Grammar (입니다 , 은/는)

How to use of some grammars or sentences, differences in the use of particles. In this week we are going
to learn ‘입니다’ and ‘은 or 는’.

1. ~ 입니다.

(Attached to a noun) This is used to describe the subject in a sentence. To make a sentence with a noun,
‘입니다’ has to be attached to the noun.

* ex 1. 저는 김용희입니다. ( I am Kim Yong Hui.)

* ex 2. 저는 미셸입니다. ( I am Michele.)

2. 은/는

(Attached to a noun) It is used to indicate the subject, It is usually attached to a noun being introduced to
indicate that the noun as the subject of the sentence.

When a speaker is introducing his/herself, ‘저는’ is used to indicate that the person is taking about
him/herself. ‘은’ is used after a noun with final consonant and ‘는’ is used after a noun without final
consonant.

① 받침*(Y) + 은

* 학생은

* 선생님은

* 한국은

② 받침(N) + 는
* 저는

* 친구는

* 엄마는

(* 받침 [badchim] : The 받침 is the final consonant at the end of a Korean syllable. The 받침 is written
in the bottom/final position. Conjugation rules will often depend on if there is a 받침 or not. The
consonant in the 받침 position is said to be in the “final position.”)

받침

The 받침 is the final consonant (or consonant cluster) at the end of a Korean syllable. The 받침 is
written in the bottom/final position. Conjugation rules will often depend on if there is a 받침 or not. The
consonant in the 받침 position is said to be in the "final position."

The sound of the jamo may also differ from its original sound if not followed by a vowel.

A sentence example where the 받침 is in red:

Contents

1 Significance

2 Pronunciation: Consonant followed by a vowel

3 Pronunciation: Consonant not followed by a vowel

4 Consonant assimilation

5 Double 받침

6 Exceptions

Significance

The 받침 is important for grammar conjugation. Many grammar pattern's conjugation method depends
on whether it has a 받침 or not, for example the subject markers 가(if there's no 받침) and 이(if there
is a 받침).
Pronunciation: Consonant followed by a vowel

If a consonant in the final position is followed by a vowel, the consonant sound shifts over to the syllable
with the vowel. The only sounds that don't shift over to the next syllable are ㅇ since it is impossible to
begin a syllable with an "ng" sound and ㅎ becomes silent when followed by a vowel. Also when ㅌ is
in the final position and followed by the vowel 이, the sound becomes 치, see ㅌ + 이. Similarly when
ㄷ is in the final position and followed by the vowel 이, the sound becomes 지. See ㄷ + 이.

Pronunciation When Followed By a Vowel

Original Actual Pronunciation Comment

맞아 마자 ㅈ sound shifts over to the next syllable

먹어 머거 ㄱ sound shifts over to the next syllable

집에 지베 ㅂ sound shifts over to the next syllable

좋아 조아 ㅎ sound goes silent if followed by a vowel

놀아 노라 ㄹ sound shifts over to the next syllable, becomes an /ɾ/ sound (flapped /r/) rather than
an /l/ sound.

필요하다 피료하다 ㄹ sound shifts over to the next syllable, becomes an /ɾ/ sound rather
than an /l/ sound.

영어 영어 The ㅇ 받침 sound does not shift over

한국어 한구거 ㄱ sound shifts over to the next syllable

같이 가치 ㅌ + 이 = 치. See ㅌ + 이

굳이 구지 ㄷ + 이 = 지. See ㄷ + 이

졸업 조럽 ㄹ sound shifts over to the next syllable, becomes an /ɾ/ sound rather than a /l/ sound.

십일 시빌 ㅂ sound shifts over to the next syllable

중앙 중앙 The ㅇ 받침 sound does not shift over

Pronunciation: Consonant not followed by a vowel

If a consonant is in the final position and it is not followed by a vowel (meaning it is the last syllable of
the word or followed by another consonant), then it may have a different pronunciation. Notice from the
table below that many characters share the same sound when in the 받침 position. Also note: ㅃ, ㄸ,
and ㅉ can't appear in the final position.
Pronunciation for Consonants in 받침 Position When Not Followed By a Vowel

Letter(s) Pronunciation Comment Examples Audio

ㄱ,ㄲ,ㅋ /k/ The /k/ sound is cut short. 먹다

부엌

깎다

ㅂ,ㅍ /p/ The /p/ sound is cut short. 밥

수업

춥다

높다

ㄹ /l/ sound If ㄹ is followed by a vowel it is a /ɾ/ sound 말

팔다

멀다

알다

ㅇ /ŋ/ sound Normally ㅇ acts as a placeholder for a consonant and makes no sound, only in
the final position does it make a sound. 강

선생

ㄷ, ㅎ,ㅈ,ㅅ,ㅆ,ㅌ,ㅊ /t/ sound 옷

찾다
있다

같다

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Consonant assimilation

When certain consonant sounds meet each other, there are consonant assimilation rules that modify the
standard pronunciation. For a complete set of rules, see the consonant assimilation section.

