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Competency

9 Explain the Church in the Philippines and


its grassroots.

The learners in the long run and on their own will be able to commit to live out the values
of the disciples as members of the Church.

At the end of this module, you will be able to:


a. identify the uniqueness of the Philippine Church; and
b. explain the Family as a Domestic Church.

Initial Task
Direction: Draw an image of a Filipino family.
Unlocking of Difficulties

Domestic Church- refers to the family, the smallest body of gathered believers in Christ.
- spouses and children learn how to share Christ's love.
Council- an assembly of bishops and Church leaders who meet to deliberate on matters
of faith and discipline

Enculturation- the adaptation of Christian liturgy to a non-Christian cultural background.

Activating Prior Knowledge

What does the saying that goes “ the family that prays together stays together”, mean?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Scripture Reading: Acts 13:1-4, 13,14; 14:1-7
The First Mission Begins in
Cyprus
Now there were in the church at Antioch prophets and teachers, Barnabas, Simeon who
was called Niger,[a] Lucius of Cyrene, Manaen a lifelong friend of Herod the tetrarch, and
Saul. 2 While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, “Set apart for
me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.” 3 Then after fasting
and praying they laid their hands on them and sent them off. 4 So, being sent out by the
Holy Spirit, they went down to Seleucia, and from there they sailed to Cyprus.
Now at Iconium they entered together into the Jewish synagogue and spoke in such a way
that a great number of both Jews and Greeks believed. 2 But the unbelieving Jews stirred
up the Gentiles and poisoned their minds against the brothers.[a] 3 So they remained for a
long time, speaking boldly for the Lord, who bore witness to the word of his
grace, granting signs and wonders to be done by their hands. 4 But the people of the
city were divided; some sided with the Jews and some with the apostles. 5 When an
attempt was made by both Gentiles and Jews, with their rulers, to mistreat them and to
stone them, 6 they learned of it and fled to Lystra and Derbe, cities of Lycaonia, and to the
surrounding country, 7 and there they continued to preach the gospel.

ASSESSMENT:#1
1. How would you describe the missionary activity of Paul and Barnabas?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. If you were Barnabas or Paul would you accept the mission or task given to you? Why

or why not?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

e
Lecturette

Like Paul and Barnabas, the Church in today’s world is also striving very hard to reach out
to people who are considered as Vatican 11 termed it as the “ unchurched” It is essential
that we have to dig deeper and know how the Second Plenary Council in the Philippines
stresses the need for the Church in the Philippines carry out its missionary mandate, the
need for a new evangelization. The faith that has been spread by the early missionaries
must be translated and felt at the grass root level. The Church must be a helping hand to
those who are suffering, the victims of injustices and the like and must challenge cultures
and structures that demean human dignity, bring newness of life and must be an agent of
change and renewal of their faith and life.

The Church and the Grassroots


The Church: The Filipino Experience in the Light of Second Plenary Council of the
Philippines (PCP II)
Confronted with such calling and the urgency to make the Gospel message relevant to
the lives and circumstances of the Filipino people, the Catholic Church in the Philippines
held its Second Plenary Council in Manila from January 20 to February 17, 1991, attended
by five hundred participants – ordained and lay, and rich poor sectors of society.

Fourfold Dimensions of PCP II


While the Philippines has been so richly blessed with “450 years of Christianity,” we still
find so much reason to persist in our labor in the Lord’s vineyard in view of renewal and
conversion.

The Filipino culture as the context. We observe the increasing gap between the rich and
the poor, the culture of corruption, the need for further formation, the sustenance of
families and communities in and by the Word of God and the need for more vocations in
celibate loving.
The Spirit of the New Evangelization. Thus, we subscribe to Pope John Paul II’s call to
“New Evangelization….in order to revitalize the faith, give a new dynamism to the building
up of the Church, draw near to the unity Christ desires for his disciples and respond to the
expectations of the human person.”
Christ as Focus. We carry such spirit and mission with Christ as the center, transforming
and leading all our efforts towards him. We then seek to enrich the strong Filipino faith in
their “belief, worship and witness.”
Pastoral Orientation. We constantly remain to be pastoral in our orientation: responsive
to the needs and situations of the people, especially the poor and the marginalized in our
society. Rightly, then, the Church fulfills its mission, taking its inspiration from Jesus
himself, to be a Church of the Poor.

