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F M1
po c1
p
& c c2 velocity
p1 = p2 pressure
co
W.D
c1 : m/s
ho ,h1: kJ/kg O1r O2r
w1 2/2 w2 2/2
O2
c2 2/2
hb 2
hn 1
1t
C : Absolute velocity
U : Blade velocity
W : Relative velocity
Cw : Tangential velocity
Tc : Specific axial thrust
Nw
W.D 0
u(c1 cos α1 c2 cos α 2 )
m
1 1 2
c2 w2
2
c1 w1
Tc u
u
cw1 cw2
0.80
0.60
0.40 w =w
1 2
1 2
1 = 10 deg.
0.20 1 = 20 deg.
0.00
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00
x = u/ c1
Prof. Dr. Abd El-hamid
• Heat losses in impulse turbine stage
1- heat losses through nozzles
2 2 2 2
c c c (1 k ) kJ/kg
Δh n 1th 1 1th n
2000 2000
2- heat losses through moving blades
w12 w 22 w12 (1 k b2 )
Δh b kJ/kg
2000 2000
w2 under deflection
over deflection
1.0
steady flow
w1/c1
unsteady unsteady
flow flow
o
m
μ o
m th
o πd o lo μεco sin α o
m
vo
lo l1 l2
o πd1l1μεc1 sin α1
m
v1
o πd 2 l 2μεc 2 sin α 2
m
do d1 d2 v2
where
d mean blade diameter (m)
l blade height (m)
degree of partial admission
discharge coefficient