Magnetism

• Magnetism—the properties
and interactions of magnets.
Types of Magnets
1. Natural Magnets
◼ Natural magnets like lodestone, are
found in nature
Types of Magnets
2. Artificial Magnets
◼ Artificial or man made magnets are
made by magnetising:

»Iron
»Nickel
»Cobalt
»Alloys of the above
The Poles
◼ Magnets are strongest at their 2 ends called
the “north pole” and the “south pole”.
What happens if
you break a bar
magnet in half?

You get 2 bar

magnets both
with a North and
a South pole!!
Breaking a Bar Magnet
Unike Poles Attract
Like Poles Repel
• Magnetic Poles—the region of a
magnet where the magnetic force
exerted by the magnet is strongest.
–1. All magnets have a north and a south
pole.
–2. Like poles repel. Unlike poles attract.
–3. Earth has magnetic poles.
• A) A compass needle is a small bar magnet
that can freely rotate.
• B) A compass needle always points north.
How to Test if Something is a
Magnet?
◼ The true test for determining if
something is a magnet is repulsion.
A Compass

◼ A compass contains a freely suspended

magnet which reacts to the magnetic
field of the Earth.
–1. Interaction b/w 2 magnets, is
called magnetic force, the
interaction increases as magnets
move closer together.
–2. A magnetic field, which exerts
the magnetic force, surrounds a
magnet and is closest to the
magnet.
 Magnetic Field
• Magnetic Field is the area surrounding a
magnet where the magnetic force acts.
 Magnetic Field Lines
• Magnetic Field lines always move out of
the North end and into the South end!!
 Magnetic Field Lines of
Interacting Magnets

Lines of Repulsion Lines of Attraction

The Earth’s Magnetic Field

◼ The Earth
behaves as if
there is a huge
bar magnet in
its centre giving
it a magnetic
field.
What is a Magnetic Field?

◼ A magnetic field is the space around a

magnet over which it has a magnetic
effect.
Magnetic domains—groups of atoms
with aligned magnetic poles.
• A) In a magnet, the like poles of all the
domains point in the same direction.
• B) Permanent magnets are made by
placing a magnetic material in a strong
magnetic field, forcing a large number of
magnetic domains to line up.
 Magnetic Domains
• The molecules of most
substances have no
orientation to them.
• In a magnet, the
molecules align
themselves in a very
specific pattern.
 How to Make a Magnet
• 1. Induced Magnetism
–Rubbing
–Stroking
2. Breaking a magnet into pieces
3. Electromagnetism
 How to Demagnetize

• Heating
• Hammering
• Breaking
Electricity and Magnetism

◼ Electricity can make a magnet and a

magnet can be used to create
electricity.
An Electromagnet
◼ An electromagnet only occur when
current flows through its coil.
 Uses of Magnets
◼ Electric Motors
◼ Electric Bells
◼ Bicycle Dynamo
◼ Transformers
◼ Loudspeakers
◼ CTRs
◼ Computers
◼ Phones
Reporting=25

◼ 10-Content (relevance/completeness)
◼ 8-Delivery
◼ 7-Visual Aid