CONSTRUCTION DETAILING

ARC 407

Presented By
Arc. TUMBA J. KWAGHE, mnia
 What’s BUILDING
It is proper to begin our definitions of the Building from
•The Nigerian National Building Code 2006 edition which states:
A Building shall mean any structure or enclosure of space with a roof
and walls for protection of life and property.

Francis D. K. Ching in Building Construction Illustrated further

explains that a Building is the physical embodiment of a number of
necessarily related coordinated and integrated systems goes ahead
illustrating its construction in various materials and interface with other
component

The Building Design and Construction Handbook, Frederick S. Merritt

(Deceased) Editor, Jonathan T. Ricketts Editor Sixth Edition by
McGraw-HillDescribes it thus: A building is an assemblage that is firmly
attached to the ground and that providestotal or nearly total shelter for
machines, processing equipment, performance ofhuman activities,
storage of human possessions, or any combination of these.
THE BUILDING
The Architect is the master builder, the competent and licensed
professional who is proficient in the art and science of
buildings. The architect designs in accordance with a brief
developed to meet the client’s or owner’s needs and
requirements. The architect further prepares the working
drawings, and provides all information and data necessary for
the construction of the building while satisfying environmental,
public health, welfare, and safety requirements. In the design of
the building, architects are therefore guided by the following
principles:
 The building should be constructed to serve purposes
specified by the client.
 The design should be constructible by known techniques and
with available labor and equipment, within an acceptable time
 The building should be capable of withstanding the elements
and normal usage for a period of time specified by the client.
 Both inside and outside, the building should be visually pleasing.
 No part of the building should pose a hazard to the safety or
health of itsoccupants under normal usage, and the building
should provide for safe evacuationor refuge in emergencies.
 The building should provide the degree of shelter from the
elements and of control of the interior environment—air,
temperature, humidity, light, and acoustics—specified by the
client and not less than the minimums required for safetyand
health of the occupants.
 The building should be constructed to minimize adverse
impact on the environment.
 Operation of the building should consume a minimum of
energy while permittingthe structure to serve its purposes.
 The sum of costs of construction, operation, maintenance,
repair, and anticipated future alterations should be kept within
the limit specified by the client.
 THE BUILDING AS A SYSTEM
A system is an assemblage formed to satisfy specific
objectives and subject to constraints and restrictions and
consisting of two or more components that are interrelated
and compatible, each component being essential to the
required performance of the system.
The building is made up of a number of systems namely:
The Structural System
Sub-structure or Foundation
Super-structure
The Enclosure System
 The roof
 The Exterior walls
 Doors
 Windows
 Internal walls.

Services System
Mechanical and
Electrical Service Systems
 BASIC BUILDING SYSTEMS AND METHODS
OF CONSTRUCTION
THE CONCRETE STRIP
FOOTING & ISOLATED PAD.
 FOUNDATION Shallow or spread
foundations THE CONCRETE STRIP
FOOTING & ISOLATED PAD.

THE MAT AND RAFT

THE FLOATING FOUNDATION

•THE PILE FOUNDATIONS

Deep Foundations
•CAISSON OR DRILLED PIERS
BASIC BUILDING SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF
CONSTRUCTION cont…
•One-Way Slab

•One –Way Joist

Slab
CONCRETE
FLOOR Two –Way Slab

Two –Way Waffle Slab

 FLOOR •TWO-WAY FLAT SLAB

 i. Sub-floor
•TWO-WAY FLAT PLATE
 Ii. Floor covering

•STEEL FLOOR

•TIMBER / WOOD FLOORS

THE ENCLOSURE SYSTEMS OF THE BUILDING
 Systems for Enclosing Buildings. Buildings are
enclosed for privacy, to exclude wind, rain, and
snow from the interior, and to control interior.
 temperature and humidity. A single-enclosure type
of system is one that extends continuously from
the ground to enclose the floor.
 Simple examples are cone-like tepees and dome
igloos.
 A multiple-enclosure type of system consists of a
horizontal or inclined top covering, called a roof ,
and vertical or inclined side enclosures called walls
 THE ROOF
The roof system functions as the primary sheltering
element for the interior spaces of a building. The form
and slope of a roof must be compatible with the type of
roofing—shingles, tiles, or a continuous membrane—used
to shed rainwater and melting snow to a system of drains,
gutters, and downspouts.
 THE WALL SYSTEM
 Walls are the vertical constructions of a building that
enclose, separate, and protect its interior spaces. They
may be load bearing structures of homogeneous or
composite construction designed to support imposed
loads from floors and roofs, or consist of a framework
of columns Exterior
walls
Unit masonry A window
Panel walls Hardware
WALL

Framed walls Doors

Bearing walls
Combination walls
Curtain walls
SYSTEMS FOR ENCLOSING INTERIOR SPACES.
FLOOR-CEILING SYSTEMS.
THE CEILING
INTERIOR WALLS AND PARTITIONS.
WALL FINISHES
DOORS. OPENING
 SERVICES SYSTEM
 Plumbing.
 Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC).
 Lighting.
 Acoustics
 Electric Power and Communication Systems.
VERTICAL-CIRCULATION ELEMENTS.

 A ramp, or sloping floor

 A stairway.
 Escalators, or powered stairs
 Elevators