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Not only for the doors and windows it can be applied to all kind of openings
such as fanlight, glass blocks, etc. we did a sill concreting of 75 mm thick and
a lintel of 100 mm thickness as mentioned in the BOQ. All the procedures are

marking of finishing level.

There was a special amendment in the process of lintel concreting. Because

the roof was very much higher from the ground floor window level we had to
prevent the rain water coming in to the building in rainy seasons. The eaves of
the roof on some sides were only about 1 m thus we have to take measure to
prevent the problem. Initially it was instructed to have a cantilevered sill
concreting and from that separated two walls to be constructed up to the height
of the window and to have a small separated roof for that. But as it includes
many works to be done our engineer assistant neglected the idea. Then the
architectural designer gave another easy idea to have a cantilevered lintel
extending outside of the building to overcome the problem. We did that as a
slab concreting and had r/f as well for the structure. Also we gave acro jacks
as supports to prevent settlings.

2.3.2.6. Fixing of Doors and Windows Frames

The door window frames should be

fixed along with the wall
construction because to have a
strong enough bonding between
walls and the frames. Unless we do
this then it will result in demolition
of some brickworks or cracking on
it. In our building we had different
types of door window frames; most
of them with timber louvers.

Figure 2.33 Door Windows Fixing

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Initially we have to give adequate provisions for the door and window frames. At
the site we gave provisions more than the frame sizes to make sure that the header
rames
were fixed at one elevation. We marked it on the top height of the frame. Then
using thread line along the marked level we fixed every frame in that line. Finally
we checked the verticality using the plumb-up adjusted them according to that.
We used
wall fasteners as well to fix it with the brickwork.

2.4. Roof Structures

Roof structures protect us from continuous changes in weather conditions. There were
many kind of roof types are there in our building and also in the university premises.
During our training period we have overcome many types of experiences on the roof
structures. Whenever there was a special type of roofing arrangement within the premises
we are instructed to go and learn the techniques by our engineering assistant.

2.4.1. Introduction
In our building we had 2 roof slabs at the bathroom area and also 2 water tank slabs at
the same area and the living area we had roof beams and on top of that we were
instructed to have sandwiched panel roof. At the training period we finished all the
roof beams and the shuttering and r/f works for the roof slab and beams at bathroom
area. All of the concreting works were done in grade 20 concrete with water reducing
admixture (Rheobuild-1000).

2.4.2. Roof Beams and Slabs

0
and in the pitched direction we had twenty numbers of
225x350 mm beams spanning about 15 m and supported by 4 numbers of columns. In
the perpendicular direction we had 4 beams of same size going on top of the columns.
The procedure for the roof beams was same as normal concreting for the beams and
slab concreting but the only different was the pitch of the roof. According to the pitch
we have to calculate the heights of every column supporting the beam first. Then we
have to do the concreting up to that height. For the shuttering we have to mark the
bottom level according to the calculated height on the columns which are on the both
ends of the beam. Then by tying up a thread line we can have a pitched or a sloped
shuttering then the procedure was similar to the beams shuttering.

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We faced some problems in concreting the

concreting in ground floor and lift it using

hoist as it hardens on the way it lifted and also
it had to be lifted again to the roof level

scaffolding arrangement. So we lift the

required materials to the 2nd floor using hoist
and mix them on that floor and again lifted
manually to the roof level. The procedure for
concreting all the roof beams took about more
than 1 month.
Figure 2.34 Shuttering Roof Beams

The roof slab was located at the bathroom area only. There
differences to the normal slab and beams concreting. The only different we had in that
roof slab was to reach the water tank area we had a steel ladder so that we have to
provide a hole like a duct and on top of that we have to provide a brickwork and a
door as well.

Within the university premises there was an auditorium renovation building for the
Faculty of Arts in progress. We were instructed to see the fixing arrangements of the
pinned and roller support arrangement in the field. They provided some different
techniques for the roller support as illustrated in the drawing.

Figure 2.35 Welding Roof Truss

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2.4.3. Sandwiched Panel Roof

Figure 2.36 Sample for Sandwiched panel roofing material

The roofing for the living area is to be done by sandwiched panel roofing material and
it was subcontracted to a roofing company and during our training period they visited
our site and provided a sample as well for the sandwiched panel. That sample of the
sandwiched panel contained a heat insulation material in between two high tensile
base metal coated with AZ 100 zinc aluminum alloy (illustrated in their leaflets) for
the purpose of long term use. The insulation material was polyurethane rigid foam.

