Calamansi Perfume Research Paper

SAINT THERESA COLLEGE OF TANDAG, INC.
Senior High School Department

Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Background of the study
Scent has a lot to do with how people react towards people. Having that
scent makes the person more comfortable with. The problem is, in these
perfumes they may have nice and soothing scents, but they can really have a
bad effect in our environment and even to ourselves because of the chemical
used in making it.
Southeast Asia is the calamansi's native land. Calamansi is a simple plant
to grow. The plant thrives in cool, elevated locations, as well as sandy,
organically rich soils. It may also reduce the cost of perfumes for those who
purchase them. Calamansi has been shown to aid in the treatment of depression
and anxiety. it's also one of the few aromatics that doesn't just mask unpleasant
odors; it completely eliminates them, making essential oil an excellent addition to
cleansing products. Inventing a citrus-scented perfume that is inexpensive, does
not harm our environment or our health, and is made from a resource abundant
in our country is extremely beneficial.
Calamansi, a citrus fruit tree also known as Citrfortunella microcarpa or
calamondin,grows natively in the Philippines. Calamansi trees bear small,
orange-like fruits, dark green foliage and white flowers.The calamansi tree grows
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up to about 25 feet tall at maturity, and it is hardy to U.S. Department of
Agriculture zone 9 and above.
Like most other citrus trees, calamansi grows readily from seed. This is a
reliable propagation method if you cannot find calamansi saplings or cuttings at a
plant nursery.(King,2009)
Calamansi fruit, also known as Calamondin, is a fruit tree native to the
Philippines. It is the most commonly grown backyard tree among the citrus
species in the country.
The purpose of this study is to test the calamansi extract as an alternative
material in making perfumes. This is because calamansi is abundant here in the
Philippines. The Process of making the calamansi perfume has easier and
cheaper steps than making those expensive ones. Inventing a perfume that has
a citrus scent, cheap, doesn’t have a bad effect towards our environment and our
health and is made from something that is abundant in our country is very
helpful.
2
Theoretical Framework
This research aims to develop an perfume that is natural an safe. The
perfume benefits when calamansi extract made into perfume is the main target.
The following theories, concepts, and idea strengthen the researcher's vision.
Calamansi/Calamansi Fruit
Calamansi Extract
Citric Acid
Compound that can be used in making

perfumes
Figure 1.1
A flow chart depicting the potential of the calamansi fruit extract as a
perfume. Calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) is a citrus fruit with a sour taste
that is said to be a cross between mandarin and lime. Citric acid, which is a
common fragrance in perfumes, is present in the fruit extract, as shown in Figure
1.1.
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This compound is also found in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), which is used
in other perfumes. Citric acid, found in calamansi, is an aromatic compound used
in other perfumes. As a result, the researchers decided that using calamansi
would be a good idea because it is abundant in the Philippines and is naturally
cultivated there.Calamansi extract has the potential to be a good alternative to
the harmful chemicals used in perfume production.
In 1937, Mr. H.A. Krebs who is a biochemist in the UK first clarified the
mechanism which human beings ingest food and create energy to maintain life,
that is, the actual state of vivo metabolism. Citric acid is a kind of organic acid
which is contained a lot in plums and lemons. Citric acid is acid taste component
in these fruits. He discovered citric acid played the most important role as a
leading part. This discovery is famous theory of Krebs’s cycle or citric acid cycle
and he received novel prize by it.
Theory of Perfume
Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds,
fixatives and solvents, usually in liquid form, used to give the human body,
animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent. The 1939 Nobel
Laureate for Chemistry, Leopold Ruzicka claimed in 1945 that "right from the
earliest days of scientific chemistry up to the present time perfumes have
substantially contributed to the development of organic
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sdchemistry as regards methods, systematic classification, and theory
(Shyndriayeva, Galina 2015).
The conventional application of pure perfume (parfum extrait) in Western
cultures is at pulse points, such as behind the ears, the nape of the neck, and the
insides of wrists, elbows and knees, so that the pulse point will warm the perfume
and release fragrance continuously. According to perfumer Sophia Grojsman
behind the knees is the ideal point to apply perfume in order that the scent may
rise (Edwards, Michael 2011).
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Profile of respondents in Calamansi extract Efficiency of

