Uṣ ūl Qirā-at

Al-Kisā-ī
{Al-Layth & Ad-Dūrī}

Bismi Allāhi Arrahmāni Arrahīm

In the name of Allāh, the most
Beneficent, the most Merciful
 Table of contents
Table of contents…………………..…….…………………..…….4
The Tajwīd Rules of Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī ...………………...…….....6
1. The Basmalah between two sūrahs…………...…....….…..…....6
2. Sūratul-Fātiḥah and 3. Al-Madd AlFar˘ī………....…....…….....6
4. Mīm al-Jam˘ and the hā that precedes it ……..……...…...….....7
5. Hā-al-Kināyah……….……………………..…....…….....……..7
6. The Repetitive Istifhām Mukarrar ……….……..…….....…..…9
7. (A) Al-Idghām As-Ŝaghīr………..………………...…….....…10
7. (B) Idghām of the letters close in makhraj…...................…..…11
8. Al-Imālah…………………………………....……...…………13
9. Ways of Stopping on ˘Uthmanic Muṣḥaf Script ......…….…..19
10. The Single and Double hamzah……….…...….……………..21
11. Ishmām With a Ḥarkah or Letter ……………………....…….22
12. Al-Kisā-ī’s special words (Farsh)………...…...…….……….23
13. Yā-āt Al-Iḍāfah……………………………….……….....…..26
14. Yā-āt az-Zawā-id……...………..……………...……….……30
15. Refrences…………………..…..…………….……….......…..31

THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF QIRĀ-AT AL-KISĀ-Ī is

mentioned in reference to Ḥafṣ’s recitation and upon evidences
from Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh. The verses from Ash-Shāṭibiyyāh that
concern the tajweed rules of Al-Kisā-ī’s Recitation will be written
in Arabic and in blue text. The Rā is an indication to Al-Kisā-ī’s
recitation, Sīn is for Al-Layth and Tā is for Ad-Dūrī

Imām Qāsim ibn Ahmad Ash-Shāṭibī (d. 548 A.H.) wrote a poem,
consisting of 1173 couplets, about the seven authentic Mutawātir
Qirā-āt, which he called Ḥirz al-Amānī wa Wajh at-Tahānī, it is
better known as the Shāṭibiyyāh.

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 4

 The Tajwīd Rules of Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī

َ ْ ََ ْ ْ َ َْ ْ َ ٌّ َ َّ َ َ
‫َس َبل‬ ‫اْلح َر يام فييهي ت‬
‫اكن يف ي‬ *** ‫لَع فالك َيسائيي نع ُت ُه ل َيما‬
‫ وأما ي‬- 93

7) Al-Kisā-ī Al-Kūfī: He is Abū Al-Ḥasan ˘Alī ibn Ḥamzah ibn

˘Abdillāh, originally from ˘Irāq, born around 120 A.H. to a Persian
family (non-Arab background). He was given the nickname Kisā-ī
because he made Iḥrām in a Kisā’ (wrap). He learnt the Qur-ān
from different shiyūkh, such as Ḥamza ibn Ḥabīb, his sheikh, al-
A˘mash, ˘Āṣim, Shu˘bah ˘an ˘Āṣim, Nāfi˘ and others. He travelled
to Al-Baṣrah to learn the Arabic language from Al-Khalīl ibn
Aḥmād and became the most knowledgable of his generation in
Arabic Grammar. He is considered one of the classical scholars.
He authored numerous books and excelled in the science of the
Qirā-āt. Students used to flock to him to listen to the entire Qur-ān,
and they even used to record where he stopped and started every
verse. The Khalīfah Harūn ar-Rashīd used to hold him in great
esteem and learned from him. He passed away 189 A.H.
َ َ َْ ْ َ َ ُ ٌ ْ َ َ َ َ ْ َُ ُْ َ ْ َُُْ َ َ
‫يف اليك ير قد خل‬
‫الرضا وحفص *** هو ادلوريي و ي‬ ‫ث ي‬
‫ روى َلثهم عنه أبو اْلاري ي‬- 04

His two primary students who preserved his qirā-ah are:

i) Al-Layth: He is Abū Al-Ḥārith Al-Layth ibn Khālid al-
Baghdādī. He was a righteous man, recited the Qur-ān directly to
his imām Al-Kisā-ī, and was his best friend. He died 240 A.H.
ii) Ad-Dūrī: He is Ḥafṣ ibn ˘Umar ibn ˘Abdul ˘Azīz ad-Dūrī (150-
246 A.H.). He was born in ad-Dūr, close to Baghdād. He was the
chief qārī and the first to compile different qira-āt, despite the fact
that he was blind. He is the same Dūrī who is the student of Abī
˘Amr ulBaṣrī (the 3rd Qārī), for he studied and preserved both of
these Qirā-āt.

