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The Effectiveness of Origanum Vulgare (Oregano)

Oil as Homemade Antimicrobial

6 Hand Sanitizer
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3 A Quantitative Research Study

Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School
Sanchez Mira School of Arts and Trades

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Sanchez Mira, Cagayan

_____________________

In Partial Fulfilment
Of the Requirements
In Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion

Lynber Nayle T. Guiang

Maria Fe B. Mahomat
Rose Bee B. Mario

November 2021
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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

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Hand hygiene has been proven to be important in lowering the colonization and

occurrence of infectious illnesses in all groups. Strict hand hygiene is even more

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important for health-care workers (HCW) since unclean hands may aid in the

transmission of microorganisms from patient to patient, leading to increased morbidity,

mortality, and costs associated with healthcare-associated infections (HCAI). Alcohol-

based hand sanitizers are increasingly being utilized in hospital settings instead of soap

and water for hand cleansing. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are becoming more popular

due to their simplicity of use, greater availability, and proven efficacy. (Stat Pearls

Publishing, Treasure Island (FL) 2018)

Sanitizers, disinfectants, and cleaning agents are essential for maintaining food

cleanliness and are an important public health precaution. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria

is also a global public health issue. (Journal of food protection, 2019)

According to Amber, Kumar, Marck, and Shivendra et al (2011), many aromatic

spices and herbs have been used in traditional medicine since ancient times due to the

different strong actions of their component.

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Oregano is a Mediterranean herb that has been grown for ages, however it may

now be found on most continents. The spice type sold as oregano in Europe and the

6 United States is Origanum vulgare (also known as Spanish thyme and wild marjoram), a

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member of the Liliaceae plant family. It's used to cure skin sores and ease aching

muscles, as well as acting as an antiseptic. Oregano includes various powerful

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antioxidants that may contribute to preliminary research findings indicating oregano has

cardiovascular and nervous system advantages, soothes inflammatory symptoms, and

modifies blood sugar and lipids. (Singletary K. W. (2010))

As more bacteria strains grow resistant to antibiotics, oregano oil and other

medicinal herbs may become the go-to cure for battling illnesses. Schuetz B, (2016)

Oregano oil, derived from oregano leaves, is said to have antibacterial and

antioxidant properties. Various experts are doing studies on various types of bacteria.

According to the results of the study, it has shown to be effective against bacteria.

The study's main goal is to manufacture and evaluate Origanum vulgare (oregano)

oil for quality and acceptance.

Many studies had already been done on Origanum Vulgare (Oregano) oil, but few
people were aware of its potential as a community product. The researchers decided to
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focus their investigation on Origanum Vulgare (oregano) oil to establish its efficacy and
capabilities.

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6 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

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Generally, this study aims to investigate the feasibility of Oregano’s oil as

homemade antimicrobial hand sanitizer.

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Specifically, it sought to answer the following:

1. The quality of the product in terms of its:

a. Scent

b. Appearance

c. Texture

d. Packaging

2. The acceptability of the product to the;

a. Elementary learners

b. High-school learners

c. Adults

3. Cost of production
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6 Significance of the study

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The researcher had conducted this study to investigate the antimicrobial

feasibility of Origanum Vulgare (Oregano) oil. After the study, the researcher could

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provide insights, knowledge, and reference in composing similar research. The researcher

believes the study is deemed significant to the following:

 To the Consumer- Consumers will be able to purchase a low-cost hand sanitizer that

will be made from locally sourced raw materials.

 To the Community- The findings of this study are valuable to the community

because they can provide an additional source of income for families.

 Other Researchers - This study serves as reference and guide to the future researchers

who will conduct the same study.

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6 Scope and Delimitation of the study

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This study will focus on the acceptability and feasibility of Oregano’s Oil in

lowering germs to a safe level.

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The goal of the study is to see how oregano oil works as an antibacterial agent and

how the body reacts to it. The sensory qualities of the product, as well as its overall

acceptability, will also be determined.

During the manufacturing process, the product’s cost will be determined.

To obtain quantitative data, ten respondents were given questioners to examine

the quality of the product, as well as observation.