terms of: mixed with vodka, Calamansi fruit extract
a. Name (optional) essential oil and ethyl as an alternative
b. Section alcohol in different perfume
c. Sex concentrations
 50 mg/ml
 75 mg/ml
 100mg/ml
Figure 1.2 Schematic Diagram of the Study
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Conceptual Framework
The first frame in the paradigm contains the respondents profile. It shows
the levels of each respondent in terms of name, section, and sex. The second
frame reflects the process in different concentration of calamansi extract mixed
with vodka, essential oil and alcohol. The third frame shows the output which
includes the expected outcome after conducting the study. This includes the
outcome of the product, the determined efficiency of calamansi extract based
perfume. The implications of the finding of the study.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to find the efficacy of calamansi (Citrofortunella
microcarpa) extract as an alternative perfume. Specifically sought to answer the
questions that follows:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Name (Optional)
1.2 Section
1.3 Sex
2. At which concentration of calamansi extract will be the most efficient as
perfume?
a) 50 mg/ml
b) 75 mg/ml
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c) 100 mg/ml
3. How efficient is calamansi extract as an alternative perfume in terms
of:
a) Fragrance
b) Price
4. Is there a significant difference of calamansi as perfume to the
commercial one?
Significance of the Study
The aim of this study is to test the efficiency of Calamansi (Citrofortunella
microcarpa) fruit extract as an alternative ingredient in making perfumes. As a
result, the outcome of this study would benefit the following sectors.
To the community. The study will provide them knowledge that Calamansi
(Citrofortunella microcarpa) fruit extract can be used as a substitute to expensive
perfumes and that it has no harmful impact on the environment. Which is
beneficial to the community as it can be seen anywhere in the Philippines.
To the Farmers. It will give them insights about the uses of Calamansi
(Citrofortunella microcarpa) fruit extract as an alternative perfume. It will expand
the market for Filipino farmers because this enhance their rural economic
development.
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To the future researchers. The aim of this study is to evaluate Calamansi
(Citrofortunella microcarpa) fruit extract as an alternative perfume. The result of
the study will be a new source of information to those researchers with topics
aligned with Calamansi (citrofortunella microcarpa) fruit extract as perfume.
Thus, will help them to expand and improve this field of work.
Scope and Limitation
The aim of the study is to find an alternative perfume that is less
expensive and does not affect the environment. The study is to determine if the
calamansi fruit extract, which is used to make perfume, is better alternative
product in terms of benefits and smell.
This study is to make the production of the calamansi (Citrofortunella
microcarpa) as an alternative perfume. The calamansi were collected at the local
market of Luha, Tandag City, where the scope farmers sell in this area. The
experiment will be conducted at Bag-ong Lungsod, Tandag City and it will be
tested for 2 days to see the result.
The respondents of this study is only limited to Grade 12 Science
Technology Engineering Mathematics strand students due to their convenience
in the time the survey is conducted.
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Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis: Calamansi fruit extract is not a suitable substitute for the
chemicals used in perfume making.
Alternative Hypothesis: Calamansi fruit extract can be used as a natural
alternative to perfume-making chemicals.
Definition of terms
Calamansi- a fruit sour taste typically found in the Philippines.
Citric Acid - Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in citrus fruits. It is a
natural preservative and is also used to add an acidic (sour) taste to foods
and soft drinks.
Extracts - An extract is a substance made by extracting a part of a raw
material, often by using a solvent such as ethanol or water. Extracts may
be sold as tinctures or in powder form.
Fragrance - a pleasant, sweet smell
Perfume- a fragrant liquid typically made from essential oils extracted
from flowers and spices, used to impart a pleasant smell to one's body or
clothes.
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Volatile Aroma - Aromatherapy is the therapeutic use of plant-derived,
aromatic essential oils to promote physical and psychological well-being. It
is sometimes used in combination with massage and other therapeutic
techniques as part of a holistic treatment approach.
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES
This chapter shows the review of the related literature both local and foreign
sources
Foreign
Calamansi’s cultivation is spread throughout Southeast Asia, Central and
North America, India and Hawaii. It is also called Golden Lime, Acid Orange,
Calamondin and Calamonding. It is also known as Kalamansi in the Philippines.
Calamansi is also used as a stain removal. They conducted this research
to protect the hands from the strong chemicals of bleach and to make an
alternative product for removing stains because Calamansi is cheaper. It is
cheap and don’t contain harmful chemicals that may irritate your skin.Calamansi
is also used in medical purposes. In some medical products, Calamansiis used
as a Vitamin C supplement, because it is rich in Vitamin C. Also known to cure
cough and colds because of its Vitamin C. Calamansi leaves can be an herbal
tea that can also be used to cure coughs.