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 5

THE BASMALAH/ AL-FĀTIḥA/ AL-MADD AL-FAR˘Ī
َ َ ً َ َ ٌ ََْ ََْ ََ ََْ
‫ري َجال ن َم ْوها دي ْر َية َوَتَمل‬ *** ‫ْي ب ي ُس َّن ٍة‬
‫ وبسمل بْي السورت ي‬- 011

Al-Kisā-ī follows Ḥafṣ ˘an ˘Āṣim in some rules of recitation, such

as: 1- Using the basmalah to connect between the sūrahs.

ۡ َ ‫ َمل ي‬Reading mālikī yawmi addīn in sūrat Al-Fātiḥah.

‫يك يو يم ٱدل ي‬
2- ٤ ‫يين‬

ٌ ‫ َو َمال ييك يَ ْو يم ادليين َراويهي نَا َ ي‬-841

‫ص‬
Imām Ash-Shāṭibī states: *** ‫ي ي‬

3- Counting the Basmalah as the first āyah of sūrat Al-Fātiḥa

4- Reading madd Muttaṣṣil and Munfaṣṣil in tawassuṭ, 4 ḥarakāt.
َ‫ َو َشا يء‬-‫ ُس يوء‬-‫ز ُؤ ُه ْم‬ ‫ي ُ َ َ َ ۡ ُ ُ ي َ َ َ َ َّ ُ ي ْ َ َ ي َّ َ ُ ي ْ َّ َ َ ۡ َ َ َ َ َ َٰٓ َ ي‬
َٰٓ َ ‫ َج‬/ ‫ه ُؤَلءي‬ َٰٓ -‫يأهل‬
-‫يأيها‬ َٰٓ -‫قالوا إين‬-‫أَل إين‬-‫فتوَّكوا إين‬-‫وأمرهۥ إيل‬-‫يف أميها‬

َ َ ً َ ْ َّ َ ََ ٌَ َ َ َ ُ ْ ُ ْ
‫ين ييف عيوجا بل‬
‫*** لَع أل ييف اتلنوي ي‬ ‫ َو َسك َتة َحف ٍص دون ق ْط ٍع ل يطيفة‬- 194
َ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ ُ َْ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ُ َ
‫وصل‬ ‫*** ران واْلاقون َل سكت م‬ ‫ون َم ْن َراق َو َم ْرقدينا َوَل يم بَل‬
ٍ ‫ و ييف ن‬- 198
Note: None of the Qurrā’ make a short pause (sakt) in the 4 places
of the obligatory sakt of Ḥafṣ, rather they connect, make waṣl only.

‫اق‬ َّ َ
ٍ ‫ من ر‬with imālah of ََ‫بَلَرَانَ= برَان‬
The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 6
 4- Mīm Al-Jam˘ And The Hā That Precedes It

Mīm al-jam˘ refers to that mīm which indicates masculinity and

ُ ُ ُ
plurality appearing after a hā, tā or kāf (‫ ه ْم‬-‫ ك ْم‬-‫(ت ْم‬
َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ َْ َ ْ َ َ ُ ََْ ُ ْ ُ ْ َ
‫َس ف ََت ال َعل‬ ‫يُك وبعد الهاءي ك‬ٍ ‫*** ل‬ ‫ك ٍن‬ ‫ون َوص ٍل ض َّم َها قبل َسا ي‬
‫ ومين د ي‬- 001
َ َ َ َّ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ َْ َ ً َ َْ َ َْ َْ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ
‫َس ال َها يء بالض َّم ش ْملل‬ ‫*** ويف الوص يل ك‬ ‫َس قبل الها أوي اَلاءي ساكينا‬
‫ مع الك ي‬- 001
َ ْ َ ْ ُْ ْ َ ُ َ
ْ ‫ك‬ ْ ُ ْ َ َ َّ ُ ُ َ ْ َ ْ ُ َ َ
‫َس ُمك يمل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ُك بيال‬
‫*** ق يتال وق يف ل يل ي‬ ‫ كما ب ي يهم اْلسباب ثم علي يهم ال‬- 001

Mīm al-jam˘ can appear before a sākin or mutaḥarrik letter.

