Economic growth and resource efficiency is the most important issue that is affecting

our world. Most of the scientists are saying that our world is running out of sources and we
are not decoupling from economic development from raw material consumption, one
example is the Russian Federation that is achieving no decoupling.
All people must have in mind that the Earth has limited natural resources, so we have to
maximize functions and minimize waste and environment impacts, such as some countries
that are achieving decoupling in Resource Efficiency.
One thing that is affecting the world greatly is urbanization, this means that around the 70%
of the people are living in urban areas (cities), because the rural areas do not offer the same
life facilities.

The Russian Federation has two big problems, one is urbanization and the other is
sustainability. This problems are caused by pollution, and renewable energy. In the Russian
Federation, a big amount of people live in urban areas. The other problem, that is
sustainability, might be solved as in the Russian Federation with hydroelectric energy.
The main problem of this country is urbanization, which is causing pollution, because of the
high population density in urban areas. According to ideas.repec.org more than 60% of the
country population lives in urban and not in rural places, this is a big amount and it produces
lack of housing. One law to make up the pollution, is to increase the green surfaces for
minimizing carbon dioxide, dust and other air pollutants.
The Russian Federation produces almost 70 million tons of waste per year, demonstrated by
Greenpeace, also “it seems to realize Niels Bohr prediction that humanity will die suffocating
in its own garbage”, ironic Alexei Kiseliov.
A big problem in the world, is sustainability, but Russia has a solution, because most of the
renewable energy in the Russian Federation is hydroelectric energy. This big country is the
sixth largest producer of renewable energy in the world, but if hydroelectric energy is not
taken into account, it is the fifty-sixth country in the ranking. We have some other things that
we can do to solve this problems, we would have to use more recycled materials, because in
the last ten years, the Russian Federation garbage volume increased by 30% according to
Greenpeace, also we should subsidize the purchase of electrical cars, and to finally, another
solution is to increase public transport, to save energy.

The Resource Efficiency and Sustainable Development are some of the most important
international problems registered during the 20th and 21th century.

All G20 countries produces 25% of global economic output, ⅔ of global population and 75%
international trade. Resource demand is increasing at an unsustainable pace. In 1900 world
consumed 7 billions tons of primary materials. By 2017 worldwide consumption of these
materials reached 90 billions tones. By 2050 primary material use is expected to go up to 186
billions tons if consumption trends continue. The consequences are catastrophic, estimated 4
to 9 planetary boundaries have been surpassed, increasing the likelihood of irreversibly
changing the way major Earth systems functions including our climate.

The Treaty of Paris consists of the agreement sets out a global action plan to put the world on
track to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to well below 2°C and
pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. Some keys elements for this objective are Mitigation:
reducing emission a long-term goal of keeping the increase in global average temperature to
well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels; to aim to limit the increase to 1.5°C, since this
would significantly reduce risks and the impacts of climate change; on the need for global
emissions to peak as soon as possible, recognising that this will take longer for developing
countriesto undertake rapid reductions thereafter in accordance with the best available
science. Transparency and global stocktake. Come together every 5 years to set more
ambitious targets as required by science; report to each other and the public on how well they
are doing to implement their targets, track progress towards the long-term goal through a
robust transparency and accountability system. Adaptation Strengthen societies ability to deal
with the impacts of climate change; provide continued and enhanced international support for
adaptation to developing countries.