Calamansi is also used as a skin moisturizer, skin whitener or cure for pimples by
rubbing the Calamansi on your skin. It is also used to treat dandruff. Calamansi is
also known to heal wounds and can prevent damage from the eyes.Calamansi
can also clean your body and can also prevent body odor. It is also sometimes
used to clean and disinfect chopping boards. It also prevents decay and
loosening of the teeth, dental caries, toothache, bleeding of the gums and fragility
of bones.
Calamansi is one of the tiniest and cheapest fruit that you will see in the
market. It is a small fruit but it does not reflect the many benefits it can give your
body. This fruit helps in enhancing beauty, helps promote your immune system
and help you lose weight (Yayang, 2014).
Citrus essential oil was well known with various usages in food, beverage,
medicinal and fragrance industry. The present of major compound, limonene had
contributed vastly to the oil’s aroma, antibacterial, anti-fungal and insect repellent
properties. Thus, the quality of Citrus essential oil depends highly on the
composition of limonene present in the essential oil. As such, the effect of hydro
distillation extraction process on the yield and limonene composition of essential
oil extracted from peels of calamansi lime (Citrus microcarpa), key lime (Citrus
aurantifolia) and kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) had been studied and the potential
application of Citrus essential oil as natural aromatic gel was examined in this
research. The Citrus essential oil had been extracted from various Citrus peels
by using hydro distillation method for 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 hours.
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The hydrosol collected was then separated by using dichloromethane and dried
over using anhydrous sodium sulphate. The yield of essential oil collected and
the composition of limonene present in the essential oil had been calculated and
analyzed by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.
The results obtained showed that the extraction time will affect the yield
and limonene composition in Citrus essential oil significantly in hydro distillation
process. Overall, the yield of Citrus essential oil increase with the increasing of
extraction time. This is because the Citrus essential oil can be released from its
oil sacs more easily with the aid of hot water. On the other hand, the limonene
composition decreased with the increasing of extraction time after reaching the
optimum point. This might due to the thermal decomposition of limonene
compound when subjected to heat for long extraction period. Sensory evaluation
had been carried out to evaluate on the natural aromatic gel made. Based on the
results, the criteria of preciseness, intensity and persistence had been rated
above moderate level while the rating for overall acceptability was above the
level of slightly like. Hence, Citrus essential oil had the potential in making natural
aromatic gel which can become a substitute for synthetic air refresher in daily life.
(University Malaysia Pahang, 2014).
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Local
Calamansi, is a sour fruit that resembles a small mandarin, it is also called
calamondin, calamonding, calamandarin, golden lime, Panama orange,
Chinese orange, acid orange. This fruit is indigenous to the Philippines that is
usually used inbeverages, or in sauces to enhance the flavor of food. It is sold
cheap in the market land can be found in residential backyards as ornaments.
Calamansi can be considered as one of the super foods because of the many
health benefits and uses which can be derived from it. Calamansi is a small citrus
fruit, like a small orange, with skin and flesh that are green in color. The pulp of
the lime taste sour, and the fruit contains twice the amount of juice as the yellow,
larger lemon. The juice, as a drink, makes one of the best thirst-quenchers. The
acid content of lime is known to slow down the oxidation of fresh-cut fruits and
vegetables, thus preventing discoloration and acting as preservatives.
Calamansi has several alternative medicinal uses, Like lightens freckles,
good asmouth wash, Cure coughs and expel phlegm, Helpful in dealing with
hangover,prevent and cure Osteoarthritis, Maintains kidney health, great tonic for
the liver,prevent Diabetes, lightens urine color, lowers body cholesterol and as a
perfume. Foreign Calamansi’s cultivation is spread throughout Southeast
Asia, Central and NorthAmerica, India and Hawaii. It is also called Golden Lime,
Acid Orange, Calamondin and Calamonding. It is also known as Calamansi in
the Philippines.
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Calamansi is also used as a stain removal. They conducted this research
to protect the hands from the strong chemicals of bleach and to make an
alternative product for removing stains because Calamansi is cheaper. It is
cheap and don’t contain harmful chemicals that may irritate your skin.
Calamansi is also used in medical purposes. In some medical products,
Calamansi is used as a Vitamin C supplement, because Calamansi is rich in
Vitamin C. It is also known to cure cough and colds because of its Vitamin C.
Calamansi leaves can be anherbal tea that can also be used to cure coughs.
Calamansi is also used as a skin moisturizer, skin whitener or cure for pimples by
rubbing the Calamansi on your skin. It is also used to treat dandruffs. Calamansi
is also known to heal wounds and can prevent damage from the eyes. Calamansi
can also clean your body and can also prevent body odor. It is also sometimes
used to clean and disinfect chopping boards. It also prevents decay and
loosening of the teeth, dental caries, toothache, bleeding of the gums and fragility
of bones.
Calamansi has several alternative medicinal uses, Like lightens freckles,
good as mouth wash, Cure coughs and expel phlegm, Helpful in dealing with
hangover, prevent and cure Osteoarthritis, Maintains kidney health, great tonic
for the liver, prevent Diabetes, lightens urine color, lowers body cholesterol and
as a perfume.
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Insights Gained
Exposure to fragrance chemicals can cause headaches; eye, nose, and
throat irritation; nausea; forgetfulness; loss of coordination; and other respiratory
and/or neurotoxic symptoms. Many fragrance ingredients are respiratory irritants
and sensitizers, which can trigger asthma attacks and aggravate sinus conditions
(Reston, 2017).
The Environmental Working Group (EWG) reports that, while many
popular perfumes, colognes and body sprays contain trace amounts of natural
essences, they also typically contain a dozen or more potentially hazardous
synthetic chemicals, some of which are derived from petroleum.
Calamansi is rarely used in fine fragrance, but when it is, it brings a
dazzling citrus note to fragrant compositions. The Philippines is the only major
producer of calamansi. It is primarily grown for its juice extracts which are
exported to the United States, Japan, South Korea, Canada, and Hong Kong,
among others. Rodeo, Arlan James D. (2016).
The purpose of this study is to test the calamansi extract as an alternative
material in making perfumes. This is because calamansi is abundant here in the
Philippines. Inventing a perfume that has a citrus scent, cheap, doesn’t have a
bad effect towards our environment and our health and is made from something
that is abundant in our country is very helpful.
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Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter deals with the procedures and methods that were used in the
study. This briefly discusses the research design, data gathering procedure, and
the construction of the model.
Research Design
Experimental type of research is conducted in the study. The experimental
method was employed in the study for it aims to know the efficacy of calamansi
extract as an alternative perfume. As stated, applied research is a type of
research that involves seeking new knowledge to the solution of a problem such
as the development of a new system or procedure, new device, or new method in
order to solve the problem. In this type of research, the problem is identified a
new system or new method is applied in order to solve the problem.This study
entitled Calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) fruit extract as an alternative
Perfume is an applied research that aims to use calamansi extract to produce a
new perfume scent.

