Light Emitting Diode

(LED)

Dr. Pravin Prajapati

[Associate Professor,
EC Dept, ADIT]

Tuesday, October 19, 2021 chapter 7 :- LED 1

Major required characteristics of
sources
 Small Size
 Minimum distortion and noise
 Should emit light at wavelength where fiber
has low losses
 Capable of simple signal modulation over a
wide BW.
 Must couple sufficient optical power
 Narrow spectral width
 Stable optical output
 Cheap and reliable.

2
 Construction and Operation:-
It consists of an
encapsulated chip
of semiconductor
diode and a
suitable lens. The
length of the anode
terminal is
deliberately made
longer than the
cathode terminal
for identification.

Tuesday, October 19, 2021 chapter 7 :- LED 3

Parts of LED
 Operation:-
 When the diode is made forward biased, the battery supplies
holes into the P region and electrons into the N region. These
holes and electrons supplied by the battery are called as injected
charge carriers. Now injected electrons near the potential barrier
get recombined with the holes which means that the electrons fall
from the higher energy level to the lower energy level.

 When transition occurs energy is radiated out. In case of

ordinary diodes the energy is radiated out in the form of heat. But
in the case of LEDs the photons are radiated out.

Tuesday, October 19, 2021 chapter 7 :- LED 5

Tuesday, October 19, 2021 chapter 7 :- LED 6
Tuesday, October 19, 2021 chapter 7 :- LED 7
Tuesday, October 19, 2021 chapter 7 :- LED 8
LED as Power Indicator
LED Brightness
LED Specification
LED Applications
Blown Fuse Indicator
High Power LED
High Power LED
High Power LED
High Power LED
 Light Bulbs vs LED’s
Light Bulbs LED’s
 Filament  No filament
○ Sudden Failure- ○ Gradual Failure-Intensity
Breaks/Burns down decrease over time

 Recent bulbs last up to two  Last from 50,000 to 100,000

years at ~20 lumens/watt hrs (5-10 yrs)

 Fluorescent tubes last about  Recent LED’s (orange,red)

7500 hrs at ~80 lumens/watt have efficiency of ~100
lumens/watt

 Generate little heat

○ Reduced A/C costs
Tuesday, October 19, 2021 chapter 7 :- LED 19