This study will be conducted in Sta. Cruz, Pamplona, Cagayan Valley.

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Definition of Terms

To have an easy and better understanding for the readers, the researchers defined

6 the following terminologies according to how it is used in this research:

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Origanum Vulgare (oregano) are plants that are used for medicinal purposes.

Oregano’s oil is an oil extracted from oregano leaves.

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Sanitizers and Disinfectant are products used to minimize microbial growth.

Bacteria are organism responsible for spreading diseases.

Efficacy is the ability to produce the desired or intended result of the product.
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Conceptual Framework

The system approach (input –process-output) was used in describing the

6 conceptual framework of the study. As shown in the figure below, the input consists of

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the ingredients and a material to be used in making Origanum Vulgare (oregano) oil

antimicrobial hand sanitizer.

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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Oregano Leaves  Collecting oregano

leaves
 Coconut oil  Drying (Optional) Oregano
 Boiling the oregano
 Jar/Container Hand Sanitizer
leaves
 Pot  Stirring
 Mixing
 Packing
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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

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The literature review of this study, quality, and acceptability of Origanum

Vulgare (Oregano) oil as an anti-microbial hand sanitizer, includes varied scopes to be

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discussed to understand the problem. To better understand the area of concentration for

this literature review, it will give enough information about Oregano. It will examine the

health benefits of oregano oil. It will also examine the properties of oregano. Moreover, it

will discuss related information such as the health benefits of anti-microbial hand

sanitizer.

OREGANO

Oregano (Origanum vulgare), also known as wild marjoram (family Lamiaceae),

is native to North America and originated in the Mediterranean. It has a long history of

use as a food and medicinal plant. Oregano is a perennial herb (up to 80 cm tall) with

dark oval fragrant leaves and spikes of white, pink, or purple flowers.

Oregano was thought to be precious to the Greek goddess Aphrodite and was used

to combat sadness and bring luck in ancient times. Oregano was used as a preservative

and an antidote to poison in ancient Egypt, and Greeks used O. Vulgare herb can be used
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both internally and externally as a fomentation to treat skin irritations and infections,

dropsy, and convulsions, as well as an excellent poison antidote. For generations,

6 traditional Chinese healers have used oregano to treat a variety of ailments. Oregano was

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used for almost everything in Shakespeare's time. It is said to bring good fortune and

health.

- Oregano gives poultry, fish, sauces, eggs, and other dishes a slightly bitter flavor.

This dried herb can also be found in processed foods (alcohol beverages, snack foods,

meat, and milk products). All oregano varieties can be used interchangeably in soups,

herb bread, and tomato dishes. O. Vulgare is also used in perfumes, detergents,

cosmetics, flavorings, soap, and pharmaceuticals as a fragrance component.

(Encyclopedia of Food and Health, 2016)

Oregano includes various powerful antioxidants that may contribute to

preliminary research findings indicating oregano has cardiovascular and nervous system

advantages, soothes inflammation symptoms, and modifies blood sugar and lipids. There

aren't any well-controlled human studies to back up these health claims.(Singletary, Keith

PhD,2010)

OREGANO LEAVES
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The leaves of oregano have a powerful scent as well as a slightly bitter, earthy

flavor. The spice was used to flavor meats, fish, and vegetables in ancient Egypt and

6 Greece."(Christine Ruggeri, CHHC)

3 Polyphenols found in oregano leaves have a strong anti-oxidative effect. Their

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limited stability to external variables such as temperature, light, pH, and moisture, on the

other hand, necessitates an effective encapsulation for bio-active preservation, shelf life

extensions, and long-term release. (Food Hydrocolloids for Health, 2021)

OREGANO OIL

Oregano oil are extracted mainly from the leaf of the plant. It can be extracted

using different type of methods.

Oregano oil, or oil of oregano, is extracted from the leaves of the oregano plant and

has been used in folk medicine for centuries as a deterrent against illness. Today, many

people still use oregano oil to fight infections and the common cold despite its renowned

bitter, unpleasant taste.(WebMD Editorial Contributors,2020)

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

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This chapter presents the research methods and procedures that are utilized in the

study. It includes the research design, research locale, sampling design, materials and

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equipment of the study, treatments of the study, general procedure, data gathering

procedure, cost of production, shelf-life and analysis of data.

