SA3: SEISMIC BEHAVIOUR AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (2022/2023)

Detailed Description of contents / assignments

Lecture
Morning (lecture) Afternoon (student work)
SN Background: brief history of earthquake engineering. Elements
of seismology and seismicity: introduction; causes of
SN Assignment 1: Bibliographical research, to be developed in
earthquakes; theory of plate tectonics; definition of seismic
#01 (Jan 10) groups (3-4 students), on the seismicity, the seismic hazard and
waves; location of the epicentre, the modified Mercalli
seismic risk of a selected country.
intensity scale, the Richter magnitude scale, relations between
magnitude scales.
SN Attenuation relations. Propagation of elastic seismic waves.
Micro-zonation. Elements of probabilistic seismic hazard
#02 (Jan 11) analysis: definition of a design earthquake; seismicity model; SN Conclusion of Assignment 1.
attenuation model; probabilistic seismic hazard analysis
procedure.
SN Dynamic analysis of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF)
systems. Introduction. Dynamic analysis of undamped SDOF
#03 (Jan 12) SN Oral presentation of Assignment 1.
system. Dynamic analysis of damped SDOF systems. Response
of SDOF systems to harmonic loading. Examples.
SN Response of SDOF systems to general dynamic loading.
Numerical evaluation of the dynamic response. Response of
#04 (Jan 13) SN Afternoon dedicated to self-study.
SDOF systems to earthquakes. Elastic earthquake response
spectra. Design spectrum.

DO Practical problems related to the computation of the dynamic DO Assignment 2: Implementation and validation of a program
#05 (Jan 18) response of SDOF systems subjected to a variety of different code for the time history analysis of SDOF systems in Excel by
dynamic excitations. groups of 3-4 students.

SAHC Master Course

ADVANCED MASTER IN STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF MONUMENTS AND HISTORICAL CONSTRUCTIONS 1
 Detailed Description of contents / assignments
Lesson
Lecture (morning, 9:30h – 12:30h) Student work (afternoon, 14:00h – 19:00h)
DO Dynamic analysis of multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) DO Assignment 2 (cont.): Use of the program code developed in
systems. Equations of motion. Free vibration (natural the previous lecture to compute the structural response of
#06 (Jan 19)
frequencies and normal modes, orthogonality property of the SDOF systems to earthquakes and construction of elastic
normal modes). Damping matrix. response spectra.
DO Forced motion of MDOF linear systems. Modal analysis.
#07 (Jan 20) DO Conclusion of Assignment 2 / self-study.
Modal contribution factors. Examples.
DO Practical problems related to the computation of the dynamic
JP Assignment 3: Modelling of a masonry prototype building
#08 (Jan 23) response of MDOF systems subjected to a variety of different
using the DIANA software tool (groups of 3-4 students).
dynamic excitations.
DO Introduction to earthquake analysis. Response history analysis
and Response spectrum analysis. Modal participation factors JP Assignment 3 (cont.): Computation of natural frequencies,
#09 (Jan 24)
and effective modal mass. Ductility-modified response spectra. modal shapes and modal participation factors of the structure.
Non-linear static analysis. Examples.
DO Displacement-based seismic design. Analysis methods applied
#10 (Jan 30) to masonry structures. Structural modelling strategies used for JP Assignment 3 (cont.): Modal analysis of the structure.
masonry. Analysis of nonlinear response: demands. Examples.
DO Time history response of linear MDOF systems: incremental
equations of motions. The Central Difference Method. The JP Assignment 3 (cont.): Generation, through a software tool, of
#11 (Jan 31) Newmark method. Non-linear time history analysis artificial code compatible earthquakes on the basis of elastic
(formulation and solution; computing seismic demands). HHT response spectra.
method.
DO Principles and objectives of earthquake-resistant design. Basic
JP Assignment 3 (cont.): Elastic time history analysis of the
#12 (Feb 01) principles of conceptual design of buildings. Practical aspects
structure.
of earthquake-resistant design.

