NAMA : MUHAMMMAD ADITYA PRANA YOGA

NIT/ABSEN : 56192030042/15
COURSE : TR01B
DOSEN : ASEP MUHAMMAD SOLEH,S.SiT,S.T,M.Pd

8.1 CALCULATION OF LIGHTING FACILITY LOAD

The calculation of the load of a series circuit lighting facility may be done through means of graphs
or mathematically. Various graphs are available, however, they may not give a description of the
rationale for their development and therefore may not be useable for installations other than those
for which the graphs were initially prepared. The preferred method is that of mathematical
calculation.

8.2 SAMPLE CALCULATION

Table 8-4.Conditions

Nominal lamp power P = 45 W + (absen 15) = 60 W

Lamp power tolerance (as per Table 8-1 45  = +8 per cent (1.08 factor)
W)
Current flowing through the series circuit I = 6.6 A

Efficiency of the series transformer  = 0.77 (typical value for a 30/45 W transformer)
Resistivity (copper)  = 1.724 x 10-8 ohm-m @ 20°C
Power for control and monitoring module PM = 7 watts

Secondary lead length LS = 40 m

Secondary lead cross-section AS = 4 mm2 = 4 x 10-6 m2

Quantity of fixtures N = 40

Primary cable length LP = 1 600 m (e.g. length of runway)

Feeder cable distance LF = 1 000 m (two feeds per loop circuit)

Primary cable cross-section area APC= 6 mm2

Feeder cable cross-section area AFC= 6 mm2

 Figure 8-1. Circuit loading

8.4.1 Given the conditions of Table 8-4 and Figure 8-1 above, then follows a calculation of power
requirement:

a) The electrical resistance of a wire would be expected to be greater for a longer wire, less for
a wire of larger cross-sectional area, and would be expected to depend upon the material
out of which the wire is made (resistivity). Thus the resistance can be expressed as

R =  * L/A
where:

R is the electrical resistance of the material (measured in ohms, Ω);

ρ is the static resistivity (measured in ohm metres, Ωm);
L is the length of the piece of material (measured in metres, m);
A is the cross-sectional area of the specimen (measured in square metres, m²).
b) Lamp load

PL = lamp watts * lamp tolerance = 60*1.08 = 64,8 watts

c) Power loss on secondary (low voltage) lead using 4 mm 2

conductor: conductor length = 2 * lead length = 80 m

RS = ρ * 106 * length /area in m2 = 1.724 x 10-8 * 80 m/4
x 10-6 = 0.3448 ohms PS = RS * I2 = 0.3448 ohms * (6.6
amperes)2 = 15.2 watts

d) If the system uses a control and monitoring module, add 7 watts.

e) Total secondary power loss per light unit:

P2 = lamp load + module + lead loss = 64,8 + 7 + 15.2 = 87 watts

f) Secondary loss referred to the primary side:

P1 = P2 / transformer efficiency = 87 / 0.77 = 112.9 watts

g) Power loss in the high-voltage primary and feeder cables:

conductor length = 2 * (feeder length + primary length) = 2 * (1

000 + 1 600 ) = 5 200 m RP = ρ * 106 * length /area in m2 =
1.724 x 10-8 * 5200/6 x 10-6 = 14.9 ohms
PP = RS * I2 = 14.9 ohms * (6.6 amperes)2 = 649.0 watts

h) Total power requirement:

PT = PP + 40 * PS2 = 649.0 + 40 * 112.9 = 5,165 watts = 5.1 kW

i) This may require the selection of a 7.5 kVA constant current regulator.

Constant current regulators according to IEC 61822 are available in sizes

of: 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20,
25 and 30 kVA.