Applied Academy

H-86 sector-22 Noida

PHYSICS XII
Class 12 - Physics

Section A
1. Two identical glass rods S1 and S2 (refractive index = 1.5) have one convex end of radius of curvature 10 cm. [1]

They are placed with the curved surfaces at a distance d as shown in the figure, with their axes (shown by the
dashed line) aligned. When a point source of light P is placed inside rod S1 on its axis at a distance of 50 cm

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from the curved face, the light rays emanating from it are found to be parallel to the axis inside S2. The distance

d is

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a) 60 cm b) 70 cm

c) 90 cm d) 80 cm
A

2.
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A ray of light is incident at an angle of 60° on one face of a prism of angle 30°. The emergent ray of light makes [1]
an angle of 30° with incident ray. The angle made by the emergent ray with second face of prism will be:
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a) 90° b) 45°

c) 30° d) 0°
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3. In a thick glass slab of thickness l and refractive index μ  a cuboidal cavity of thickness m is carved as shown in [1]
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the figure and is filled with liquid of R.I. μ  (μ  > μ ). The ratio of , so that shift produced by this slab is zero
l
2 2 1
m

when an observer A observes an object B with paraxial rays is:

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μ  −  μ μ  −  μ
a) 1

μ (μ  − 1)
2
b) 1

μ (μ  − 1)
2

2 1 1 2

μ  −  μ μ  −  μ
c) 1

μ  − 1
2
d) 1

μ  − 1
2

2 1

4. The radius of curvature of a convex surface of a thin piano convex lens is 15 cm and the refractive index of the [1]
material is 1.6. The power of the lens will be:

a) -2 D b) +1 D

c) +4 D d) +3 D
5. The phenomena involved in the reflection of radio waves by ionosphere is similar to: [1]

a) Scattering of light by the particles of air b) Reflection of light by a plane mirror

c) Total internal reflection of light in air during d) Dispersion of light by water molecules

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 a mirage during the formation of a rainbow
6. A ball is dropped from a height of 20 m above the surface of water in a lake. The refractive index of water is 4

3
. [1]
A fish inside the lake, in the line of fall of the ball, is looking at the ball. At an instant, when the ball is 12.8 m
above the water surface, the fish sees the speed of ball as

a) 12 ms-1 b) 21.33 ms-1

c) 9 ms-1 d) 16 ms-1

7. A prism of refractive index p and angle A is placed in the minimum deviation position. If the angle of minimum [1]
deviation is A, then the value of A in terms of μ is:

a) sin −1
(μ/2) b) cos
−1
(μ/2)

−−−
c) 2 cos −1
(μ/2) d) sin
−1
√
μ−1

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8. A converging lens is used to form an image on a screen. When the upper half of the lens is covered by an opaque [1]
screen, then

a) no image will be formed b) complete image will be formed

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c) intensity of the image will increase
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In Fraunhofer diffraction experiment, L is the distance between the screen and the obstacle, b is the size of [1]

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obstacle and λ is the wavelength of the incident light. The general condition for the applicability of Fraunhofer
diffraction is:
A

2
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a) b

Lλ
<< 1 b) b

Lλ
≠ 1

2 2

c) b
=1 d) b
>> 1
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Lλ Lλ
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10. In Young's double-slit experiment, two slits are made 5 mm apart and the screen is placed 2 m away. What is the [1]
fringe separation when light of wavelength 500 nm is used?
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a) 2 mm b) 0.02 mm

c) 0.002 mm d) 0.2 mm
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11. In the Young’s double slit experiment a point P on the central bright fringe is such that the intensity of the point [1]
P is 1

4
times the maximum intensity. Distance between the slits is d and wavelength is λ . Then angular
separation of point P is:

a) sin −1
(
λ
) b) sin
−1
(
λ
)
d 2d

c) sin −1
(
λ
) d) sin
−1
(
λ
)
4d 3d

12. Figure shows a standard two slit arrangement with slits S1, S2. P1, P2 are the two minima points on either side of [1]
P (Figure).