SAHC Master Course

ADVANCED MASTER IN STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF MONUMENTS AND HISTORICAL CONSTRUCTIONS 2
 Detailed Description of contents / assignments
Lesson
Lecture (morning) Student work (afternoon)
DO Damage and collapsing mechanisms in existing (particularly
historical) structures. Effects of earthquake in existing masonry
structures. Local and global vulnerability: typical damage and JP Assignment 3 (cont.): Non-linear pushover analysis of the
#13 (Feb 02)
collapsing modes for different construction typologies structure.
(churches, towers, vernacular houses, historical centres).
Examples
DO Damage and collapsing mechanisms in existing (particularly
historical) structures. The influence of the construction process DO+JP Oral presentation and public discussion about the work
#14 (Feb 03)
and historical alterations or additions. Effects of earthquake in developed within assignment 3.
earthen constructions. Examples.

Lecturers:
DO: Daniel Oliveira ; JP: João Pereira; SN: Shaghayegh Naghshineh.

Grading:
40% for written examination
10% for Report 1 (Historical earthquakes and seismic hazard maps of a country); Groups of 4 students; 2+1 sessions
15% for Report 2 (Newmark’s algorithm and response spectra); Groups of 3 students; 3 sessions
35% for Report 3 (Analysis of a masonry building); Groups of 4 students; 6+1 sessions

Minimum of 40% in each task is required (written examination and each report)

SAHC Master Course

ADVANCED MASTER IN STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF MONUMENTS AND HISTORICAL CONSTRUCTIONS 3
Main references:

(1) Textbooks
- Bazán E., Meli R. (1999): “Diseño sísmico de edifícios”, Limusa Noriega Editores, Mexico.
- Booth E. (2014): “Earthquake design practice for buildings”, 3rd Edition, ICE Publishing.
- Bozorgnia Y., Bertero V.V. (2004): “Earthquake Engineering: From Engineering
Seismology to Performance-Based Engineering”, CRC Press.
- Chopra (2020): “Earthquake Dynamics of Structures: Theory and Applications to
Earthquake Engineering”, 5th edition in SI units, Prentice-Hall.
- Clough R. W., Penzien J. (1993), “Dynamics of Structures," McGraw-Hill, New York.
- De Silva C. W. (2000), “Vibration Fundamental and Pratice”, CRC Press.
- Kramer, S. L. (1996): “Geothecnical Earthquake Engineering”, Prentice-Hall.
- Meirovitch L., (2001), “Fundamentals of Vibrations”, McGraw Hill, NewYork.
- Newmark, N. M. & Hall, W.J. (1982): “Earthquake spectra and design” EERI monograph,
Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.
- Paulay T., Priestley M.J.N. (1992): “Seismic design of reinforced concrete and masonry
buildings”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
- Paultre P. (2011): “Dynamics of structures”, Wiley.
- Paz M., Leigh W. (2006), “Structural Dynamics: Theory and Computation”, Springer.
- Priestley M.J.N., Calvi G.M., Kowalsky M.J. (2007): “Displacement Based Seismic Design
of Structures”, 1st edition, IUSS Press.
- Timoshenko S. (1951), “Vibration Problems in Engineering," Van Nostrand Co., Toronto.
- Tomazevic M. (1999): “Earthquake-resistant design of masonry buildings”, Series on
innovation in structures and construction, Imperial College Press, London.

(2) Papers and Reports

- Ambraseys, N.N. (1996): “Prediction of horizontal response spectra in Europe”, Earthquake
Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 25, 371-400.
- Bachmann H. (2002): “Seismic Conceptual Design of Buildings – Basic principles for
engineers, architects, building owners, and authorities”, Swiss Agency for Development and
Cooperation.
- Binda L., Cardani G., Saisi A., Valluzzi M.R. (2006): “Vulnerability analysis of the
historical buildings in seismic area by a multilevel approach”, 7th International Congress on
Civil Engineering, Tehran, Iran.
- Bothara J. Brzev S. (2011): “A tutorial: Improving the seismic performance of stone
masonry buildings”, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, California.
- Cattari, S., Calderoni, B., Caliò, I., Camata, G., de Miranda, S., Magenes, G., Milani, G.,
Saetta, A. (2021): “Nonlinear modeling of the seismic response of masonry structures:
critical review and open issues towards engineering practice”, Bulletin of Earthquake
Engineering, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01263-1
- D’Altri A., Sarhosis V., Milani G., Rots J., Cattari S., Lagomarsino S., Sacco E., Tralli A.,
Castellazzi G., de Miranda S. (2020): “Modeling strategies for the computational analysis of
unreinforced masonry structures: Review and classification”, Archives of Computational
Methods in Engineering, 27, 1153-1185.
- D’Ayala D., Paganoni S. (2015): “Seismic strengthening strategies for heritage structures”,
Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, M. Beer, I.A. Kougioumtzoglou, E. Patelli and
S.K. Au (Eds), Springer, Berlin.
- Giuffré A. (1996): “A mechanical model for statics and dynamics of historical masonry
buildings”, Protection of the Architectural Heritage Against Earthquakes, Springer Vienna,
71-152.

