squeezed lemon. An acid base
reaction occurs, which can be captured using dish soap to form bubbles.

3. Stir together the aratilis mixture with the first mixture after adding them. By
adding them the mixture also contribute to the foaming effect due to its
surfactant properties.

4. After that, get the pan ready to boil the mixture. The heat from boiling could
also cause the mixture to thicken or reduce in volume

5.Filter it to get the non-melting holes out. Prepare your empty bottle
completely cool the contents.

6. Using the funnel, pour the mixture into the bottle.

How to use the product:

First open the funnels, second squeeze the bottle and put two drops in the
sponge.

Chapter 4

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data