At P2 on the screen, there is a hole and behind P2 is a second 2- slit arrangement with slits S3, S4 and a second
screen behind them.

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 a) There would be no interference pattern on b) There would be a regular two slit pattern on
the second screen but it would be lighted. the second screen.

c) The second screen would be totally dark. d) There would be a single bright point on the
second screen.
13. Young’s double-slit experiment is done in a medium of refractive index ( ). A light of wavelength 600 nm [This [1]
4

is the wavelength in the given medium of RI = ( )] is falling on the slits having a 0.45 mm separation. The
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lower slit S2 is covered by a thin glass sheet of thickness 10.4 nm and refractive index 1.5. The interference
pattern is observed on a screen placed 1.5 m from the slits as shown in the figure. Find the light intensity at point
O relative to Imax.

a) I =
2

4
Imax b) I =
3

4
Imax

c) I =
5
Imax d) I =
1
Imax

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14. In double-slit experiment using light of wavelength 600 nm, the angular width of a fringe formed on a distant [1]
screen is 0.1 . What is the spacing between the two slits?
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a) 6.7 ×10 −4
b) 4.5 ×10 −4

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m m

c) 3.4 ×10 −4
m d) 5.6 ×10 −4
m

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15. Assertion (A): If a plane glass slab is placed on the letters of different colours all the letters appear to be raised [1]
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up to the same height

Reason (R): Different colours have different wavelengths.

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a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.
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c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
16. Assertion (A): In Young’s double slit experiment number of bright fringe or dark fringe can not be unlimited.
[1]
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Reason (R): In Young’s double slit experiment path difference between the superposing waves can not be more
than the distance between the slits.
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a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

17. The focal lengths of the objective and the eye-piece of a compound microscope are 1 cm and 5 cm respectively. [1]
An object is placed at a distance of 1.1 cm from the objective. If the final image is formed at the least distance of
distinct vision, the magnifying power is ________.
18. A point source of 36 candela is placed at the focus of a convex lens of focal length 6 metres. Then the [1]
illuminance on a screen placed normal to the emergent beam of light is ________ lux.
19. A large glass slab (μ = ) of thickness 8 cm is placed over a point source of light on a plane surface. It is seen [1]
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that light emerges out of the top surface of the slab from a circular area of radius R cm. What is the value of R?
20. Figure shows an equi-convex lens of refractive index 1.5, is in contact with a liquid layer on the top of a plane [1]
mirror. A small needle is moved along the axis of lens until the inverted image of the needle is just coinciding
with the needle. This distance is found to be 45 cm from mirror. Now, the liquid is removed and the needle is
moved again in similar fashion. This time the corresponding distance is 30 cm. The refractive index of liquid is

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 4α

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. Determine the value of α. Assume layer of liquid to be thin.

21. A transparent cube of 0.21 m edge contains a small air bubble. Its apparent distance when viewed through one [1]
face of the cube is 0.10 m and when viewed from the opposite face is 0.04 m. The actual distance of the bubble
from the second face of the cube is ________ m.

22. White light is incident on one of the refracting surfaces of a prism of angle 5o. If the refractive indices for red [1]

and blue colours are 1.641 and 1.659 respectively, the angular separation between these two colours when they

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emerge out of the prism is ________ degree.
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23. A slit of width a is illuminated by white light. The first minimum for red light (λ = 6500 A) will fall at 0 = 30o, [1]

when a will be ________ micron.

24.
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In a biprism experiment, by using light of wavelength 5000 A, 5 mm wide fringes are obtained on a screen 1.0
m away from the coherent sources. The separation between the two coherent sources is ________ mm.
[1]

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25. Why are mirrors used in searchlights parabolic and not concave spherical? [1]
26. Under what condition, does a biconvex lens of glass having a certain refractive index act as a plane glass sheet [1]
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when immersed in a liquid?
Section B
27. A ray of light is incident at a glass-water interface at an angle of i, it emerges finally parallel to the surface water, [2]
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then what will be the value of μ g?