Research Design

In order to conduct the study, the researcher applied an experimental research

design. It is generally the most inclusive study method because it establishes different

treatments. A survey was conducted, after the production of Origanum Vulgare

(Oregano) Oil as Homemade Antimicrobial Hand Sanitizer to evaluate how the

respondents rated the product in terms of scent, appearance, texture, and packaging.

Research Locale

This research study was conducted at Sta. Cruz, Pamplona, Cagayan. Sta. Cruz is

a barangay in the municipality of Pamplona, in the province of Cagayan.

Respondents and Sampling Procedure

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The sample design used was complete randomized sampling. The 5-Point Likert

Scale is being used by 50 respondents to evaluate samples of this survey at random and

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- Materials and Equipment of the Study

The materials and equipment used in the study are the following: Oregano leaves

(Dried or Fresh), Coconut oil, Isopropyl Alcohol, Strainer, Pot, Jar (Plastic and Glass),

Plastic Container.

Treatments of the Study

There were two treatments of the study:

T1: Oregano oil + Coconut oil

T2: Oregano oil + Coconut oil + Isopropyl Alcohol

Collecting and Preparing the Materials

The oregano and coconut oil were collected at Sta Cruz, Pamplona, Cagayan.

Securing the Ingredients

The oregano and coconut oil were collected at the researchers' location.
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Securing the Materials

The materials were Strainer, pot, Jar (Plastic and Glass) and Plastic Container.

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Making Oregano Oil:

In making the Origanum Vulgare (Oregano) leaves as oil, the following steps were

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followed:

1. First, chop the oregano leaves and put them in a jar.

2.Second, fill the jar with olive oil, stir well and close the lid of the jar.

3. Third, fill a container with water and bring it to a boil.

4. Fourth, place the jar in this container and let the water boil for another 10

minutes. When you place the jar into the hot water, the oil inside the jar heats up

and releases the natural oil from the oregano leaves.

5. Fifth, remove the jar, shake it, and store it in a dry area for 1-2 weeks. Keep

shaking the jar at least once every day.

6. Sixth, strain the oil into another airtight container and use it as per requirement.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher distributed the various samples to the respondents using the 5-Point

Likert Scale, which is presented in the appendices for the Scent, appearance, texture, and

packaging. The researchers will individually distribute the rating sheet and explain the
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purpose of the study to the participants. The responders will be chosen by the researchers.

After the respondents have completed their responses, the researchers will instantly get the

6 rating sheet.

3 Scent. The fragrance of the product was tested by the respondents using the

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following 5-Point Likert Scale:

Scale Range Descriptive Value

5 4.20 – 5.0 Very Acceptable

4 3.40 – 4.19 Acceptable

3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Acceptable

2 1.80 – 2.59 Slightly Acceptable

1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Acceptable

Appearance. The appearance of the product was tested by the respondents using the

following 5-Point Likert Scale:

Scale Range Descriptive Value

5 4.20 – 5.0 Very Acceptable

4 3.40 – 4.19 Acceptable

3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Acceptable

2 1.80 – 2.59 Slightly Acceptable

1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Acceptable

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Texture. The smoothness of the product was tested by the respondents using the

following 5-Point Likert Scale:

6 Scale Range Descriptive Value

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5 4.20 – 5.0 Very Acceptable

4 3.40 – 4.19 Acceptable

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3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Acceptable

2 1.80 – 2.59 Slightly Acceptable

1 1.00 – 1.79 Not smooth

Packaging. The durability of the product was tested by the respondents using the

following 5-Point Likert Scale:

Scale Range Descriptive Value

5 4.20 – 5.0 Very Acceptable

4 3.40 – 4.19 Acceptable

3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Acceptable

2 1.80 – 2.59 Slightly Acceptable

1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Acceptable

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Analysis of data

The overall aim of this study is to determine which of the two treatments is the

6 most successful. The sensory assessment data will be examined using analysis of variance

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(ANOVA) to evaluate if the treatments differ significantly from one another.