The Church of the Poor


Jesus’ preference for the poor was made evident in his public ministry when he called
“the poor to be blessed,’ “frequented the company of those who sought him in their
poverty of spirit, the morally poor and those who were uninstructed in the law,” “showed
his love for children and women…considered “little’ in the society of his time.” and led a
striking life of poverty.
It is from such exemplary life of our Lord that PCP II emphasizes Jesus’ call that “he
wanted his disciples to imitate. In the end, he tells us, our eternal destiny depends on how
we treat the least of his brethren (Mt. 25:40, 45).”
In the Philippines, where “the poverty and the great destitution of the great mass of our
people are only too evident, contrasting sharply with the wealth and luxury of the relatively
few families, the elite top of our social pyramid” and the “power and control are also elitist,
lopsidedly concentrated on established families that tend to perpetuate themselves in
political dynasties,” the call to be the “Church of the Poor” is even made more urgent and
necessary.
Let us not be misled, however, in believing that poverty is desired by God, or think of it
as something desirable. On the contrary, PCP II re-affirms Vatican II’s claim proper to every
person which “teaches that every man has the right to possess a sufficient amount of the
earth’s goods for himself and his family.”

2.2. Church of the Poor Defined


And so we ask ourselves, then: What does it mean to be a “Church of the Poor?”
After a series of communal prayer, reflection and sharing, PCP II came up with striking
insights and objectives that redefined the Filipino Church in its preferential option for the
poor:
The “ Church of the Poor” means a Church that embraces and practices the evangelical
spirit of poverty, which combines detachment from possessions with a profound trust in
the Lord as the sole source of salvation;
It is one whose members and leaders have a special love for the poor…[which] is not an
exclusive or excluding love in such a way that there is no room in a Christian’s heart for
those who are not poor;
It is one where, at the very least the poor are not discriminated against because of their
poverty;
It means that the pastors and other Church leaders will give preferential attention and time
to those who are poor and will generously share of their own resources in order to alleviate
their poverty and make them recognize the love of the Lord for them despite their poverty;
It is one that will be in solidarity with the poor…[and] does all in her power to relieve their
need and in them she strives to serve Christ;
It also means that the Church will not only evangelize the poor, but that the poor in the
Church will themselves become evangelizers;
Pastors and leaders will learn to be with, work with and learn from the poor;
Pastors and leaders of such a “Church of the Poor” will not compete for the most
prosperous parishes or offices and will not ambition for titles and honors;
It is one where the entire community of disciples especially the rich and better off sectors
of the community and its leaders and pastors, will have such a love or preference for the
poor;
It is one that is willing to follow Jesus Christ through poverty and oppression in order to
carry out the work of salvation.
PCP II must have been a life-changing experience for its participants because so much
attention, compassion and love were appropriated for the poor. It gave the Philippine
Church a renewed commitment its vision, it’s deal for all persons-starting from the
hierarchy down to the last person of every Basic Ecclesial Community, which shall be
discuss below.
Basic Ecclesial Community
BEC Defined

PCP II describes Basic Ecclesial Communities:


They are small communities of Christians, usually of families who gather together around
the Word of God and the Eucharist. These communities are united to their pastors but are
ministered to regularly by lay leaders. The members know each other by name and share
not only the Word of God and the Eucharist but also their concerns both material and
spiritual. They have a strong sense of belongingness and responsibility for one another.

In another definition, the late Bishop Francisco F. Claver (2009) states that :
A community of believers at the grassroots level which meets regularly under the
leadership of the lay minister to express their faith in common worship to discern on their
common living of the faith to plan and act on common decisions regarding the life of faith
in community as community.