Research Locale
Figure 1: Tandag City Map showing the sampling site
The locale shows where the researchers will do the survey in
conducting the study. In this study, data were collected at Saint Theresa
College of Tandag, Inc. The school is a religious catholic institution
composed of primary, secondary, and tertiary education. It is located at
Corner Magsaysay and Quezon St., Dagocdoc, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur.
The researchers made a decision to choose this school where the data will
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be collected since the school is convenient, reachable and assessable for
the researchers to conduct the study.
Research Respondents
As suggested by our scope and limitation, the survey subjects of the study
will compose of respondents from the Science Technology Engineering
Mathematics strand's Grade 12 students using the sex; both male and female, to
help provide their own perspective ratings with regards to the feasibility of the
perfume samples. The sampling specifies the group of respondents from a larger
group of respondents to formulate a conclusion regarding the subject matter.
Sex Population Sample size
Male 29 29
Female 37 37
Total 66 66
Population and Sample Size of the Respondents in Terms of Sex.
Since the sampling method uses the purposive convenience sampling, the
researchers have selected 100% of the Grade 12 STEM students of Saint
Theresa College as the population based on sex to participate as the
respondents for the data.
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Research Instrument
This study entitled “Calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) fruit extract as
an alternative Perfume is an applied research. The research instrument of this
study was based on the research problem and made use of the validated
researcher-made questionnaire to gather information and data in response in the
study. The researcher used a database to know at which concentration of
Calamansi extract will be the most efficient as perfume among these three given
volumes (50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml) by entering data into database that
already determined the usage of ingredients and materials to produce an
alternative perfume.
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Instrument Description Uses
It is the main ingredient of

the study in which it also To help the environment by
helps to produce perfume. substituting the
chemicals used in
a perfume by
Calamansi/ Citrofortunella using calamansi
microcarpa
Extract the juice from the

calamansi fruit among Calamansi extract is
these given volumes: rarely used in fine fragrance,
a) 50 mg/ml it brings a dazzling citrus
b) 75 mg/ml note to fragrant
c) 100 mg/ml
compositions.
Calamansi Extrac
A device used for putting Use to measure liquid

liquids into things and for ingredients
taking liquids out,
Syringe
It evaporates the fragrance Will create the base note of

of the perfume changes the fragrance (the longest-
lasting part of the scent).
Essential oil
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A round glass open at the

top, used for holding, Used to prepare medium
separating and mixing amounts of ingredients
Bowl
A spray bottle is a bottle

that can squirt, spray or Use to fill in your mixed
mist fluids. liquids
Clean bottle
The main carrier for

the fragrance oils Alcohol would make the
perfume more pleasant
Ethyl alcohol
The projection of vodka is Used in perfume making

stronger than perfume oils, because they're clear and
allowing you to experience don't have a particularly
the top, middle, and base "boozy" odor.
notes more thoroughly.
Vodka
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Sampling Technique
This study used purposive sampling technique. In purposive sampling, the
sample is formed by the discretion of the judge purely considering the purpose of
study along with the understanding of target audience (Black, K. 2010). The
participants are selected to test the Calamansi perfume. In this technique,
researchers are free to choose the number of respondents.
Date gathering procedures
Phase 1: Preparation of the materials and equipment
The procedures will start with preparing of the materials. The researchers
will need a syringe, bowl, glass, clean spray bottle (to put on the finished
product), calamansi fruit, ethyl alcohol, and vodka.
Phase 2: Collection of calamansi
The researchers will collect calamansi fruit. The fruit purchase at the local
market of Luha, Tandag City.
Phase 3: Extraction of calamansi fruit
The researchers will have to extract the juice from the calamansi fruit. Put
it in a clean glass or bowl. The perfume will make use up to 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml
and 100 mg/ml of calamansi fruit extract.
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Phase 4: Adding the essential oil and vodka
The researchers will have to buy or use essential oil and vodka. The
perfume will have at least 20% of essential oil, and 15% of vodka.
Phase 5: Mixing all the elements
The researchers will mix the extracted juice from the calamansi using the
bowl and syringe with the essential oil, vodka, and ethyl alcohol.
Phase 6: Preparing the finished product
To make it look presentable, the researchers will put the perfume in a
clean spray bottle.
Statistical treatment of Data
The aim of the research is to determine the exact composition of
calamansi fruit extract as a perfume ingredient. Calamansi fruit extract is the
study's independent variable. In this study, there is only one hypothesis, which is
stated in the investigation's chapter. The alternative hypothesis states that
calamansi fruit extract can be used as a natural alternative to perfume-making
chemicals. The null hypothesis states that calamansi fruit extract is not a suitable
substitute for the chemicals used in perfume making.
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The responses for the survey were tallied and tabulated using the following:
1. Weighted mean. The weighted mean involves multiplying each data
point in a set by a value which is determined by some characteristic of
whatever contributed to the data point. Presented with the set of effect
sizes, the researcher could weight each one by the sample size for that
study.
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Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the result of the study scientifically. These are the
supporting details of the different results of the data that was gathered are placed
into tables to present the results logically. Tables are presented accordingly with
further discussion and analysis of the researchers.
The researchers collected the validated-researcher made questionnaire
answered and completed the 66 respondents from Science Technology
Engineering Mathematics strand's Grade 12 students of Saint Theresa College.
The collected data were tallied, presented and analyzed.
Table 1. Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of Sex
Sex Frequency Percentage (%)
Male 29 43.94%
Female 37 56.06%
Total 66 100%
The data shows that the researchers have selected 100% of the Grade 12
STEM students of Saint Theresa College as the population based on sex to
participate as the respondents for the data.
Table 2. Calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) extract as an alternative
perfume (Concentration (A) 50 mg/ml of Calamansi fruit extract ) Male
Indicators WM Description
1. It looks like a perfume. 3.31 Neutral
2. The perfume looks appealing. 2.52 Disagree
3. The Calamansi extract 3.07 Neutral