2.5. Plumbing Works

It is important to have proper
plumbing arrangements to a building.
The training period was very helpful
to study the plumbing networks and
how to execute a plumbing drawing at
the site. As the site was a hostel
building for 200 male students the
usage would be very high and the
facilities should be properly designed
and executed. I have learned many
things during this training period.
Figure 2.37 Plumbing Fitting Terminology

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Plumbing works includes supply of water as well as disposal of waste water. For supply
we have used 1000 type of PVC pipes of different diameters as per drawings. We need
not to maintain slopes for supply scheme as it comes under pressure. But for the waste
water disposal we have to maintain slopes as illustrated in the drawings. We used 600
type PVC pipes for this purpose. Most of the time we fixed the pipe network where we
can easily carry out any repairs (such as use of court yard area, using the outside of the
building). It was instructed in the BOQ to have the pipe network 500 mm below the
prepared ground level and sold be concreted on top and bottom. But in the actual case in
nstead we did as digging and compacting that and then fixing as
instructed by our higher officials.

2.5.1. Septic Tanks

Septic tanks are the crude form of waste water treatment plant; generally provided
with two chambers. In our site we had 4 septic tanks altogether in 2 different sizes.
The first chamber had twice the volume of the 2 nd chamber. This idea is to give
sufficient retention time for the waste to digest using anaerobic bacteria. As the result
of the digestion it will produce methane and other gases like H2S. The gases will
produce bad smell so it is important to have proper techniques to prevent these
uncomforted conditions. At the site during our training period we constructed two
septic tanks.

Figure 2.38 Manual Excavation for Septic Tank

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The very first procedure for the septic tank was setting out. A rough setting out would
be enough because we again have to do the setting out accurately after the excavation
done. The setting out should include some working space after the excavation. We
gave 1 m each side as working space. Then we did the excavation using backhoe
loader for first septic tank and for the other one we did manual excavation as the

Because of the heavy rain during the past

days the septic tank excavation slopes
became eroded and fell down in to the
bases. So we provided supports to the
excavation slopes by shoring for the 4
sides of the excavation. It was very
difficult to do the shuttering and
concreting because of the raised water

Figure 2.39 Raised Water Table table. So we did a cut trench just away
and below the excavation and dewatered
from that continuously using a
submersible pump.

Then we were in a hurry to do the

setting out and the shuttering procedure
to have an effective dewatering
procedure. For this we did the setting
out on the normal ground level using
Figure 2.40 De-Watering and Shuttering thread lines and using plumb-up we did
the setting out at the excavated level. The
procedure was same as the footing concreting as laying gauge 50 type of polythene,
screed concreting and base concreting. For the base concreting there was a special
attention was considered when emptying the septic tank we have to make sure that all
the suspended solids are sucked. To fulfill this there should be a very tiny slope for
base concreting towards the inspection hole of the septic tank thus we can easily
empty the septic tank through the inspection hole.

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ired depth for the septic

have a smaller slope for the waste water pipe line for the particular septic tank. And
also we raised the provisions provided for the pipe line so that they could be below
ground as well as fulfilling our need also. From that we got the effective height from
it. The septic tanks are to be emptied every 3 years so a small reduction in the height
will result in a higher reduction in capacity. So they will reach the capacity before the
estimated period so that this height different should be taken as a serious problem for
the maintenance.

It was completely a new procedure for us to waterproof the septic tank. The water
proofing was done using a water proofing cement. Initially the grout of the cement
was prepared so that it can be applied on the wall surface. Then we applied it
carefully so that every part of the wall was water tight. It was impossible for us to
water proof in the outside wall of the septic tank as the raised ground water table.
After the water proofing we did the plastering.

For the top slab shuttering of the

septic tank there was a situation

shuttering after concreting if we use

full plywood. For that we used the
plywood as small pieces of 600 mm
width. Then it would be possible
for us to remove the shuttering after
14 days through 600x600 mm
inspection opening.