Examples of Consonant assimilation Rules

Word Actual Pronunciation Consonant assimilation Rule

원래 (Originally) 월래 ㄴ + ㄹ → ㄹ, ㄹ

작년 (Last year) 장년 ㄱ + ㄴ → ㅇ, ㄴ

대학로 (An area in Seoul) 대항노 ㄱ + ㄹ → ㅇ, ㄴ

종로 (Jogno, an area in Seoul) 종노 ㅇ + ㄹ → ㅇ, ㄴ

열 하나 (Eleven) 여라나 ㄹ + ㅎ → ㄹ

행복하다 (To be happy) 행보카다 ㄱ +ㅎ → ㅋ

입학 (School admission) 이팍 ㅂ +ㅎ → ㅍ

그렇지 (That's right) 그러치 ㅎ + ㅈ → ㅊ

곧 할 거야 (I'll do it soon.) 고탈꺼야 ㄷ +ㅎ → ㅌ

Double 받침

It is possible to have two different consonants in the final syllable position (a consonant cluster). Note
when we say double 받침 we are not refering to ㄲ, ㅆ. If the next syllable starts with a vowel, the
sound in the second 받침 position will shift to the next syllable unless it is an ㅎ, in which case the
sound is simply ignored. If the next syllable starts with a consonant, only one of the two 받침
consonants will be pronounced, but the second may assimilate with the following consonant.
Example

Pronunciation for double 받침 when followed by a vowel

Original Actual Pronunciation Comment

얽어 일거 The ㄱ in cluster ㄺ shifts over to the next syllable

없어 업서 The ㅅ in cluster ㅄ shifts over to the next syllable

앉아 안자 The ㅈ in cluster ㄵ shifts over to the next syllable

짧아 짤바 The ㄱ in cluster ㄺ shifts over to the next syllable

싫어 실어 → 시러 ㅎ goes silent when followed by a vowel, ㄹ sound shifts over

괜찮아 괜찬아 → 괜차나 ㅎ goes silent when followed by a vowel

많이 많이 → 마니 ㅎ goes silent when followed by a vowel

핥아 핥아 → 할타 The ㅌ in cluster ㄾ shifts over to the next syllable

굶어 굶어 → 굴머 The ㄹ in cluster ㄻ shifts over to the next syllable

읊어 읊어 → 을퍼 The ㅍ in cluster ㄿ shifts over to the next syllable

However if it is followed by a consonant in the next syllable over, there is no specific rule as to which
sound to pronounce; you must memorize the words individually. The second consonant in the 받침 can
also affect the next syllable if one of the consonant assimilation rules applies. See the picture example.
Pronunciation for double 받침 when followed by a vowel

Original Actual Pronunciation Comment

닭 닥 With the cluster ㄺ, ㄱ gets pronounced

읽다 익따 With the cluster ㄺ, ㄱ gets pronounced. Then ㄱ 받침 + ㄷ makes the ㄷ sound

become a ㄸ sound.

많다 만타 The consonant assimilation rule ㅎ + ㄷ applies, making ㄷ sound become a ㅌ

sound.

없다 업따 With the cluster ㅄ, ㅂ gets pronounced. Then ㅂ 받침 + ㅅ makes the ㄷ sound

become a ㄸ sound.

젊다 점따 With the cluster ㄻ, ㅁ gets pronounced. Then ㅁ 받침 + ㄷ makes the ㄷ sound

become a ㄸ sound.

굶다 굼따 With the cluster ㄻ, ㅁ gets pronounced. Then ㅁ 받침 + ㄷ makes the ㄷ sound

become a ㄸ sound.

짧다 짤따 With the cluster ㄼ, ㅂ gets pronounced. Then ㅂ 받침 + ㄷ makes the ㄷ sound

become a ㄸ sound.

앉다 안따 With the cluster ㄵ, ㄴ gets pronounced. Then ㅈ 받침 + ㄷ makes the ㄷ sound

become a ㄸ sound.

넋 넉 With the cluster ㄳ, ㄱ gets pronounced

여덟 여덜 With the cluster ㄼ, ㄹ gets pronounced

Exceptions

Words like 닭(chicken) when followed by the subject marker 이 and the object marker 을 would
normally have the pronunciation "달기" and "달글" respectively if they followed the normal rules.
However they get pronounced as "다기" and "다글" instead.

for clear click link

( https://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/%EB%B0%9B%EC%B9%A8 )

( https://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/Main_Page )
A variety of Korean greeting expressions

95 comments

Koreans say “안녕하세요 [an nyeong ha seyo]?” while slightly bowing their head when they greet
others.

“안녕하세요?”is used interchangeably to say “Hi, hello, good morning/afternoon/evening”.

You can simply say “안녕?” when you are greeting your friends or a person younger than you.

“안녕하세요?” can be used regardless of the time of the day; it can be used in the morning, afternoon,
or evening.

When you are saying goodbye to a person, you would say “안녕히 가세요 [an nyeong hi ga se yo]” or
“안녕히 계세요 [an nyeong hi gye se yo]”in Korean.

The direct translation of “안녕히 가세요 [an nyeong hi ga se yo]” is “Go well/go in peace” which is a
phrase that is used when you are sending off the other person, and “안녕히 계세요 [an nyeong hi gye
se yo]”is “stay well/stay in peace” which is a phrase that is used when you are the one who is leaving.

When you are wishing your friend or a person younger than you a farewell, you can simply use “안녕”
just as you would when you greet them.

in short

안녕하세요 (Hello)

안녕히가세요 (good bye: when a person leaving)

안녕히계세요 (good bye: when we are leaving)