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HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES

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 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND BATTERY
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Kalagotla Chenchireddy
Assistant professor
Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering College
Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
chenchireddy.kalagotla@gmail.com
G.Bharath
UG student
Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering College
Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Manojyadav41574@gma l.com
Abstract: HEVs are vehicles propelled by more than one
power source such as an engine and electric motor. They
are classified by type and level. Advantages of HEVs are
improved fuel economy, efficiency, and reduced emissions.
The disadvantage of HEVs is cost. The cost aspect may be
offset in years to come due to higher gas prices and
improved HEV technologies. BEVs run only on electric
power stored in the batteries and do not have an engine.
They emit zero emissions from the vehicle and are more
energy efficient than HEVs. However, BEVs must be
charged from a plug, have a shorter driving range, and
expensive batteries. Although some B EVs, such as the
Tesla Model S, have a range as high as 265 miles on a full
charge, most are limited to around 100 miles per charge.
Despite this low range, in a study by the U.S. Department
of Transportation Federal Highway Administration, “100
miles is sufficient for more than 90% of all household
vehicle trips in the United States". Examples of BEVs on
the market today are the Ford Focus EV, Nissan Leaf,
Mitsubishi MiEV, and the Tesla Model S.
Keywords: Hybrid Vehicles, Battery Vehicles, Electrical
Vehicle
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MD.Thanveer
UG student
Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering College
Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Thanveermohammad143@gmail.com
T.Manoj Kumar
UG Student,
Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering College
Hyderabad,Telangana,India.
gbharath0326@gmail.com
I INTR ODUCTION
An electric vehicle is one that operates on an electric motor,
instead of an internal c ombustion engine that generates
power by burning a mix of fuel and gases.
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) augments an electric
vehicle (EV) with a seco nd source of power referred to as
the alternative power unit (APU). A hybrid can achieve the
cruising range and perfor m ance advantages of conventional
vehicles with the low-noise, low-exhaust emissions, and
energy independence benefits of electric vehicles.
Accordingly, the hybrid concept, where the Accordingly,
the hybrid concept, where the Alternative power unit is
used as a second source of energy, is gaining acceptance
and is overcoming some of the problems of Hybrid power
systems were conceived as a way to compensate for
shortfall in battery technology. Because batteries could
supply only enough energy for short trips, an onboard
generator, powered by an internal combustion engine, could
be installed and used for longer trips.
II HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Today's hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are powered by an
internal combustion engine in combination with one or
Vol-6 Issue-1 2022 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396

more electric motors that use energy stored in batteries. It divides energy into
HEVs combine the benefits of high fuel economy and low
tailpipe emissions with the power and range of conventional • Driving Shaft.
vehicles. The most common form of HEV is the hybrid • Generator.
electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and
tractors), buses, boats and aircrafts also exist. • Motor.

Parts of HEV

• Engine
• Electric motor
• Generator
• Battery
• Charger
• Radiator
• Fuel Storage

WORKING PRINCIPLE

Initially the vehicle is propelled by the help of electric Fig.2 hybrid electric vehicle [2]
motor instead of IC engine to avoid IDELING. When
vehicle run and to overcome IDELING condition then the
According to power train configuration Hybrid vehicle are
engine is start. During more acceleration the motor run
two types
combines with IC engines. The generator of the vehicle
comes into action during coasting (do wnfall of vehicle), 1. Parallel Hybrids.
cruising and breaking.
2. Series Hybrids.

A. PARALLEL HYBRIDS
• A parallel Hybri d has both an internal combustion
engine and an electric motor is parallel connected
for more propulsion.
• Here clutch is use because IC takes part for
propulsion of vehicle.
• Electric motor is operating around the city, as well
as in reverse gear, during reverse gear the speed is
limited.
• For more acceleration the electric motor starts
working in parallel with the IC engine to achieve
Fig.1 Electric CAR [1] more power.
• The battery can be recharged during regenerative
breaking, coasting (during downfall) and during
The power split device plays an important role in HYBRID cruising (when the ICE power is higher than the
ELECTRIC VEHICLE, because contain transaxle means required power for propulsion).
(an integral driving axle and differential gear in a motor
vehicle).