The Beginning of BEC in the Philippines

The BECs of the Philippines are expressions of the Second Vatican Council’s call for renewal
which was first organized in the island of Mindanao, particularly the Prelature Nullius of
Tagum, considered as the pioneer of BEC building in the year 1930s. It was followed by
the Prelature of Malaybalay in 1971 and the Prelatures of Iligan and Marbel in 1971 and
1974 respectively.
Fe Mendoza (2005) narrates that the priests of the Foreign Mission Society of Quebec
(PME) were responsible for the establishment of Basic Ecclesial Communities. Then, the
Maryknoll missionaries took over. For the Maryknoll Fathers in the 1960s, under the
leadership of Bishop Joseph Reagan, MM of the Prelature Nullius of Tagum (1962s), “the
priorities were building up the Local Church, vocation recruitment for the diocesan clergy
and the development of lay leaders. These priorities converged in the emergency of BECs
in Tagum.”
Gagmay’ng Kristohanong Katilingban (GKK) became the name of each of the local,
organized communities in the Prelature of Tagum where the faithful meet together in
seminars and in the Kasaulogan sa Pulong (Celebration of the Word) under the guidance
of a kaabag or lay minister.
On the other hand, the Jesuits in the Prelature of Bukidnon, with Bishop Claver as its
shepherd , made a great difference in the formation of a “Christian Community in the
Barrio.” And as cited by Fe Mendoza, Bishop Claver writes about such community:
The people meet under the leadership of a trained minister. And they came together not
only for prayer and worship, but also for communal reflection on the Scripture readings of
the day at which invariably the question was. What is the Spirit telling us through the day’s
readings for our life today? And life included every aspect of human and social living, the
spiritual, the moral, the political, the economic, etc. Problems of the community were
looked into, decisions about them hammered out, resources assessed, responsibilities
assigned, all looking the good of the community.

Family as Domestic Church

The family can be seen as a domestic Church in two main ways, as explained in the
bishops’ pastoral letter Marriage: Love and Life in the Divine Plan (pp. 38ff). First, the family
is a community that is nourished by the Church, especially through the Sacraments.
Second, the family is a reflection of the life of the Church. It is called to be a place of faith,
hope and love, just like the larger Church. The love of Christ abides and “grows” in the
family, as Pope Francis said. In the domestic Church, spouses and children learn how to
share Christ’s love. The Catechism of the Catholic Church says, “Here [in the home] one
learns endurance and the joy of work, fraternal love, generous — even repeated —
forgiveness, and above all divine worship in prayer and the offering of one’s life” (no. 1657).
BECs are composed by families. The Church recognizes the essential role of the family
in its evangelizing mission. In line with. PCP II describes the indispensable and essential
role in the life of the Church.
The family is the Church in the home. It is the primary community of Christ’s disciples
whose members are bound together not only by flesh and blood but by the grace and
obedience to the Father’s will… The family plays a vital role in renewing Christian life and
in communities of the Lord’s disciples. The family is where the journey in faith – life is
initiated and guided towards maturity…. Called to reach out to its neighborhood and
beyond, the family becomes the true foundation of Basic Ecclesial Communities.”
Also, the Catechism of the Catholic Church clearly stresses such truth:
The Christian family constitutes a specific revelation and realization of ecclesial
communion and for this reason it can and should be called a domestic church.” It is a
community of faith, hope and charity; it assumes singular importance in the Church, as is
evident in the New Testament.
Every person born comes from and returns to his family. Experience can attest that
every living human being finds and lives in the family as the first school of life and love. It
is in the family that a child is born and welcome with so much smile and anticipation, feels
his/her embrace, receives the tender caress and sweet whisper of love from a mother,
learns the first crawl, the first walk, speaks the first word, hears the first cheers and
applauses, blows the first birthday candle and so many other ”firsts” in the life of every
person. As children grow and develop, the need for sustenance and guidance increased
as they start to be curious and ask question about the world and their surroundings. Their
minds are like tabula rasa (empty tablet) but eager to absorb, knowledge and insight that
will be impressed or given unto them by the family member or parents.