Figure 2.41 Septic Tank Top Slab Shuttering Arrangements

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2.5.2. Soakage Pits and Oil Traps

Soakage pits are releasing the partially treated black water in to the ground. Every
septic tank should have at least one soakage pit so that we can longer the period of
emptying the septic tank. In our site, every septic tank had individual soakage pit.
Other than this there were about 4 soakage pits for the grey water which collected
from the bathing areas and an additional one for the oil trap located near the kitchen
area. We were in a hurry to finish only the septic tanks before the expected rainy
season as to do the base concreting and as the soakage pits need not to have the base
concrete we postponed the works for the soakage pits for later. But I gained this
knowledge from the drawings. And to encourage the settling and filtering of the water
entering the soakage pit there was a special arrangement in the drawings to have brick
bats at the bottom of the soakage pits.

Oil trap is also a very good arrangement for a building which is expected to have high
usage of kitchen waste water. The kitchen waste water contains many different waste
materials as digestible waste, oil contaminant and etc. So it is important to treat this
waste water as well to have an environmental friendly building. This one
done during our training period but we learned these things from the drawings. It also
had a soakage pit to settle the treated water to the ground.

2.5.3. Inter Connections

The plumbing works were also carried out during the construction period to have a
faster process in the construction procedure. Every plumbing work should be perfectly
connected to if there are any blockages or leakages it should be reached and repaired
properly. So that these inter connections should have that characteristics.

The inter connection are of two types. For the water supply system is one kind and for
waste water removal system is another. For the water supply system, every pipe used
was 1000 type PVC as it comes under pressure. And the below ground pipe
connections should 600 mm below the prepared ground surface level. Most of the
time the below ground pipe network should be reached for the repairing so that we
used the court yard as much as possible for this. This water supply system need not to
be laid with any slopes as it comes under pressure. The service ducts for plumbing
works were very useful for the laying of the pipes for the upper floors.

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For the waste water disposal system, we

have to be careful. A small miscalculation
will cause a big loss in the maintenance or
result in a demolition. Every waste disposal
pipe in the ground should be laid according
to the slopes given in the drawings. It was
about 1:100 and 1:180 most of the time.
Using the leveling instrument we gave
Figure 2.42 A Manhole
instruction to the laborers to fix the slopes
accurately. Here also we have to fix the pipes below 500 mm from the ground and if it
is not possible we have to provide some appropriate covering using concrete.

It is also very important to have manholes in the correct position. Usually the
manholes are fixed at where the bending of pipes occur, where the slopes changes,
and usually once every 12.5 m (12.0 m is the usual pipe length we use). Manholes are
very useful to identify the point of blockage so that it can be repaired as soon as
possible. During this period we learned many terminologies regarding the plumbing
wo

2.6. Scaffolding Arrangements

Scaffolding is a temporary staging to assist bricklayers and other tradesmen to construct a
building. The Scaffolding must be spacious and strong enough to support the men and
materials during construction. There are two types of Scaffolding which are putlog
scaffolding and independent scaffolding.

2.6.1. Putlog scaffoldings

These forms of Scaffolding consist of single raw upright or

standards set away from the wall at a distance which will
accommodate the required width of the working plat form.

calls ledgers and are tied to the building with cross members
called putlogs.

Figure 2.43 A putlog Scaffolding

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The scaffold is erected

as the building rises
and is mostly used for
buildings of the
traditional brick
construction.

Figure 2.44 Scaffolding at Court Yard

2.6.2. Independent scaffolding

Independent Scaffolding has two rows of standards,
which are tied by cross members called transoms.
This form of scaffold does not really upon the
building for support and therefore suitable for use in
conjunction with framed structures. Every scaffold
should be securely tied to the building at intervals of
approximately 3.6m vertically and 6m horizontally.