A- If it is preceding a sākin, then all the qurrā` read the mīm with a
temporary ḍammah, without ṣilah, to avoid the meeting of 2 sākin.
ُ ۡ ُ َ َ َ ُ َۡ ُ َُ ۡ ََ َ ُ ُۡ ُ ُۡ
‫عل ۡيك ُم ٱل يق َتال‬-‫َثه ُم ٱلفسيقون‬ ‫ مينهم ٱلمؤمينون وأك‬.
B- If the hā before the mīm is preceded by kasrah or a sākin yā,
then Al-Kisā-ī reads both the hā and the mīm with ḍammah.
َۡ ُ
ُ‫ٱْل ْس َباب‬ َ ْ ُ ُ َ ُ َّ ُ ُ ُ ُ َّ ُ ُ َ ُ ُ َ ۡ ُ ُ ۡ َ َ َّ ُ ُ َ ۡ ُ َّ ُ ُ ۡ َ َ
‫بيه ُم‬-‫ْي‬
‫إ يَلهم ٱثن ي‬-‫ي يريهم ال‬- ‫يوف ييهم ٱل‬- ‫عليهم ٱلقيتال‬-‫ق يبلتيهم ٱل يَت‬- ‫عليهم ٱليلة‬
During waqf on mīm al-jam˘, all the qurrā` read the same as Ḥafṣ.
C- If the mīm al-jam˘ is followed by a mutaḥarrik letter, then it is
read with sukūn.

5. HĀ-UL-KINĀYAH, PRONOUN

Hā-ul-Kināyah: is the direct object hā that denotes a single male,

third person and is not part of the original root of a word. )‫(ـه‬
The general rule for the mutaḥarrik Hā-ul-Kināyah in the recitation
of Ḥafṣ ˘an ˘Āsim, (i) if it is located between two mutaḥarrik

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 7

letters, then lengthen its kasrah or ḍammah (ṣilah ṣughra) with yā
َّ َ
or wāw of 2 ḥarkāt, as in: ‫ٱس َم َرب يهيۦ ف َصّل‬ َ ۡ ُ‫َسهُۥ ل ۡيلي‬
ۡ ‫ َو َذ َك َر‬- ‫َسى‬ ُ ‫فَ َس ُنيَ ي‬

(ii) If hamzatul qaṭ˘ follows hā-ul-Kināyah, then it is lengthened as

َ ُُ َ
a madd munfaṣṣil (ṣilah kubra) to 4 ḥarkāt, as in: ‫ال يۥ إ يذا‬‫م‬

Al-Kisā-ī recites hā-ul-Kināyah with ṣilah in general, so the

following words are read in a different way from Ḥafṣ.
َ ََۡ َ َ َ َ ۡ
1- In 27: 28 }‫كت يِب هذا فأل يقِهي ييۦ إ ي َۡل يه ۡم‬‫{ٱذهب ب ي ي‬

َ ُ ‫َ ُ ْ َ َٰٓ َ ُ ُ ۡ َ ي‬ ُ َ ‫ٱل َو َر ُس‬

َ َّ ‫ولۥ َو َي ۡخ َش‬ َ َّ ‫{ َو َمن يُ يطعي‬
2- In 24: 52 }‫ٱل َو َي َّتقيهيۦ فأولئيك هم ٱلفائيزون‬