Duties of Parents

Parents stand as crucial instruments for the proper education of their children. The
Catechism of the Catholic Church recognizes that “the fecundity of conjugal love cannot
be reduced solely on the procreation of children, but must extend to their moral education
and their spiritual formation. The right and the duty of parents to educate their children are
the primordial and inalienable.”
Furthermore, the late Pope John Paul II (1990) affirms the essential role of the parents
in the education of their childen; The family environment, enlightened by the parents’
timely teaching represents children’s best preparation for life and thus also for marriage.
The need for greater patience and understanding happen when adolescents are faced
with questions on self-identity and sense of purpose while at the same time confronted
with the lure of mundane ambitions and secularized culture. Hence, all are invited to reflect
on the following teaching:
Parents’ educational activity which at this point [adolescent stage] is expressed above
all in the guiding force of the example and discreet influence of a prudent attitude that
cultivates a deep bond with the young person suitable in form and style to his or her age
and personal characteristics. By dedicating to him or to her sufficient time and attention,
parents can make the young person aware of how much they love them in a which is
faithful , tenacious and respectful of the personality and freedom and always ready to help
and welcome them especially in times in needs.

This lesson, made us realized how blessed are we that our Church is concerned so
much with our pains, struggles and even our triumphs. She is there to guide us through
her teachings found in the documents ( e.g.Vatican II and PCP II). The Church continue
the task and mission mandated by Christ two thousand years ago through her committed
members who strive hard to produce new evangelizers. If we are sincere with our faith in
the Lord Jesus then there no way that we cannot commit ourselves to serve and love our
family which is the Church in the home, the poorest families in the community and the
entire people of God as a whole.
ASSESSMENT # 2 (for E-Modular students, answer the following in the activity sheet)
Explain the following concept in three sentences:
1. Basic Ecclesial Community
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. PCP 11 understanding of being a “Church of the Poor”
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3.The Family as a Domestic Church


______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Final Task

Direction: Recall a situation wherein you consider your family as a true domestic Church.
Act. #3 Write it on the space provided below.

Criteria: for act. 1 & 2

Content …………………………………. 7 pts.


Connection to readings …....….. (3 pts.)
Connection to self experience… (4 pts.)
Neatness ………………………………… 2 pts.
Conciseness ………………………………… 3 pts.
10 pts
Criteria for # 3 Final task
Content ………………………………………………. 7pts.
Conciseness ………………………………………… 3 pts.
10pts.

References:
References / Instructional Materials: Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC)
Kenosis: The life-Giving Sacrifice of Jesus Del Castillo et al, Catechism for the Filipino
Catholic (CFC), Holy Bible, Plenary Council of the Philippines (PCP-II), Enjoying our Life
in the Church Bocar et al, Jesus Christ Roawie Quimba et al.

ONLINE SOURCES
http://wwvatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s1c1a2.htm
http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s1c1a2.htm
https://www.123rf.com/stock-photo/confirmation.html?sti=mv4hk4imxd21upspsc|
https://www.foryourmarriage.org/retreat-pope-francis-day-three-family-domestic-church/
Retrieved 0+10/20/2020
https://www.google.com/search?q=Life+of+the+early+christians+images&rlz Retrieved
07/26/2020
https://www.google.com/search?q=power+of+seeds&tbm=isch&ved Retrieved 07/28/2020

Prepared by:

EVELINDA B. LAZAGA, LPT. MARE ED


Instructor

Checked by:

Raymond W. Dela Cuesta, LPT. MAED


SHS Academic Coordinator

Noted by:

Eleanor C. Aguillon, MAED


SHS Focal Person
Competency
Explain the sacrament as the efficacious sign of the love of God
10 to His people

The learners in the long run and on their own will be able to commit to live out the values
of the disciples as members of the Church.

At the end of this module, you will be able to:


c. explain the sacrament as a sacrament of salvation
d. describe the Family as a Domestic Church

Initial Task
Direction: Explain briefly the images of the following: Choose three out of the seven
sacraments.

1. ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Unlocking of Difficulties
Sacraments- a religious ceremony or ritual regarded as imparting divine grace, such as
baptism, the Eucharist and (in the Roman Catholic and many Orthodox Churches)
penance and the anointing of the sick
Efficacious sign of grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which
divine life is dispensed to us.This means that Christ established them and directed his
Church to make use of the Sacraments. The Church is the caretaker or steward of his
Sacraments an assembly of bishops and Church leaders who meet to deliberate on
matters of faith and discipline.
Transubstantiation- the conversion of the substance of the Eucharistic elements into the
body and blood of Christ at consecration, only the appearances of bread and wine still
remaining.

Activating Prior Knowledge

1. When we say the Church is a sacrament what does it mean?


______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Did Jesus really give the apostles and the Church an explicit and detailed instructions of
the seven sacraments?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Scripture Reading: Matthew 26: 26-28

While they were eating, Jesus took the bread, said the blessing, broke it, and giving this
to His disciples said, ‘take and eat; This is my body.” Then He took the cup, gave thanks,
and gave it to them, saying,” Drink from it, all of you for this is my blood of the covenant,
which will be shed on behalf of many for the forgiveness of sins.

1. What sacrament did Jesus institute when He said this words (Mt. 26: 26-28) to His
apostles? _____________________________

Lecturette

Sacrament Defined
Let us now formally define sacrament as "a sensible sign, instituted Christ in order to give
grace. In a more updated definition, Catechism for the Filipino Catholics clearly states that
sacrament are saving symbolic acts or visible signs, arising from the ministry of Jesus Christ and
continued in, by and for the Church , which when received in faith, fashions us into likeness to
Christ in Paschal Mystery, through the power of the Holy Spirit
The Church as a Sacrament of Salvation

When we hear the word sacrament we usually with the seven ritual sacraments Baptism,
Confirmation or Chrismation, Eucharist, Penance, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, and
Matrimony. But hardly do we realized that the Church too is a sacrament. The Church is
a sacrament because she is the visible and efficacious sign of God’s presence and grace
that brings salvation to humankind. We can better grasp the Church’s nature as sacrament
by understanding how God makes use of finite, tangible and sensible instruments in
communicating in effecting our salvation.

Jesus as the Primordial Sacrament based on the following reasons.

1. As the Source/Originator, Jesus is the one whom all the sacraments are rooted and
from whom they derive their efficacy;
2. As Primary Agent, he is the one who, through the actions and words of the minster
celebrating the various sacraments, baptizes, confirms, forgives, and reconciles, heals,
offers himself in sacrifice, binds in faithful love, and consecrates for service; and 3. 3. As
Goal of all Sacraments, Christ is the perfection toward which our life on earth tends.
Church as the Foundational/Basic Sacrament But how can Christ continue his ministry of
loving, and saving souls if he is no longer physically around? In the communal celebration
of the sacraments, the Church utters the Epiclesis wherein the Church invokes the
presence and power of the Holy Spirit in order to make the signs effective and efficacious
as they are intended to be, and celebrate the redemptive acts of Jesus, thereby making
present and active the person of Jesus Christ and his saving grace to the community. And
it is this sense that the Church is considered as the Foundation/Basic Sacrament.

God the Father

Jesus Christ the Primordial Sacrament

The Church the Basic/Foundational Sacrament

Baptism Confirmation Eucharist Reconciliation Matrimony Holy Order Anointing of the sick

ASSESSMENT:

1. In what way is Jesus the primordial sacrament?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why is the Church considered the foundational or the basic sacrament?


___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

e
Lecturette

The whole liturgical life of the Church revolves around the Eucharistic
sacrifice and the sacraments.29 There are seven sacraments in the Church:
Baptism, Confirmation or Chrismation, Eucharist, Penance, Anointing of the
Sick, Holy Orders, and Matrimony.