concentration have a strong
aroma.
4. The calamansi extract 2.79 Neutral

concentration lasts long.
5. I like the fragrance because it 3.52 Agree

has a pleasant smell.
6. I am satisfied with this 3.07 Neutral

product.
7. It irritates my skin. 1.93 Disagree
8. There are harmful effects in 1.41 Strongly Disagree

using calamansi perfume.
9. I am allergic to an ingredient 2.07 Disagree

present in this product.
10. I am not a fan in this type of 2.90 Neutral

fragrance.
Total 2.66 Neutral 28

Table 2 for the male respondents indicates that the product it has a good
fragrance and has a pleasant smell because it gets the highest weighted mean
which is 3.52 or with the verbal interpretation of agree. It simply indicates that the
product satisfies the requirements for commercialized perfumes. The table also
reveals that using the Calamansi perfume has no harmful effects, as shown by
the lowest weighted mean of 1.41 or the verbal meaning of strongly disagree.
perfume (Concentration (A) 50 mg/ml of Calamansi fruit extract ) Female
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1. It looks like a perfume. 2.81 Neutral
2. The perfume looks appealing. 2.76 Neutral
3. The Calamansi extract 2.92 Neutral

concentration have a strong aroma.

5. I like the fragrance because it has 3.00 Neutral

a pleasant smell.
6. I am satisfied with this product. 3.08 Neutral
7. It irritates my skin. 1.41 Strongly Disagree
8. There are harmful effects in using 1.81 Disagree

calamansi perfume.
9. I am allergic to an ingredient 1.38 Strongly Disagree

10. I am not a fan in this type of 2.86 Neutral

fragrance.
Total 2.50 Disagree
Table 3 for the female respondents indicates that the product neither
satisfied nor unsatisfied because it gets the highest weighted mean which is 3.08
or with the verbal interpretation of neutral. It simply indicates that the product
satisfies the requirements for commercialized perfumes. The table also reveals
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that using the Calamansi perfume has no allergic reaction to an ingredient
present in this product as shown by the lowest weighted mean of 1.38 or the
verbal meaning of strongly disagree.
perfume (Concentration (B) 75 mg/ml of Calamansi fruit extract ) Male
1. It looks like a perfume. 3.86 Agree
2. The perfume looks appealing. 4.07 Agree
3. The Calamansi extract 3.86 Agree

4. The calamansi extract 3.45 Agree

5. I like the fragrance because it has 3.86 Agree

a pleasant smell.
6. I am satisfied with this product. 3.93 Agree

calamansi perfume.
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10. I am not a fan in this type of 1.90 Disagree

fragrance.
Total 3.06 Neutral
Table 4 for the male respondents indicates that the perfume appearance
looks appealing because it gets the highest weighted mean which is 4.07 or with
the verbal interpretation of agree. It demonstrates that the perfume is attractive
and meets the criteria for commercialized perfumes. The table also indicates that
the respondents are not allergic to any of the products, as shown by the lowest
weighted mean of 1.83 or the verbal meaning of disagree.
perfume (Concentration (B) 75 mg/ml of Calamansi fruit extract ) Female
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The table 5 for the female respondents indicates that the product looks
like perfume because it gets the highest weighted mean which is 4.11 or with the
verbal interpretation of agree. It simply indicates that the product satisfies the
1. It looks like a perfume. 4.11 Agree
2. The perfume looks appealing. 3.89 Agree
3. The Calamansi extract 3.84 Agree

4. The calamansi extract 3.78 Agree

5. I like the fragrance because it has 2.59 Disagree

a pleasant smell.
6. I am satisfied with this product. 3.84 Agree

calamansi perfume.

10. I am not a fan in this type of 2.24 Disagree

fragrance.
Total 3.07 Neutral
requirements for commercialized perfumes. The table also reveals that using the
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Calamansi perfume has no harmful effects, as shown by the lowest weighted
mean of 2.08 or the verbal meaning of disagree.
perfume (Concentration (C) 100 mg/ml of Calamansi fruit extract ) Male
1. It looks like a perfume. 1.17 Strongly Disagree
2. The perfume looks appealing. 1.10 Strongly Disagree
3. The Calamansi extract 4.45 Strong Agree

4. The calamansi extract 2.24 Disagree

5. I like the fragrance because it has 1.00 Strongly Disagree

a pleasant smell.
6. I am satisfied with this product. 1.00 Strongly Disagree
8. There are harmful effects in using 1.69 Strongly Disagree

calamansi perfume.