ُ َ َ ْ ُ َۡ
3- The only 1 with a ḍammah is in 39: 7 }‫{ِإَون تشك ُروا يَ ۡرض ُهو لك ۡم‬.
َ َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ َ َّ َ ٌّ َ َ ْ َ ً َ ْ َْ ُ ْ ْ َ ٌ َ َ َ
‫*** ويف الهاءي ضم لف دعواه حرمل‬ ‫جئه بيالهم يز ساكينا‬
‫ وىع نفر أر ي‬- 011
َ َ ُ ْ َ َ ُ ً َ َْ َ ْ َْ ْ ْ َ َ َ ً َ ْ ْ ََ
‫ب تلي وصل‬ ٍ ‫صلها جوادا دون ري‬ ‫و ي‬ *** ‫ريهيم‬ ‫كن) ن يصريا فاز واك يَس ل يغ ي‬ ‫ – (وأس ي‬011
ْ َْ
He recites ‫جه‬ ‫ أر ي‬in (26: 36) and (7: 111) with a kasrah and a ṣilah.
َ َ ‫َۡ َي‬ ۡ ََۡ ُ َ ََ ۡ َْ ُ َ َ
‫ي‬ َ ‫َۡ َي‬ ۡ َ ۡ َ ُ َ ََ ۡ َ
4- ‫ِشين‬ ‫جهيۦ وأخاه وأرسيل ييف ٱلمدائ ي ين ح ي ي‬
‫قالوا أر ي‬-‫ِشين‬ ‫جهيۦ وأخاه وابعث ييف ٱلمدائ ي ين ح ي ي‬ ‫أر ي‬
َ َّ َ ْ َ ْ َ ْ ََ ُْ ََ ْ ْ َ َّ ُ َ َْ ْ َ ََ
‫*** ومعه عليهي ال ييف الفتحي وصل‬ ‫َس أنسان ييهي ضم يْلف يص يهم‬ ‫ وها ك ي‬- 411
ۡ
Note: Only Ḥafṣ reads this qāf ‫ َو َي َّتقههي ق‬with sukūn, and also the
following hā-al- Kināyah with a ḍammah, and with tafkhīm lām of
ْ
Ism ulJalālah. Ḥafṣ’s special words: in sūrat an-nur 5- ‫ ويتقههي‬6-
َّ َّ َ‫َ َ ُ ََي‬ َ َّ ‫ٱل (ب َما َع َه َد َعلَ ۡيههي‬
َ َّ ‫ َعلَ ۡي ُه‬-1 ،48:10.
ُ)‫ٱلش ۡي َطن‬ َ
‫ أنسىن ييه (وما أنسىن ييهي إيَل‬18:63 )‫ٱل‬ ‫ي‬
The remaining qurrā read tarqīq of lām Ism ulJalālah and shorten
hā-al-Kināyah to 0 ḥarkah ‫ُل ف ۡييهي ُم َهانا‬
ً ۡ ُ ‫ َو َي ۡخ‬.

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 8

 ‫)‪1. Repetitive Questioning (Istifhām Mukarrar‬‬

‫‪Istifhām Mukarrar is a repeated form of questioning in an āyah,‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫َ ۡ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َّ ُ َ ً َ َّ َ‬
‫ييهد ‪(i.e.,‬‬
‫هي خله جد ٍ‬‫‪) in which a hamzah of istifhām‬أءيذا كنها ُ بها أءينها ل ي‬
‫‪carries a fatḥah, and the 2nd hamzah carries a kasrah. Al-Kisā-ī‬‬
‫‪differs from Ḥafṣ in reciting 10 āyāt in the Qur-ān with only 1‬‬
‫‪question in the 1st position and 1 statement (Ikhbār) at the 2nd‬‬
‫‪position. In sūrat an-Naml: 67, he adds a nūn in the 2nd‬‬
‫َّ‬
‫ييد} [‪(. 1- Al-Kisā-ī reads [13: 5‬إين َنا) ‪position‬‬
‫د‬ ‫‪{.‬أ َإ َذا ُك َّنا ُُ َرابا ً إنَّا لَي َخ ۡل َ‬
‫ج‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ي ي‬ ‫ي‬
‫َ َّ َ ُ ْ ْ َ ْ ُ َ َّ َ‬ ‫ََ ُ َ ْ َْ ُ َْ َ‬
‫*** أئينا فذو استيفها ٍم الُك أوَل‬ ‫ام ُه َن ُو آئيذا‬ ‫‪ - 913‬وما ك يرر استيفه‬
‫َّ َ َ َ ً َ َ‬ ‫َ َْ‬ ‫وت ُُمْ ً‬ ‫َْْ َُ‬ ‫َ ُ َ َ َ َّ‬
‫اِن أَت راشيدا وَل‬ ‫*** وهو يف اثل ي‬ ‫ِبا‬ ‫‪ - 938‬ودون يعنا ٍد عم ييف العنكب ي ي‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ً َّ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َْْ َ‬
‫*** َو َزاداهُ نونا إين َنا عن ُه َما اع َتل‬ ‫وت َوه َو ييف اْلَّ ْم يل ك ْن ريضا‬ ‫‪ - 937‬س َيوى العنك ُب ي‬