Figure 2.45 An Independent Scaffolding

Figure 2.46 A Different Support Arrangement Using the Scaffolding

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2.6.3. Scaffold fittings

The major fittings used in metal scaffolding are:

a) Double coupler -The only real load bearing fitting used in scaffolding
and is used to join ledgers to standards
b) Swivel coupler - Composed of two single couplers riveted together so
that it is possible to rotate them and use them for connecting two scaffold
tubes at any angle.

c) Putlog coupler - Used solely for fixing putlogs or transoms to the

horizontal ledgers.

d) Base Plate - A square plate with a central locating spigot used to

distribute the load from the foot of a standard on to a sole plate or firm ground.
Base plated can also be obtained with a threaded spigots and nut for use on
sloping sites to make up variations in levels.

e) Split joint pin - A connection fitting used to joint scaffold tubes end to
end. A center bolt expands the two segments, which grip on the bolt of the
rubes.

f) Reveal pin - Fits into the end of a tube to form an adjustable

structure.

g) Putlog end - A flat plate, which fits on the end of a scaffold tube to
convert it into a putlog.

2.7. Electrical Installations

The main electrical installations in our building were the
lightening protection system installed in our building. It
was a new experience for us. There were 2 types of
installation procedure incurred in that. The first one
installing the system outside of the building and protecting
covers applied up to 2 m height. It was done most of the
building in the premises and also it was costly compared to
the other method.

Figure 2.47 Lightening Protection System

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The other one was installing it within the column along with the r/f arrangement. There
altogether 10 number of individual lightening protection rod illustrated in the drawing.
The rod is made of mild steel and should be welded in the lapping point with a lap of 450
mm along its height. After the installation we have to check for its working condition by
connecting them at first floor level and roof top level so it is important to make the
arrangement properly. Unless we do this we have to do it in outside which is a very costly
method compared to this simple method.

There were separated service ducts for the electrical installations as well to circulate the
wiring inside the building. Most of the conduits were laid inside the building which was
an easy and compatible method for building like this. There was a separated electrical
room for the repairs and other works near by the court yard.

2.8. Landscaping
The landscaping idea for our building came after the construction works started which

benchmark for the existing level of the ground little apart but visible to leveling
instrument. And according to the bench mark we have to do the external earth filling
around the building. We were instructed to fill 150 mm below the DPC level of the
building. The main usage is for the temporary benchmark point is for the billing purposes
of the filling.

We did this using the gravel type II and layer by layer of 300 mm and compacted about
150 mm (approximately) using 5 ton roller. Most of the loader works were done by the
backhoe loader and tractor. We have to give the level for every layer using leveling
instrument (we usually gave an offset level about 300 mm and marking them using thread
lines) and the laborers will execute it according to them. In some instances we need to
check the compaction using sand cone test for the perfect compaction (Ex. Checked
compaction at the area for paving interlock).

During our training period many of the building which undertaken by CECB were
declared opened by the president his Excellency Mahinda Rajapakshe. So we were in a
hurry to finish the landscaping and the finishing works for the buildings to be opened. At
most of the building opened we did the landscaping. It was preparing the external ground

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leveled and laying grass

and water supply
sprinklers at proper
positions. And also we
plant some trees along
with landscaping and
water supply for them as
well. It was instructed to
have the trees as
wish for aesthetic
purposes and to have a
Figure 2.48 Aesthetical View of Landscaping green environment around
the university premises.

2.9. Quality Maintenance

CECB has the ISO standard certificate so that it is important to maintain the quality for an
undertaken project. During our training period the officers from the ISO came to check
the project to maintain the certificate for this year as well. The quality maintaining mainly
includes the safety at the site, proper documentation of the procedure, checking quality of
every components included during the construction, proper management of wastages and
management of site and the store and etc. It was our responsibility to check the and
maintain the quality of the project by taking check lists, instructing to wear safety
equipment, maintaining the site be cleaned, proper documentation in issuing work
materials and etc.

2.9.1. Site safety

The site safety is very much considered in a construction industry compared to other
because the probability to a person to face in an accident is very much higher and also
most of them results in fatal. So we should take it as serious and should provide
proper safety equipments. The main safety equipment is the safety helmet and no one
will be permitted inside the site location without a safety helmet. If a person without
helmet will be fined a charge of Rs.250 from the salary to encourage the wearing of
helmet. There are different colors are provided to different category of the people in
the site:

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For laborers - Yellow

For engineers, TO, visitors, WS - White
For plumbers, drivers - Blue
For electricians, wiring personnel - Red

The next equipment we anxious to propose is the safety boots. When dealing with
cement and concreting works it is highly recommended. There was a situation that
when there was the excavation for the septic tank the laborer who manually excavated

dumping are
the work though it was recommended by us. So we should push the laborers to wear
the safety boots every time possible.