10. I am not a fan in this type of 4.83 Strongly Agree

fragrance.
Total 2.17 Disagree 34

The table 6 for the male respondents indicate that the concentration C
does not look like a perfume nor it is appealing with its lowest means which are
1.17 and 1.10 respectively or with the verbal interpretation of strongly disagree. It
does not also satisfy the male respondents. It also reveals that using
concentration C perfume has no harmful effects, as shown by the weighted mean
of 1.69 or with the verbal interpretation of strongly disagree to the statement in
the survey.
perfume (Concentration (C) 100 mg/ml of Calamansi fruit extract ) Female
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The table 7 for the female respondents is similar to that of males' with the
1. It looks like a perfume. 1.22 Strongly Disagree
2. The perfume looks appealing. 1.95 Disagree
3. The Calamansi extract 4.78 Strong Agree


5. I like the fragrance because it has 1.05 Strongly Disagree

a pleasant smell.
6. I am satisfied with this product. 1.78 Strongly Disagree
7. It irritates my skin. 1.03 Strongly Disagree
8. There are harmful effects in using 1.00 Strongly Disagree

calamansi perfume.

10. I am not a fan in this type of 4.70 Strongly Agree

fragrance.
Total 2.12 Disagree
weighted mean of 1.22 or with the verbal interpretation of strongly disagree,
females agreed that the concentration does not look like a perfume. It did not
also pass the quality of commercialized perfumes based on the negative results
of the survey. Just like the other results, Calamansi does not have harmful
36
effects with the weighted mean of 1.00 or with the verbal meaning of strongly
disagree to the statement.
Table 8. Calamansi Perfume to the Community (Male)
1. I will recommend it to my friends 4.86 Strongly Agree

and family.
2. I will be purchasing it if this will be 4.69 Strongly Agree

commercially available.
3. I agree that switching to organic 4.66 Strongly Agree

goods would save people’s money.
4. I think products containing natural 4.83 Strongly Agree

fragrance ingredients are healthier
than those containing synthetic
fragrance ingredients.
5. I spend an average amount of 4.55 Strongly Agree

money to buy fragrances.
6. This would help Filipino farmers 4.59 Strongly Agree

increase their rural economies.
7. Its components are less costly 4.24 Strongly Agree

than those used in other perfumes.
8. It has unique components than 3.97 Agree

those commercialized perfumes.
9. Its price is set for the general 4.52 Strongly Agree

public.
10. It help the community to 4.62 Strongly Agree

promote organic perfumes.
Total 4.55 Strongly Agree
37
Table 9. Calamansi Perfume to the Community (Female)
The table 8 and 9 indicates that the product of Calamansi made perfume
1. I will recommend it to my friends 4.41 Strongly Agree

and family.
2. I will be purchasing it if this will be 4.19 Agree

3. I agree that switching to organic 4.78 Strongly Agree

goods would save people’s money.
4. I think products containing natural 4.32 Strongly Agree

fragrance ingredients are healthier
than those containing synthetic
fragrance ingredients.
5. I spend an average amount of 4.16 Agree

money to buy fragrances.
6. This would help Filipino farmers 4.76 Strongly Agree

increase their rural economies.
7. Its components are less costly 4.59 Strongly Agree

than those used in other perfumes.
8. It has unique components than 3.92 Agree

those commercialized perfumes.
9. Its price is set for the general 4.84 Strongly Agree

