Sanchez Mira School of Arts and Trades Senior High

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DEVELOPMENT AND ACCEPTABILITY OF MALUGGAY PULP,

CALAMANSI, AND BAKING SODA AS A CLEANING AGENT

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A Research Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School
Sanchez Mira School of Arts and Trades
Sanchez Mira, Cagayan

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In Partial Fulfilment
Of the Requirements
Practical Research 2
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Ritz Cliera Luna

Mikayla Joy Ballinan
Kyrie

January
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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

The term “cleaning agent” encompasses made with the intention of enhancing the

efficiency of cleaning procedures. Hard surface cleaning compositions (kitchen,

bathroom, floor, general household, and glass cleaning compositions), detergents,

dishwashing ad food cleaning composition, disinfectants, and other similar products are

all examples of cleaning agent. The activities that involve the removal of undesirable

reidues from surface are referred to as “cleaning” in this context. Particularly, these

activities include chemical, mechanical, and thermal cleaning as well as their

combinations.

Malunggay, Moringa oleifera, is known as a “miracle vegetable” because it can

both be eaten and used as a medicine. Therefore, it might be a food with a purpose. In

addition to being useful, this tree plant is also for its flowers, leaves, young pods, and

roots. It originates in India but is now found in other tropical areas; it grows quickly and

easily in almost every backyard in the Philippines when desired.

Malunggay is also known as Nature’s Medicine cabinet because it contains

omega-3 fatty acids, chlorophyll, 90 nutrients, 46 antioxidants, 36 anti-bacterial, anti-

aging, and other properties that control bad cholesterol. The cholesterol enzyme, among

other amino acids, can be found in its leaves.

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Calamansi or Philippine lime (Citrofortunella macrocarpa) is an important crop

for local economic in Hainan Island. There is no study about Calamansi germplasm

evaluation and cultivar development. In this study, Calamansi data were collected from

151 of Calamansi seedling trees, and 37 phenotypic traits were analyzed to investigate

their genetic diversities. The cluster analysis and principal component analysis were

conducted aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the Calamansi genetic improvement.

The results of the diversity analysis revealed: (1) the diversity indexes for qualitative

traits were ranged from 0.46–1.39, and the traits with the highest genetic diversity level

were fruit shaped and pulp colored (H′ > 1.20); and the diversity indexes for quantitative

traits ranged from 0.67–2.10, with the exception of a lower in fruit juice rate (1.08) and

lower in number of petals (0.67). (2) The clustering analysis of phenotypic traits have

arranged the samples into 4 categories: the first group characterized by fewer flesh

Segment number per fruit (SNF) and more Oil cell number (OCN); the second group had

7 samples, all characterized with larger Crown breadth (CB), higher Yield per tree (YPT),

the lager leaf, the higher Ascorbic acid (AA), and less Seed number per fruit (SNPF); the

third group had 25 samples characterized by smaller Tree foot diameter (TFD),smaller

Fruit shape index (FSI) and higher Total soluble solids (TSS) contain; the fourth group

had 87 samples, they were characterized by shorter Petiole length (PEL), larger fruit,

higher Juice ratio (JR), multiple Stamen number (SN) and longer Pistil length (PIL). (3)

The principal component analysis showed the values of the first 9 major components

characteristic vectors were all greater than 3, the cumulative contribution rate reach
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72.20%, including the traits of single fruit weight, fruit diameter, tree height, tree canopy

width etc. Finally, based on the comprehensive main component value of all samples, the

Calamansi individuals with higher testing scores were selected for further observation.

This study concludes that Calamansi seedling populations in the Hainan Island holds

great genetic diversity in varies traits, and can be useful for the Calamansi variety

improvements.