Figure 2.49 A Fully Equipped Laborer

The safety gloves were also provide for some kind of works such as dealing with
cement mortar, r/f bars, rebar cutter, electrical works and many more. There is a
possibility to get injured during the working hours if we ignore to wear the safety
gloves. Radium coated safety suits are also a very good safety measure. From this we
can have a good vision in the site. Different colors of the suits were provided for
different kind of personnel here as well. The color scheme was same as the helmet
coloring scheme so that we can easily identify them. The rainy season was also come
this period so that we also provided raincoats as well as a safety procedure.

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The safety goggles were also

provided in our site wherever a
person deals with rebar cutter,
welding works, cutting of plywood
and etc.

Figure 2.50 Safety Equipments at Site

2.9.2. Settling check

To check the settlement of a building it is important to investigate the settlements

during the construction stage. We have to mark the 1000 mm level from the DPC in
every column that where we have to check the settlement using the leveling
instrument. The columns we have to check should be selected as a representative of
the settlement of the whole building so that we can check the normal and differential
settlement from them. Here we used leveling instrument for the settling measurement
but in a professional point of view we should use a theodolite so that the accuracy can
be improved. After marking the levels we should create a TBM and mark the same
reduced level on it. It should be visible in all the direction so that we can measure
every marked column from that. If it is not possible we have created more TBM for
the adequate visibility. After the building was fully loaded we checked it and the
maximum settlement we got about 12 mm and the maximum settlement between 2
columns was about only 5 mm which were in the acceptable range.

2.9.3. Concrete Quality

The maintenance of the concrete quality plays an important role in a construction
field. There are many instances that we have to take actions against the low quality in
the concrete. We did many kinds of tests in the site during the concreting of several
elements.

Control of water: cement ratio is the most important thing in the quality maintenance.
The strength of the concrete will reduce with the increased water content. At the most
of the instances the unskilled laborers will add more water to increase the workability
of the concrete which is completely a wrong procedure. By adding water they are
actually reducing the strength of the concrete though they increase the workability.

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The added water content will also results in segregation of concrete as well. So we
instruct the laborers to have the given water content for the concrete before every
mixing starts and only the instructed laborer should add water otherwise they will
mess up with the procedure. We maintained water: cement ratio of 0.48 to 0.52 that is
24 l to 26 l for bag. We used a water reducing admixture so that this range of water
content would be very much adequate.

Figure 2.51 Doing Slump Test

Doing the slump test is a very good measure to maintain a proper workability for the
concrete. All the apparatus were provided to us so that we used the knowledge we
studied during our academic period. We prepared the apparatus and poured concrete
in three layers and compacting each by doing 25 blows each by the steel tamping rod.
Normally we should get a slump value in the range of 60 to 90 mm to ensure the
be any collapse of shear slump.

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Figure 2.52 Casting of Test Cubes

The cube test was another test we carried out in the site to measure the strength of the
concrete. First we should apply the form oil to the cube mould of 150x150x150 mm
(the cube casting apparatus) then we should pour the concrete in to 3 layers and
compacting each by doing 35 blows each by the 1.8 kg steel bar having a ramming
square surface of 25x25 mm. After casting the cubes we send them to the Road
Development Department to check the cube strength of 7, 14, 28 days and from the
check results we can identify the defects in the actual concreting part at the site. The
labeling of the cube is also important to identify which part is represented by the cube
so that we can easily identify if a cube test fails.

Figure 2.53 Curing of Test Cubes

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2.9.4. Compaction Tests

As the DPC level is elevated from the existing level we have to fill inside the
building. For this filling under floor purpose we used gravel of type II and filling
was done layer by layer and compacted using wacker plate and 5 ton roller. We
checked every layer for its compaction by sand cone test at the site.

Figure 2.54 Doing Sand Cone Test

We have provided all kind of apparatus needed for this. Most of the time we got
above 96% of the compaction ratio but in some instances we got less and we
instructed the laborers to loosen the soil and compact it again by applying proper
moisture for the soil.