public.
10. It help the community to 4.68 Strongly Agree

promote organic perfumes.
Total 4.46 Strongly Agree
was alluring because the outcome proves that it meets the criteria for the
commercialized perfumes. Based on the result, it shows that males got the
38
highest weighted mean which is 4.55 compared to females which only got 4.46.
As far as we can see the Grade 12 Science Technology Engineering
Mathematics students of Saint Theresa College strongly agree to promote our
product to the community.
Scoring
After all the survey questionnaires where answered and retrieved, the
researchers started the data tabulation.
Scale Range Descriptive Category
5 4.21-5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.41-4.20 Agree
3 2.61-3.40 Neutral
2 1.81-2.60 Disagree
1 1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree
39
Chapter 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter discusses the summery of findings, and conclusions taken
from the results of this study. It also provides recommendations drawn from the
conclusions which are deemed significant.
Summary of the Findings
The researchers found the most efficient concentration based on the
knowledge obtained by using validated-researcher made questionnaire.
In order to determine which of the 3 treatment is the most efficient. The
researchers recruit Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics (STEM) students using the sex; both male and female to participate
in the experiment and complete an observation sheet. The results shows that
Concentration B (75 mg/ml) was found to be the most efficient. The participants
prefers Concentration B, which contains 75 mg/ml calamansi extract, 20 mg/ml
essential oil, 25 mg/ml vodka, and 5 mg/ml ethyl alcohol. The participants said
that it has a pleasant fragrance and that it is qualified as a good quality perfume.
According to the participants it has a pleasant fragrance, it qualifies as a high-
quality perfume, and it needs be commercially available as it benefits our
farmers.
Conclusion
On basis of the findings, the following conclusions were driven:
Findings on which concentration will the most efficient and valuable in the
presence of the respondents.
After the experiment, it has been concluded that this base perfume
essence would actually not be attractive by itself and in some cases would be
actually unpleasant. It is too concentrated, so it needs to be diluted and this is
done with Ethyl alcohol, Essential oil, and Vodka. The amount of this perfume is
75 ml in a 100 ml spray bottle, this experiment prove as an alternative perfume.
The researchers found that the most efficient perfume is the second
concentration (B) because it qualifies the participants’ observation with 75 ml of
calamansi extract, 20 ml of essential oil, 15 ml of vodka and 5 ml of ethyl alcohol
that can be suitable for the users.
Recommendations
The findings of the study enable the researchers to draw the following
recommendations:
1. People could use a perfume made of Calamasi extract. Its pleasant scent
has been proven to help alleviate depression and anxiety.
2. Purchasing Calamansi perfume may lessen the expenses of the user.
41
3. The school research administration may encourage students to conduct
further study about benefits and usage of Calamansi extract.
4. Farmers may plant Calamansi so it is accessible whenever it is necessary in
making alternative perfume.
5. Using Calamansi can help soothe and relax when used in things like
aromatherapy.
42
REFERENCES CITED
Calamondin – The Most Versartile Fruit. Retrieved last January 10,
2014,Horticulture, A.(May 31, 2011). http://aggie-
horticulture.tamu.edu/PATIOCITRUS/calamondin.html
Essential Oil in making perfume.Lorenzo, R. (October 25,2013).
http://blog.thecasadelorenzo.com/2013/10/benefits-of-calamansi-essential-
oil.html
Health Benefits of Calamansi. Retrieved last January 7, 2014, Anonymus.(April
2011). http://healthbenefitsofcalamansi.blogspot.com/
Kalamansi. retrieved last January 8, 2014, Apostol,V. (August 2013).
ihttp://www.stuartxchange.com/Kalamansi.html
Medicinal Uses or Benefits of Calamansi. Retrieved last January 12, 2014,
Cathcart, R. III. (May16,2011).
nhttp://calaman-c.weebly.com/1/post/2011/05/medicinal-uses-or-benefits-of-
calamansi.html
Sawamura, M. Citrus Essential Oils: Flavor and Fragrance. John Wiley & Sons.
Copyright
What Are The Chemical Components Of Calamansi Extract. January 5,2014, in
Hayes, M.(December 2009). http://science.blurtit.com/2086939/what-are- the-
chemical-components-of-calamansi-extract.
43
ABSTRACT
Title: Calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) Fruit
Extract as an Alternative Perfume
Adviser: Neil M. Corvera, Lpt
Keywords: Calamansi, Alternative, Perfume, Fragrance
This study aimed to know the efficiency of calamansi as an alternative
perfume. The Process of making the calamansi perfume has easier and cheaper
steps than making those expensive ones. Inventing a perfume that has a citrus
scent, cheap, doesn’t have a bad effect towards our environment and our health
and is made from something that is abundant in our country is very helpful. The
researchers collected the validated-researcher made questionnaire answered
and completed the 66 respondents from Science Technology Engineering
Mathematics strand's Grade 12 students of Saint Theresa College. The collected
data were tallied, presented and analyzed. Results revealed the 43.94% are
male, 56.06% are female and come up with 100%. The data revealed that the
product of Calamansi made perfume was alluring because the outcome proves
that it meets the criteria for the commercialized perfumes. Based on the result, it
shows that males got the highest weighted mean which is 4.55 compared to
females which only got 4.46. As far as we can see the Grade 12 STEM students
strongly agree to promote our product to the community.
iv
CALAMANSI (CITROFORTUNELLA MICROCARPA) FRUIT EXTRACT AS AN
ALTERNATIVE PERFUME
A Research Paper Presented to
The faculty of Senior High School Department
Saint Theresa College of Tandag, Inc.
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the
Specialized Subject
Research Capstone
By:
Angelo John M. Usaraga
John Daniel P. Sanchez
Nina M. Lorono
Precious P. Balmis
Ralph Laurence S. Maratas
May 2021
APPROVAL SHEET
This research entitled “CALAMANSI (CITROFORTUNELLA MICROCARPA)

FRUIT EXTRACT AS AN ALTERNATIVE PERFUME‘’prepared and submitted
by Ralph Laurence S. Maratas, Precious P. Balmis, Nina M. Lorono, John
Daniel P. Sanchez, Angelo John M. Usaraga
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Specialized Subject Research
Capstone has been examined and recommended for the approval and
acceptance.
Neil M. Corvera, Lpt

Research Adviser
Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Specialized Subject

Research Capstoneby the Oral Examination Panel with the grade PASSED.
LORELLE R. GEPULLANO, LPT,MAELT (CAR)

Chairwoman
MARK ESMAEL M. VARQUEZ, LPT ERVIN T. GENERAL, LPT

Member Member
ACCEPTED AND APPROVED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SPECIALIZED SUBJECT RESEARCH
CAPSTONE.
EDITHA R. NOZAL, MAEd

Senior High School Principal
DATE: MAY, 2021

Appendix F
Calamansi (Citrofortunellamicrocarpa) Fruit Extract as an Alternative

Perfume
I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS
Direction: Carefully answer the following by filling only the blank and/or checking
( /) inside the boxes provide.
Name (optional): _________________Section:________Sex:[ ] Male [ ] Female
II. Calamansi (Citrofortunellamicrocarpa) Fruit Extract as an Alternative