28. If a ray of light travelling in air is incident on a glass surface with an angle of incidence 40°, it deviates through [2]
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15°, determine the critical angle for a glass-air interface.

29. i. Write the necessary conditions for the phenomenon of total internal reflection to occur. [2]
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ii. Write the relation between refractive index and critical angle for a given pair of optical media.
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30. A compound microscope has an objective of focal length 1 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 2.5 cm. An object [2]
has to be placed at a distance of 1.2 cm away from the objective for the normal adjustment. Determine the
angular magnification and length of microscope tube.
31. i. Plane and convex mirrors are known to produce virtual images of the objects. Draw a ray diagram to show [2]
how, in the case of convex mirrors, virtual objects can produce real images.
ii. Why are convex mirrors used as side view mirrors in vehicles?
32. A Cassegrain telescope uses two mirrors as shown in the figure. Such a telescope is built with the mirrors 20 mm [2]
apart. If the radius of curvature of large mirror is 220 mm and the small mirror is 140 mm, where will the final
image of an object at infinity be?

33. Which two of the following lenses L1, L2 and L3 will you select as objective and eyepiece for constructing best [2]

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 possible (i) telescope (ii) microscope? Give reason to support your answer.

Lens Power(P) Aperture(A)

L1 6D 1 cm

L2 3D 8cm

L3 10D 1 cm

34. Draw a ray diagram for the formation of image by a compound microscope. Write the expression for total [2]
magnification when the image is formed at infinity.
35. Two wavelengths of sodium light 590 nm, 596 nm are used, in turn, to study the diffraction taking place at a [2]
single slit of aperture 4 mm. The distance between the slit and the screen is 2 m. Calculate the separation
between the positions of the first maximum of the diffraction pattern obtained in the two cases.

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36. a. The refractive index of glass is 1.5. What is the speed of light in glass? (Speed of light in vacuum is 3.0 × [2]

108 m s-1)
b. Is the speed of light in glass independent of the colour of light? If not, which of the two colours red and

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violet travels slower in a glass prism?
In Young's double-slit experiment, the two slits 0.15 mm apart are illuminated by monochromatic light of [2]

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wavelength 450 nm. The screen is 1.0 m away from the slits. Find the distance of the second
i. bright fringe,
A
ii. dark fringe from the maximum.
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38. In Young's double-slit experiment the fringe width obtained is 0.6 cm, when the light of wavelength 4800 A is [2]

used. If the distance between the screen and the slit is reduced to half, what should be the wavelength of light
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used to obtain fringes 0.0045 m wide?
Section C
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39. A prism is made of glass of unknown refractive index. A parallel beam of light is incident on a face of the prism. [3]
The angle of minimum deviation is measured to be 40°. What is the refractive index of the material of the prism?
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The refracting angle of the prism is 60°. If the prism is placed in water (refractive index 1.33) predict the new
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angle of minimum deviation of a parallel beam of light.

40. A myopic adult has a far point at 0.1 m. His power of accommodation is 4 diopters. [3]
a. What power lenses are required to see distant objects?
b. What is his near point without glasses?
c. What is his near point with glasses? (Take the image distance from the lens of the eye to the retina to be 2
cm.)
41. A small candle, 2.5 cm in size is placed at 27 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 36 cm. At [3]
what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp image? Describe the nature
and size of the image. If the candle is moved closer to the mirror, how would the screen have to be moved?
42. The mixture a pure liquid and a solution in a long vertical column (i.e, horizontal dimensions << vertical [3]
dimensions) produces diffusion of solute particles and hence a refractive index gradient along the vertical
dimension. A ray of light entering the column at right angles to the vertical has deviated from its original path.
Find the deviation in travelling a horizontal distance d << h, the height of the column.
43. Three rays (1, 2, 3) of different colours fall normally on one of the sides of an isosceles right-angled prism as [3]
shown. The refractive index of prism for these rays is 1.39, 1.47, and 1.52 respectively. Find which of these rays

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 get internally reflected and which get only refracted from AC. Trace the paths of rays. Justify your answer with
the help of necessary calculations.

44. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm is placed coaxially with a convex mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm. The [3]
two are kept at 15 cm from each other. A point object lies 60 cm in front of the convex lens. Draw a ray diagram
to show the formation of the image by the combination. Determine the nature and position of the image formed.
45. Explain the following giving reasons: [3]
a. When monochromatic light is incident on a surface separating two media, then both reflected and refracted

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light have the same frequency as the incident frequency.
b. When light travels from a rarer to a denser medium, then speed decreases. Does this decrease in speed imply
a reduction in the energy carried by the wave?
c. In the wave picture of light, the intensity of light is determined by the square of the amplitude of the wave.

46.
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What determines the intensity in the photon picture of light?
For sound waves, the Doppler formula for frequency shift differs slightly between the two situations: [3]

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a. source at rest; observer moving, and
b. source moving; observer at rest.
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The exact Doppler formulas for the case of light waves in vacuum are, however, strictly identical for these
situations. Explain why this should be so. Would you expect the formulas to be strictly identical for the two
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situations in case of light travelling in a medium?
47. Give reasons for the following : [3]
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i. Astronomers prefer to use telescopes with large objective diameters to observe astronomical objects.
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ii. Two identical but independent monochromatic sources of light cannot be coherent.
iii. The value of the Brewster angle for a transparent medium is different for lights of different colours.
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48. i. Write the conditions under which light sources can be said to be coherent. [3]
ii. Why is it necessary to have coherent sources in order to produce an interference pattern?
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49. A slit of width 'a' is illuminated by red light of wavelength 6500 A. For what value of 'a' will [3]

1. the first minimum fall at an angle of diffraction of 30oand

2. the first maximum fall at an angle of diffraction of 30o?
50. In a Young's double experiment, the slits are 1.5 mm apart. When the slits are illuminated by a monochromatic [3]
light source and the screen is kept 1 m apart from the slits, width of 10 fringes is measured as 3.93 mm.
Calculate the wavelength of light used. What will be the width of 10 fringes when the distance between the slits
and the screen is increased by 0.5 m. The source of light used remains the same.
51. In Young's double slit experiment, the two slits 0.15 mm apart are illuminated by monochromatic light of [3]
wavelength 450 nm. The screen is 1.0 m away from the slits.
i. Find the distance of the second
a. bright fringe
b. dark fringe from the central maximum.

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 ii. How will the fringe pattern change if the screen is moved away from the slits?
52. Define the term wavefront. State Huygen's principle. Consider a plane wavefront incident on a thin convex lens. [3]
Draw a proper diagram to show how the incident wavefront traverses through the lens and after refraction
focusses on the focal point of the lens, giving the shape of the emergent wavefront.
Section D
Question No. 53 to 57 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
5.0
Distance between two successive bright or dark fringes is called fringe width.

(n+1)λD
= Yn + 1 - Yn = =

nλD λD
β −
d d d

Fringe width is independent of the order of the maxima. If whole apparatus is immersed in liquid of refractive index μ
then β = (fringe width decreases). Angular fringe width (θ ) is the angular separation between two consecutive
λD

μd

maxima or minima

β λ

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θ = =
D d

In the arrangement shown in figure, slit S3 and S4 are having a variable separation Z. Point O on the screen is at the
common perpendicular bisector of S1S2 and S3S4.