THE SACRAMENTS OF SALVATION

Celebrated worthily in faith, the sacraments confer the grace that they signify.48 They
are efficacious because in them Christ himself is at work: it is he who baptizes, he who acts in
his sacraments in order to communicate the grace that each sacrament signifies. The Father
always hears the prayer of his Son's Church which, in the epiclesis of each sacrament,
expresses her faith in the power of the Spirit. As fire transforms into itself everything it
touches, so the Holy Spirit transforms into the divine life whatever is subjected to his power.

This is the meaning of the Church's affirmation49 that the sacraments act ex opere
operato (literally: "by the very fact of the action's being performed"), i.e., by virtue of the
saving work of Christ, accomplished once for all. It follows that "the sacrament is not wrought
by the righteousness of either the celebrant or the recipient, but by the power of God."50 From
the moment that a sacrament is celebrated in accordance with the intention of the Church, the
power of Christ and his Spirit acts in and through it, independently of the personal holiness of
the minister. Nevertheless, the fruits of the sacraments also depend on the disposition of the
one who receives them.

1129The Church affirms that for believers the sacraments of the New Covenant are necessary
for salvation.51 "Sacramental grace" is the grace of the Holy Spirit, given by Christ and proper
to each sacrament. The Spirit heals and transforms those who receive him by conforming
them to the Son of God. The fruit of the sacramental life is that the Spirit of adoption makes
the faithful partakers in the divine nature52 by uniting them in a living union with the only
Son, the Savior.

V. THE SACRAMENTS OF ETERNAL LIFE

The Church celebrates the mystery of her Lord "until he comes," when God will be
"everything to everyone."53 Since the apostolic age the liturgy has been drawn toward its goal
by the Spirit's groaning in the Church: Marana tha!54 The liturgy thus shares in Jesus' desire:
"I have earnestly desired to eat this Passover with you . . . until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of
God."55 In the sacraments of Christ the Church already receives the guarantee of her
inheritance and even now shares in everlasting life, while "awaiting our blessed hope, the
appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Christ Jesus."56 The "Spirit and the Bride
say, 'Come . . . Come, Lord Jesus!'"57 CCC 1127-1130
Assessment

Explain the following concepts in the diagram below:


______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. PCP 11 understanding of being a “Church of the Poor”
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3.The Family as a Domestic Church


______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Criteria:

Content …………………………………. 7 pts.


Connection to readings …....….. (3 pts.)
Connection to self experience… (4 pts.)
Neatness ………………………………… 2 pts.
Conciseness ………………………………… 3 pts.
10 pts

Final task

Conduct a virtual interview of your Church Pastor/ GKK leader, Kaabag or lay minister or
parish Priest about the sacraments. This consists of at least a minimum of five questions

Criteria:

Format ……………………………… 10 pts


Content………………………………..10 pts.
Problem indetification……………… 10 pts
30 pts
References:
References / Instructional Materials: Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC)
Kenosis: The life-Giving Sacrifice of Jesus Del Castillo et al, Catechism for the Filipino
Catholic (CFC), Holy Bible, Plenary Council of the Philippines (PCP-II), Enjoying our Life
in the Church Bocar et al, Jesus Christ Roawie Quimba et al.

ONLINE SOURCES
http://wwvatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s1c1a2.htm
http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s1c1a2.htm
https://www.123rf.com/stock-photo/confirmation.html?sti=mv4hk4imxd21upspsc|
https://www.foryourmarriage.org/retreat-pope-francis-day-three-family-domestic-church/
Retrieved 0+10/20/2020
https://www.google.com/search?q=Life+of+the+early+christians+images&rlz Retrieved
07/26/2020
https://www.google.com/search?q=power+of+seeds&tbm=isch&ved Retrieved 07/28/2020

Prepared by:

EVELINDA B. LAZAGA, LPT. MARE ED


Instructor

Checked by:

Raymond W. Dela Cuesta, LPT. MAED


SHS Academic Coordinator

Noted by:

Eleanor C. Aguillon, MAED


SHS Focal Person

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