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2.9.5. Checklists
CECB has the ISO certificate and to maintain the certificate they should maintain
records for every element for do day by day. To assist the works we were given the
checklists for each and every part of the building works. It was our responsibility to
maintain the checklist for every work we carried out. The checklists are very useful to
assist any kind of work because all the checks we have to do were properly instructed
there. Actually the checklists made our work easier and it should be instructed to
maintain the checklists in any kind works we carry out.
(Note: See Annex- B for more details)

2.10. Site Management

Managing the site is the very difficult task in the construction industry because a poor
maintenance would result in delaying the project duration. Ordering the materials,
equipments and many other things should be done earlier before it is needed. A vast
experience in the field is very much needed for this. We should know the process and
flow of it thoroughly so that we can expect what we will need next. If we order something
we need at the finishing stage, it will accumulate our stores and the wastages will be high
thus it will results in a loss for the project.

2.10.1. Stores
Within the premises we had a main store to supply materials to all the sites inside the
premises which was located away from our site at the entrance of the premises. We
also had a small store at the site which was supplying materials to our site.

We had a store keeper, an assistant store

keeper and 2 store men. All these mainly
managed by our engineering assistant. The
people in-charge should record every material
they issue or get. They also should aware of
the quantity of the materials they have and

Figure 2.55 Noticing Different what and when the next order should be made.
Stocks
They should update the quantity after every day
works come to an end. No materials should be issued without an issuing note in or
outside of the site.

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Figure 2.57 Displaying Materials Figure 2.56 Maintaining

At Site Weather Records

We also maintain weather records as to maintain our company ISO certificate and to
have an effect on the weather to expect the same situation for another project.
Weather records are very much important to justify our project process if there are
any delays in the project due to it.

2.10.2. Equipments and Machinery

Our site was maintained with adequate machinery and the most of the time, but
sometimes in some situation we had some inadequacy as well. There were many kinds
of machinery used during this period
Backhoe loader- This is a very useful machine which has done most of the
work during the construction such as excavation of trenches for foundation
and septic tanks, loading and unloading construction materials as sand, coarse
aggregates, bricks, etc., preparing temporary roads and pathways and most of
the leveling for filling and landscaping.
5 ton roller- This was used to compact the soil layer for the filling of the
external and internal side of the building.
Wacker plate-
roller or other vibrators to compact.
Poker vibrator- We used this for vibrating and compacting concrete and the
application of this should be in a proper manner not to have any honeycombs.
Rebar cutter- This to cut the r/f bras according to the bar schedule so that to
execute the r/f works properly.
Leveling instrument
Timber saw machine
Concrete driller

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Figure 2.63 Wacker Plate

Figure 2.61 A 5 Ton
Figure 2.62 Dumpy Leveling Vibrator
Roller
Instrument

Figure 2.60 Backhoe Loader

Figure 2.59Timber Saw Machine

Figure 2.58 Poker Vibrator

Figure 2.64 Concrete Driller

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2.11. Labor Management

that field. We were given some advices regarding the labor managements by our senior staffs.
Recording of the working laborers and their category should be displayed and updated every
day on the notice board and their issues regarding safety and accommodation facilities,
sanitary facilities at site and accommodation, machinery requirements should be continuously
observed so that they are fulfilled or not.

2.11.1. Labor Records

We maintained labor records

for the entire period of
construction. By maintaining
these records we can identify
the works done and compare
the working speed with an
average laborer. Most of the
laborers would like to be a
passenger rather than a worker
Figure 2.65 Maintaining Weather Report
thus the expected outcome from
them would be significantly low. It will result in a loss for the company as well as for
the subcontractor. So it is very important to push the worker to do the allocated works
and observe continuously.

2.11.2. Payment

Most of the time we did the payment works for the subcontractors. Usually it was
done once a month. For this we should aware what have been done throughout the
month and which part was done by the selected subcontractors to be paid. We used
centerline method of taking off for the measure of the quantity of works done. We
became very expert in that field so that we can manage the labor payment procedure
as well. We used the rates for the Eastern province as we are given the BSR of that.