In 3500 BC, ancient Egyptians use natron (primarily comprised of sodium

carbonate) as a soap-like cleaning agent. They also used it to make mummies. In 1843,

Alfred Bird, a British chemist, made the first version of baking powder to help his wife,

who was allergic to yeast. In 1846 the Arm & Hammer brand is created and the iconic

logo that exists today (which represents Vulcan, the Roman god of fire and

metalworking) is introduced in 1867. In 1970, Arm & Hammer is the sole sponsor of the

very first Earth Day where baking soda gains attention as an eco-friendly alternative to

chemical cleaners. In 1986, to celebrate the Statue of Liberty’s 100th Birthday, its inner

copper walls are cleaned and restored with baking soda which removes 99 years of grime

and leaves the copper undamaged and completely clean. And my personal favorite, in

2000 the use of baking soda comes full circle as kids begin using baking soda to

mummify things like hot dogs for science projects.

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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the leaves of

malunggay, the calamansi fruit, and the baking soda can effectively remove stains from

homes. This will allow the researchers to determine how common household stains are

affected by malunggay leaves, calamansi fruit, and baking soda. The research study was

created for this reason.

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Conceptual Framework

This study is conducted to determine the acceptability of malunggay pulp

as a cleaning agent.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 5 cups malunggay  Pound the  The level of

leaves malunggay leaves effectiveness of

 Mortar and pestle using mortar and malunggay pulp as a

 5 tsp. water pestle to get the cleaning agent.

 Container extraction from it.

 2 1\2 tsp. baking  Mix the pounded

soda malunggay leaves

with baking soda

and then water.

 After mixing place

the mixture in

container

PUT ARROW BETWEEN THE BOXES……

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Statement of the Problem

Generally, this study is aimed to determine the effectiveness of malunggay

(Moringa oleifera) leaves on common household stains

Specifically, the study seeks to answer the acceptability of the ointment on the

parameters below:

1. What is the level of acceptability OF…………... in terms of:

a. Appearance

b. Scent

c. Texture

2. Is there a significant difference between malunggay, calamansi cleaning agent and

commercial cleaning agent?

3. Cost of Production

Significance of the study

This research study can contribute an idea to young minds (specially the students)

in creating new alternative cleaning agents derives from any abundant plants. Research

studies like this develops the value of resourcefulness and open-mindedness to young

researchers and it landed on the right abundant plant, this will serve as an everyday use to

clean common household stains

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Housekeepers -the result of this study will raise the housekeeper’s knowledge

about the benefits of using Malunggay pulp, baking soda as a component in cleaning

agent making and it will help reduce problem for the environment.

Community -this study will be important, due to its easily available for

production concerned for the community growth.

CONSUMERS……...

STUDENTS……

RESEARCHERS…….

Future researchers- this study may serve as a basis for other researchers in

conducting or improving similar or related studies.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

The following void hypothesis has been set for this study:

On this basis of the problem of the study, the following hypothesis are;

1. Malunggay can be effective cleaning agent on common household stains.

ACCEPTABILITY…………

2.There is no significant difference between the Malunggay cleaning agent and

other cleaning agent.

3…………
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SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study focus and limited only on the development and acceptability of

Malunggay Pulp, Calamansi, and Baking soda as a Cleaning Agent.

This study determines the sensory properties of the product in terms of its texture,

scent, and appearance.

Stained bathroom was used to determine the effectiveness of Malunggay Pulp,

Calamansi, and Baking soda as a cleaning agent.

It also determined how the bathroom stains will react to the product.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Cleaning Agent - Substances (usually liquids, powders, sprays, or granules) used

to remove dirt, including dust, stains, bad smells, and clutter on surfaces.

Malunggay (Moringa Oleifera) - Is a plant that is often called the drumstick

tree, the miracle tree, the ben oil tree, or the horseradish tree.

Baking Soda – Also known as “Sodium Bicarbonate” is a leavening agent used in

baked goods like cakes, muffins, and cookies.

Calamansi - Is extremely rich in vitamin C, which is known to be a number one

nutrient in fighting viruses and retaining iron. It's also rich in vitamin A, calcium, and

potassium.
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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies, which has

bearing in the proposed study. They serve as fundamental background in the conduct of

the study. (Retain this statement)

(gawing thematic literature ito, you can start with an intro)

This are just few of the sample researches we have search and paraphrase that have

a similar topic or point of view with our research study.