Perfume. At which concentration of calamansi extract will be the most efficient
as perfume? 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml
Direction: Please indicate how much the following statements are observed by
putting a check ( / ) on the box that corresponds to your best answer.
LEGEND:
Scale Range Descriptive Category
5 4.21-5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.41-4.20 Agree
3 2.61-3.40 Neutral
2 1.81-2.60 Disagree
1 1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree

Concentration (A) 50 mg/ml of 5 4 3 2 1

Calamansi fruit extract
1. It looks like a perfume.
2. The perfume looks appealing.
3. This Calamansi extract concentration have a

strong aroma.
4. The Calamansi extract concentration lasts

long.
5. I like the fragrance because it has a pleasant

smell.
6. I am satisfied with this product.
7. It irritates my skin.
8. There are harmful effects in using Calamansi

perfume.
9. I am allergic to an ingredient present in this

products.
10. I am not a fan in this type of fragrance.

Concentration (B) 75 mg/ml of 5 4 3 2 1


strong aroma.

long.

smell.

perfume.

products.

Concentration (C) 100 mg/ml of 5 4 3 2 1


strong aroma.

long.

smell.

perfume.

products.

Community 5 4 3 2 1
1. I will recommend it to my friends and family.
2. I will be purchasing it if this will be

3. I agree that switching to organic goods would

save people’s money.
4. I think products containing natural fragrance

ingredients are healthier than those containing
synthetic fragrance ingredients.
5. I spend an average amount of money to buy

fragrances.
6. This would help Filipino farmers increase their

rural economies.
7. Its components are less costly than those

used in other perfumes.
8. It has unique components than those

commercialized perfumes.
9. Its price is set for the general public.
10. It help the community to promote organic

perfumes.
Documentation
The procedures will start with preparing of the materials. The researchers
will need a syringe, bowl, glass, clean spray bottle (to put on the finished
product), calamansi fruit, ethyl alcohol, and vodka.

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SAINT THERESA COLLEGE OF TANDAG, INC.

Senior High School Department

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the study

used in making it.

Southeast Asia is the calamansi's native land. Calamansi is a simple plant

to grow. The plant thrives in cool, elevated locations, as well as sandy,

odors; it completely eliminates them, making essential oil an excellent addition to

cleansing products. Inventing a citrus-scented perfume that is inexpensive, does

in our country is extremely beneficial.

Calamansi, a citrus fruit tree also known as Citrfortunella microcarpa or

calamondin,grows natively in the Philippines. Calamansi trees bear small,

up to about 25 feet tall at maturity, and it is hardy to U.S. Department of

Agriculture zone 9 and above.

reliable propagation method if you cannot find calamansi saplings or cuttings at a

Calamansi fruit, also known as Calamondin, is a fruit tree native to the

species in the country.

The purpose of this study is to test the calamansi extract as an alternative

material in making perfumes. This is because calamansi is abundant here in the

This research aims to develop an perfume that is natural an safe. The

Compound that can be used in making

A flow chart depicting the potential of the calamansi fruit extract as a

perfume. Calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) is a citrus fruit with a sour taste

common fragrance in perfumes, is present in the fruit extract, as shown in Figure

This compound is also found in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), which is used

in other perfumes. Citric acid, found in calamansi, is an aromatic compound used

in other perfumes. As a result, the researchers decided that using calamansi

would be a good idea because it is abundant in the Philippines and is naturally

cultivated there.Calamansi extract has the potential to be a good alternative to

the harmful chemicals used in perfume production.

and he received novel prize by it.

Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds,

earliest days of scientific chemistry up to the present time perfumes have

substantially contributed to the development of organic

sdchemistry as regards methods, systematic classification, and theory

(Shyndriayeva, Galina 2015).

The conventional application of pure perfume (parfum extrait) in Western

and release fragrance continuously. According to perfumer Sophia Grojsman

rise (Edwards, Michael 2011).

Profile of respondents in Calamansi extract Efficiency of

Figure 1.2 Schematic Diagram of the Study

frame reflects the process in different concentration of calamansi extract mixed

outcome of the product, the determined efficiency of calamansi extract based

perfume. The implications of the finding of the study.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to find the efficacy of calamansi (Citrofortunella

microcarpa) extract as an alternative perfume. Specifically sought to answer the

questions that follows:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Name (Optional)

2. At which concentration of calamansi extract will be the most efficient as

3. How efficient is calamansi extract as an alternative perfume in terms

4. Is there a significant difference of calamansi as perfume to the

Significance of the Study

The aim of this study is to test the efficiency of Calamansi (Citrofortunella

microcarpa) fruit extract as an alternative ingredient in making perfumes. As a

(Citrofortunella microcarpa) fruit extract can be used as a substitute to expensive

perfumes and that it has no harmful impact on the environment. Which is

beneficial to the community as it can be seen anywhere in the Philippines.

(Citrofortunella microcarpa) fruit extract as an alternative perfume. It will expand

To the future researchers. The aim of this study is to evaluate Calamansi

(Citrofortunella microcarpa) fruit extract as an alternative perfume. The result of

aligned with Calamansi (citrofortunella microcarpa) fruit extract as perfume.

Scope and Limitation