SAHC Master Course

ADVANCED MASTER IN STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF MONUMENTS AND HISTORICAL CONSTRUCTIONS 4
 - Lagomarsino S., Penna A., Galasco A., Cattari S. (2013): “TREMURI program: An
equivalent frame model for the nonlinear seismic analysis of masonry buildings”,
Engineering Structures, 56, 1787-1799.
- Lourenço P.B., Mendes N., Ramos L.F., Oliveira D.V. (2011): “Analysis of masonry
structures without box behaviour”, International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 5(4), 369-
382.
- Lourenço P.B., Pereira J.M., Karanikoloudis G., Greco F., Cancino C. (2018):
“Recommendations for Advanced Modeling of Historic Earthen Sites”, Seismic Retrofitting
Project, The Getty Conservation Institute.
- Modena C. (1992): "Seismic behaviour of masonry structures: experimentally based
modelling", Part I, Masonry International, Journal of the British masonry Society, Stoke-on-
Trent, GB, Vol. 6, No 2, pp 57-62.
- Modena C. (1992), "Seismic behaviour of masonry structures: experimentally based
modelling", Part II, Masonry International, Journal of the British masonry Society, Stoke-
on-Trent, GB, Vol. 6, No 2, pp 62-68.
- Modena C., (2020): “Recent advances of Italian recommendations and standards on
structural safety of existing masonry structures”, Proceedings of the 17th International
Brick/Block Masonry Conference, Kraków, Poland, 42-57.
- Molins C., Roca P., Barbat A. H. (1998). “Flexibility-based linear dynamic analysis of
complex structures with curved-3D members”. Earthquake Engineering & Structural
Dynamics, 27 (7): 731-747. ISSN: 0098-8847.
- Roque J., Oliveira D.V., Ferreira T., Lourenco P.B. (2019): “Nonlinear dynamic analysis for
safety assessment of heritage buildings: The Church of Santa Maria de Belém”, Journal of
Structural Engineering, 145(12), 04019153.
- Solarino F., Oliveira D.V., Giresini L. (2019): “Wall-to-horizontal diaphragm connections in
historical buildings: a state-of-the-art review”, Engineering Structures, 199, 109559.
- Proceedings of SAHC: International Conferences on Structural Analysis of Historical
Constructions (several publishers).

(3) Charters and international regulations

- ASCE/SEI 41-17 (2017): “Seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing buildings”, American
Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Virginia.
- CEN (2004): “Eurocode 8: Design provisions for earthquake resistance of structures - Part
1-1: General rules – General rules for buildings (EN 1998-1)”, Brussels.
- CEN (2005): “Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 3:
Assessment and retrofitting of buildings (EN 1998-3)”, Brussels.
- DPCM (2011): “Linee guida per la valutazione e la riduzione del rischio sismico del
patrimonio culturale con riferimento alle nueve norme tecniche”, GU n. 47 26/02/2011 –
suppl. ord. n. 54, Rome, Italy (in Italian).
- FEMA 440, Improvement of Nonlinear Static Seismic Analysis Procedures.
- FEMA 308, The Repair of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings.
- ISO 13822 (2010): “Bases for design of structures - Assessment of existing structures”, ISO
International Standard, Switzerland.
- NTC 2018 (2018): “Norme tecniche per le costruzioni. Ministero delle Infrastrutture”, GU
n.42 20/02/2018, Rome, Italy (in Italian).
- RILEM TC 127-MS: Tests for masonry materials and structures. D4: Measurement of local
dynamic behaviour for masonry. 2001.
- NZSEE (2017): “The seismic assessment of existing building - Assessment objectives and
principles”, New Zealand.

SAHC Master Course

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(4) Free Software
- Seismosignal, https://seismosoft.com/products/seismosignal/
- SIMQKE_GR, https://gelfi.unibs.it/software/simqke/simqke_gr.htm

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