Banana Plant/Herb

Banana is a tree-like perennial herb. It is a gigantic herb that springs from an

underground stem, or rhizome, to form a 3-6 meters false trunk. This plant thrives

naturally on deep, loose, and well-drained soil in humid tropical climates (Augustyn et

al., 2020).

The banana plant, Musa paradisiaca, is the world’s largest herbaceous perennial

plant and belongs to the family Musaceae. It is grown for its fleshy, curved banana fruit.

This plant is tall, tropical, and tree-like with a sturdy main pseudo-stem with the leaves

arranged spirally at the top. The leaves are large blades with a pronounced central midrib

and obvious veins. Moreover, it is also referred to as plantains and the cultivated varieties

are derived from ancestors which originated from Malaysian Peninsula, New Guinea, and

South-east Asia (PlantVillage, 2021).

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It originated in the Indo-Malaysian region reaching to Northern Australia. In the

past, it is only known by hearsay in the Mediterranean region in the 3rd century B.C., and

are believed to have been first carried to Europe in the 10 th century A.D. In the 16th

century, Portuguese mariners transported the plant from West African coast to South

America.
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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research methods and procedures that were utilized in

the study. It includes the research design, research locale, sampling design, materials and

equipments of the study, general procedure, data gathering procedure, and cost of

production.

Research Design

The researchers will use… (qualitative design and state if anong choice of type of

qualitative, phenomenology, case study, content analysis, discourse analysis, historical,

etc, then define it)

Research Locale

The study will be conducted in… (saan at explain bakit iyon ang napiling lugar

for study)
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Participant of the Study and Sampling Method

Sabihin dito kung sino ang participants of the study or yung mga ma.iinterview or

maoobserve. Bakit sila ang napili? At paano niyo sila pipiliin ang mga respondents niyo,

at ilan sila na respondents to represent a certain population.

Research Instrument

The researchers will…(explain if interview, observation, interview with observation,

interview with video documentation, focus group discussion, or collection of written

documents, ang inyong gagamitin to gather your data. Then, if interview yan, describe

niyo if ano ang components ng interview guide nyo or yung sets of questions.

Data Gathering Procedure

Sabihin dito yung mga gagawin niyo before, during, after niyo mag interview or

mangalap ng data. Paano kayo mag-ask ng permission? May letter ba of request sa

principal? Sa teachers? Sa barangay officials? Then paano niyo iinform ang respondents

or mga participants? Habang on going ang interview ano ang gagawin? After the

interview ano ang gagawin?

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Data Analysis

The data gathered shall be/will be interpreted through/using/by….Yung coding na

nasa ppt na diniscuss ko, yun ang iexplain dito sa data analysis. Just tell something about

coding, themes, and categories in interpreting data in qualitative research.

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References

Follow the correct format of writing references, nasa module at nasa tinuro ko.

Simpson (2017), Sustainable Textile Innovations: Banana Fibres, Retrieved from

https://fashionunited.uk/news/fashion/sustainable-textile-innovations-banana-fibre/
2017082825623?amp=1
Subagyo, A., Chafidz, A.,(2018),Banana Pseudo-Stem Fiber: Preparation,
Characteristics, and Applications, Retrieved from
https://www.intechopen.com/books/banana-nutrition-function-and-processing-kinetics/
banana-pseudo-stem-fiber-preparation-characteristics-and-applications

Steele, S. (2021),What is banana fibre and how do yo make textiles from it?, Retrieved
from https://www.the-sustainable-fashion-collective.com/2019/06/03/what-is-banana-
fibre-and-how-do-you-make-textile

Venkateshwaran et al.( 2016), A Review on Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer

Composite and It's Applications, Retrieved from
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijps/2015/243947/

Veerabathini, G. (2016), Producing Banana Fiber and Paper from Waste, Retrieved
from https://www.ecoideaz.com/innovative-green-ideas/producing-banana-fiber-and-
paper-from-waste

Townsend, T.(2018), Natural Fibre Demand Rising, Retrieved from

https://cottonanalytics.com
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