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2.12. Miscellaneous Works

At the site we were free do to any kind of work during this period and we learned a lot in
there as well. We were given full power to handle any kind of machinery and documents.
We learned how to read a drawing and how to execute them, how to handle and read
documents like BOQ, BSR, GRN, interim bills, issue notes and etc. To have a physical
feeling and the difficulty of the works we did some work like:
Some brickwork masonry
Random rubble masonry
Bar bending works
Transporting concrete using wheelbarrows
Laying of concrete and leveling
Using poker vibrator
Doing some shuttering works
Laying of conduits for slabs
Operating the backhoe loader, tractor, roller and wacker plate
Fixing column box
Laying of sewerage pipes
These works we have done gave us the knowledge that how hard each and every work
and how they struggle to fulfill the works.

Figure 2.66 Final Day View of My Site

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CHAPTER - 03

3. CONCLUSION

Before concluding I would like to thank my University to give me such a great opportunity to
contact my training in CECB and this kind of training session in our curriculum will really
help the students to get involve with the reality that they have studied. When I went on the
first day my knowledge in the field was almost zero and I was really scared that I can make
or not in the 6 months. Then only I came to know that it was really interesting and the field
knowledge was rally interconnected with our academic studies. There are many people to
guide us throughout the training period and without their support it would be very hard for
me to finish the training. They guide us every time, observe our activities, encourage in our
works and if something go wrong they scold us as well.

The inspection officer from our University instructed us to have some physical feeling on
each and every work we do. After that we did every part of the work and got a great
experience.

3.1. Overall Industrial Training Knowledge

At the very early stage it was a bit difficult for me to understand the works carried out and
the terminology they used. Little by little we learned many things during this period. This
is the period that we can learn at the site. So I took it as a golden period of my life time
and learned as much as possible I can. Now I have the confidence to manage a site as a
single person. I have the technical knowledge on concreting, shuttering, r/f, rubble and
brick masonry, landscaping and any kind of work related to construction. We can learn

these 6 months But most

of the basic procedures were almost covered.

I took this period to emphasize my knowledge on handling different documents,

preparing bills, handling different kind of equipments and machinery and many more. By
maintaining a diary we can summarize that what we have learned so far and what have to
learn in future. I also gathered some knowledge in handling laborers, stores management.
A good characteristic of an engineer to have the knowledge in each and every field he
involves. So we used this 6 months period to be a good engineer in future.

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This training program helped me to get some contacts from many persons with different
knowledge at different stages. The AGM, our resident engineer, engineering assistant,
, TO, WS, co- trainees in different fields like QS, NDT, and
draughtsman, our subcontractors, drivers, laborers and many more. Our behavior will
represent our University so that I learned how to behave with these kinds of different
personnel such a way that it will make proud my University.

3.2. Training Establishment

CECB is a great place for having the industrial training period. The main objective of the
training program is to learn. Because I was free to do any kind of work during the whole
6 months so that I can learn whatever possible which is totally fulfilling the main
objective.

But there are some shortcomings in CECB as well. A site like a

have any special techniques included. It would be a place only to learn the basic
knowledge regarding the field. So gathering special knowledge became an impossible
task for me. It was a restless period for us because we were instructed to work 6 days a
ny other officers to supervise. Most of the workload handled by us
and our PM and RE occasionally visit site.

I gathered most of the knowledge in the building site but nothing from the highway or any
road site. Beca
possible to change from one AGM unit to another. Other than that
shortcomings and I really got a great chance ever here.

3.3. Suggestion for the Training Program

It is great to include our training during our academic period. But in some occasions we
only have to rely on the drawing and our knowledge was inadequate in some fields like
selecting a suitable dimension for sanitary appliances, septic tanks, services for a building
- CE 4
training period. We used many survey during the training period so if we have the survey
camp before the training it would be very much helpful.

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 Industrial Training Report - 2014

Inspection officers from our University visited us twice during the period but no one from
the NAITA visited us although they had a branch in Batticaloa town which only about 20
km away from our site. We can improve our shortcomings from their advices so I suggest
them to visit the trainees as much as possible in future.

The University should consider that to give the training to the students such a way that
they gather knowledge from different aspects of engineering especially in civil
engineering. Because there are many paths in civil engineering so they should make sure
that a student walks through each and every path as much as possible. Other than that the
industrial training program is very useful and I recommend that every person finish this
successfully.

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