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53. The maximum number of possible interference maxima for slit separation equal to twice the wavelength in Young’s
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double-slit experiment, is

a) zero b) three
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c) infinite d) five
54. In Young’s double - slit experiment if yellow light is replaced by blue light, the interference fringes become
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a) brighter b) narrower

c) wider d) darker
55. In Young’s double slit experiment, if the separation between the slits is halved and the distance between the slits and the
screen is doubled, then the fringe width compared to the unchanged one will be

a) Doubled b) Halved

c) Quadrupled d) Unchanged
56. When the complete Young’s double slit experiment is immersed in water, the fringes

a) become narrower b) remain unaltered

c) disappear d) become wider

57. In a two slit experiment with white light, a white fringe is observed on a screen kept behind the slits. When the screen is
moved away by 0.05 m, this white fringe

a) does not move at all b) gets displaced from its earlier position

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 c) becomes coloured d) disappears.

58. i. Derive lens maker’s formula for a biconvex lens. [5]

ii. A point object is placed at a distance of 12 cm on the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length 10 cm. A
convex mirror is placed coaxially on the other side of the lens at a distance of 10 cm. If the final image
coincides with the object, sketch the ray diagram, and find the focal length of the convex mirror.
59. With the help of ray diagram, show the formation of image of a point object by refraction of light at a spherical [5]
surface separating two media of refractive indices n1 and n2 (n2 > n1) respectively. Using this diagram, derive
n2 n1 n2 −n1
the relation v
−
u
= . Write the sign conventions used.
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What happens to the focal length of convex lens when it is immersed in water?
60. a. When a ray of light passes through a triangular glass prism, find out the relation for the total deviation, δ in [5]
terms of the angle of incidence, i and angle of emergence, e.
b. Plot a graph showing the variation of angle of deviation with the angle of incidence and obtain the condition

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for the angle of minimum deviation.
61. Determine the 'effective focal length' of the combination of the two lenses having focal lengths 30 cm and -20cm [5]
if they are placed 8.0 cm apart with their principal axes coincident. Does the answer depend on which side of the

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combination a beam of parallel light is incident? Is the notion of effective focal length of this system useful at
all?

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62. a. Draw a labelled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope to show the image formation of a distant object. [5]
Write the main considerations required in selecting the objective and eyepiece lenses in order to have large
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magnifying power and high resolution of the telescope.
b. A compound microscope has an objective of focal length 1.25 cm and eyepiece of focal length 5 cm. A small
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object is kept at 2.5 cm from the objective. If the final image formed is at infinity, find the distance between
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the objective and the eyepiece.

[5]
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63. a. A point object is placed on the principal axis of a convex spherical surface of radius of curvature R, which
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separates the two media of refractive indices n1 and n2 (n2 > n1). Draw the ray diagram and deduce the

relationship between the object distance (u), image distance (v) and the radius of curvature (R) for refraction
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to take place at the convex spherical surface from rarer to denser medium.
b. A converging lens has a focal length of 20 cm in air. It is made of a material of refractive index 1.6. If it is
immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.3, find its new focal length.

64. i. Draw a ray diagram for the formation of the image of a point object by a thin double convex lens having [5]
radii of curvatures R1 and R2 and hence, derive lens maker's formula.
ii. Define power of a lens and give its SI unit. If a convex lens of length 50 cm is placed in contact coaxially
with a concave lens of focal length 20 cm, what is the power of the combination?

65. i. Plot a graph to show variation of the angle of deviation as a function of angle of incidence for light passing [5]
through a prism. Derive an expression for refractive index of the prism in terms of angle of minimum
deviation and angle of prism.
ii. A ray of light incident normally on one face of a right isosceles prism is totally reflected as shown in figure.
What must be the minimum value of refractive index of glass? Give relevant calculations.

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66. A thin equiconvex lens (radius of curvature of either face being 33 cm) is placed on a horizontal plane mirror [5]
and a pin held 20 cm vertically above the lens coincides in position with its own image. The space between the
lower surface of the lens and the mirror is filled with a liquid and then, to coincide with the image as before, the
pin has to be raised to a distance of 25 cm from the lens. Find the refractive index of the liquid.
67. i. Draw a labelled ray diagram to obtain the real image formed by an astronomical telescope in normal [5]
adjustment position. Define its magnifying power.
ii. You are given three lenses of power 0.5 D, 4D and 10 D to design a telescope.