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Vol-6 Issue-1 2022
Fig.3 Hybrid Electric CAR [3]
B. SERIES HYBRIDS
• The fuel goes to the engine, but the engine turns a
generator.
• Electric motor is the only means of providing
power to the wheels.
• Then the generator supply power to electric motor
for propulsion of vehicle and some amount of
energy store in battery by inverter.
• The IC engine does not directly power the car.
• When large amounts of power are required motor
consume electricity from both the batteries and the
generator.
III BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE
A battery electric vehicle (BEV), pur e electric vehicle,
only-electric vehicle, fully electric vehicle or all-electric
vehicle is a type of Electric vehicles (EV) that exclusively
uses Chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs,
with no secondary source of propulsion (e.g. hydrogen fuel
cell, internal combustion engine, etc.).Their driving ranges
on a full charge vary widely from about 80 to more than
300 miles, with considerably higher ranged electric cars
coming soon.
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IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396
Fig .4 Battery Electric vehicles [4]
• Electric motor
• Power inverter
• Power Converter
• Battery
• Battery Charger
• Charger Port
WORKING PRINCIPLE
Electric cars function by plugging into a charge point and
taking electricity from the grid. They store the electricity in
rechargeable batteries that power an electric motor, which
turns the wheels. Electric cars accelerate faster than
vehicles with traditional fuel engines – so they feel lighter
to drive.
Fig.5 Electric vehicle [5]
You can charge an electric vehicle by plugging it into a
public charging station or into a home charger. There are
plenty of charging stations around the UK to stay fully
charged while you're out and about. But to get the best deal
for home charging, it's important to get the right EV
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Vol-6 Issue-1 2022 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396

electricity tariff, so you can spend less money charging and dependence on oil and a cleaner, cooler environment. With
save more on your bill. sufficient political will and automaker participation, this
future can arrive in time to address these significant and
ADVANTAGES growing problems. Hybrids can play an important role in
realizing this future, filling the gap between immediate
• Savings
improvements through conventional technology and the long-
• Low emissions term promise of hydrogen fuel cells and alternative fuels.
• Reduced noise pollution Hybrids can help drive passenger vehicle oil consumption
and global warming emissions from cars and trucks. The
• Low maintenance
progress that the electric vehicle industry has seen in recent
• Safe to drive years is not only extremely welcomed, but
• Electric vehicles are easy to driv and quite highly necessary in light of the increasing global
greenhouse gas levels. As demonstrated within the
• Convenience of charging at home economic, social, and environmental analysis sections of
• Renewable electricity tariffs this webpage, the benefits of electric vehicles far surpass
• Better driving experience the costs. The biggest obstacle to the widespread adoption
of electric-powered transportation is cost related, as
• Spacious cabin
gasoline and the vehicles that run on it are readily available,
• More storage convenient, and less costly. As is demonstrated in our
• More convenient timeline, we hope that over the course of the next decade
technological advanceme nts and policy changes will help
• Popularity
ease the transition from traditional fuel powered vehicles.
• Battery life & cost Additionally, the realization and success of this industry
DISADVANTAGES relies heavily on the global population, and it is our hope
• Hybrids are more expensive than Non-hybrids. that through mass marketing and environmental education
programs people will feel incentivized and empowered to
• Hybrids (in regards to a car accident) have a much drive an electric-powered vehicle. Each person can make a
higher risk of exploding because it has a difference, so go electric and help make a difference!
combination of gasoline and ethanol.
REFERENCES
• Sometimes they can be pretty ugly. [1] https://pixabay.com/illustrations/electric-car-gas-
• Parts can be very expensive to repair. stationenvironment-2728131/
• Slower than petrol powered cars. [2] https://afdc.ener gy.gov/vehicles/how-do-hybrid-
• Their batteries need rare metals electric-cars-wor
• There aren’t enough charging points [3] https://www.rese rchgate.net/figure/Constituent-
• You can’t drive as far in an electric car parts-of-a-plugin-hybrid-electric-vehicle-
• Making electric cars creates more emissions 20_fig3_309049006
• Longer recharge time [4] https://www.omazaki.co.id/en/types-of-electric-
• Not suitable for cities, facing shortage of power cars-and-workingprinciples/
• Lower amount of choices [5] https://evduniya.com/ev-global/types-of-batteries-
• Reduction in government grants used-inelectric-vehicles-their-parameters.html
IV CONCLUSION [6] https://images.app.goo.gl/xwaEb1qABLrLDNcP6

A Cooler, Cleaner and More Secure Future The technology [7] https://images.app.goo.gl/z737hjM6YvF9sSSAA
exists to build a future with a significantly lower

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