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a. Which lenses should be used as objective and eyepiece? Justify your answer.
b. Why is the aperture of the objective preferred to be large?
68. Figure shows a modified Young's double-slit experimental set up. Here SS2 - SS1 = 
λ

4
[5]

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i. State the condition for constructive and destructive interference.
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ii. Obtain an expression for the fringe width.

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iii. Locate the position of the central fringe.

69. i. There are two sets of apparatus of Young's double-slit experiment. Inset A, the phase difference between the [5]
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two waves emanating from the slits does not change with time, whereas in set B, the phase difference
between the two waves from the slits changes rapidly with time. What difference will be observed in the
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pattern obtained on the screen in the two setups?

ii. Deduce the expression for the resultant intensity in both the above-mentioned setups (A and B), assuming
that the waves emanating from the two slits have the same amplitude a and same wavelength λ .
70. A small transparent slab containing material of μ  = 1.5 is placed along AS2 (Figure). What will be the distance [5]
from O of the principal maxima and of the first minima on either side of the principal maxima obtained in the
absence of the glass slab?

AC = CO = D, S1C = S2C = d << D

71. i. What is the effect on the interference fringes to a Young's double slit experiment when [5]

a. the separation between the two slits is decreased?

b. the width of the source slit is increased?

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 c. the monochromatic source is replaced by a source of white light? Justify your answer in each case.
ii. The intensity at the central maxima in Young's double slit experimental set up is I . Show that the intensity
0

I0
at a point is , where the path difference is λ

3
.
4

72. Describe Young's double slit experiment to produce an interference pattern due to a monochromatic source of [5]
light. Deduce the expression for the fringe width.
73. a. Draw a diagram showing the Young's arrangement' for producing a sustained interference pattern. Hence [5]
obtain the expression for the width of the interference fringes obtained in this pattern.
b. If the principal source point S were to be moved a little upwards, towards the slit S1 from its usual
symmetrical position, with respect to the two slits S1 and S2, discuss how the interference pattern, obtained

on the screen, would get affected.

74. i. Describe briefly how a diffraction pattern is obtained on a screen due to a single narrow slit illuminated by a [5]

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monochromatic source of light. Hence, obtain the conditions for the angular width of secondary maxima and
secondary minima.
ii. Two wavelengths of sodium light of 590 nm and 596 nm are used in turn to study the diffraction taking place

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at a single slit of aperture 2 × 10 . The distance between the slit and the screen is 1.5m. Calculate the
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separation between the positions of first maxima of the diffraction pattern obtained in the two cases.
75. Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
[5]

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Power (P) of a lens is given by reciprocal of focal length (f) of the lens i.e., P =
1
, where f is in metre and P is
f

in dioptre. For a convex lens, power is positive and for a concave lens, power is negative. When a number of
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thin lenses of powers P 1, P2 , P3 , ... are held in contact with one another, the power of the combination is given
by algebraic sum of the powers of all the lenses i.e., P = P1 + P2 + P3 + ....
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i. A convex and a concave lens separated by distance d are then put in contact. The focal length of the
combination
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a. becomes 0
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b. remains the same

c. decreases
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d. increases.
ii. If two lenses of power +1.5 D and +1.0 D are placed in contact, then the effective power of combination will
be
a. 2.5 D
b. 1.5 D
c. 0.5 D
d. 3.25 D
iii. If the power of a lens is +5 dioptre, what is the focal length of the lens?
a. 10 cm
b. 20 cm
c. 15 cm
d. 5 cm
iv. Two thin lenses of focal lengths +10 cm and -5 cm are kept in contact. The power of the combination is
a. -10 D

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 b. -20 D
c. 10 D
d. 15 D
v. A convex lens of focal length 25 cm is placed coaxially in contact with a concave lens of focal length 20 cm.
The system will be
a. converging in nature
b. diverging in nature
c. can be converging or diverging
d. None of the above

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