‫ُ َ‬ ‫َ ً َ ً َّ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َْ َ ُ‬
‫‪َ {-1/2‬وقال يوا أإ يذا ك َّنا عيظاما َو ُرفاُا إينا ل َم ۡب ُعوثون} [‪]17: 49, 98‬‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫ُ ُ ً َ ً َّ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َْ َ‬
‫‪{-1‬قال يوا أإ يذا م ۡيت َنا َوك َّنا ُ َرابا َوعيظاما إ ينا ل َم ۡب ُعوثون} [‪]23: 82‬‬
‫َ َ َ َّ َ َ َ ُ ي ْ َ َ ُ َّ ُ َ ً َ َ َ ُ َ َّ َ َ ُ ۡ َ ُ َ‬
‫لين كفروا أإ يذا كنا ُرابا وءابآؤنآ إ يننا لمخرجون} [‪]27: 67‬‬ ‫‪{-1‬وقال ٱ ي‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫َّ ُ ْ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َّ ُ ۡ َ َ ُ َ ۡ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫لرجال} [‪]29: 28, 29‬‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫‪{-1‬أإ ينكم تلأُون ٱلفاحيشة ما سبقكم}‪{ -‬أئ ينكم تلأُون ٱ ي‬
‫َ‬ ‫َّ َ َ ۡ‬ ‫َۡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ ُيْ َ َ َ َ ۡ‬
‫ييد } [‪]32: 10‬‬ ‫ۡرض إ ينا ل يي خل جد ٍ‬ ‫‪{-1‬وقالوا أإ يذا ضللنا ييف ٱْل ي‬
‫َّ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ ۡ َ َ ُ َّ ُ َ ً َ َ ً َّ َ َ ۡ ُ ُ َ‬
‫‪{-4‬أإ يذا ميتنا وكنا ُرابا وعيظاما إ ينا لمبعوثون}‪ -9 /‬إ ينا لمديينون} [‪]37: 16, 53‬‬
‫َ َ ُ َ ُ ُ َ َ َ ۡ َ َ ُ َّ ُ َ ً َ َ ً َّ َ َ ۡ ُ ُ َ‬
‫‪{-01‬وَكنوا يقولون أإ يذا ميتنا وكنا ُرابا وعيظاما إينا لمبعوثون} [‪]56: 48‬‬
‫َ ُ َّ َ ً َّ َ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َُ ُ َ َ ََ ۡ ُ ُ َ‬
‫‪{-00‬يقولون أإ ينا لمردودون ييف ٱْلاف يرة ي}{ إيذا كنا عيظاما َّنيرة} [‪]79: 10, 11‬‬

‫‪Al-Kisā-ī differs from Ḥafṣ in reciting 29: 28 with a question.‬‬

‫‪The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

 1 (A)- Al-Idghām Aṣ-Ŝaghīr

Al-Idghām Al-ṣaghīr occurs when (the mudghām) a sākin letter

precedes a mutaḥarrik letter, so they become one mushadd letter.
This idghām has 3 categories: Mutamāthil-mutajānis-mutaqārib.

This chapter revolves around the idghām of dāl (in qad) into 8
letters, dthāl (of idth) into 6 letters, tā-ut-Ta-nīth into 1 letters and
lām (of hal and bal) into 3 letters and 7 letters, respectively.
َ ْ َ َ ْ ْ ْ َ ْ َْ ََُ ََ ً َْ َْ َ َ
‫َو ييف هل َو َبل فاح َتل بيذيهن يك أح َيل‬ *** ‫ث‬
‫ و ييف دا يل قد أيضا وُا ٍء مؤن ي‬-258

Al-Kisā-ī makes Idghām of dāl (in qad) into 8 letters

َ ً َ َ ‫ب جلَتْ ُه‬ ٌ َ‫َز ْرن‬ َّ َ َ ً َ ‫ َوقَ ْد َس‬- 767
‫صب ُاه شائيقا َو ُم َعل يل‬ *** ‫ت ذيْل ضفا ظل‬
ْ ‫ح َب‬

َ‫ َولَ َقد َّز َّينا‬- ‫ َف َقد َّظلَ َم‬- ‫ّض ۡب َنا‬ َ

َ َّ ‫ َولَ َقد‬-‫ َولَ َقد َّذ َرأنَا‬-‫ قَد َّس يم َع‬:‫ش‬-‫ص‬-‫ج‬-‫ز‬-‫ظ‬-‫ض‬-‫ذ‬-‫س‬
َ َ َّ َ ۡ َّ َّ َ َ َ ٓ َ
‫ قد شغف َها‬- ‫صف َنا‬ ‫ ولقد‬-ََّّ‫ قد جَّاءَّكَّ ۡم‬-

He makes Idghām of dthāl (in idth) into 5 letters ‫س‬-‫د‬-‫ص‬-‫ز‬-‫ت‬

‫سِم (مجال×) واصل من ُوصل‬ َّ ‫*** دل َها ي‬ ‫زينب صال‬ ُ ‫ نعم إذ ُمشت‬- 753
َ ٌ َ ْ َُ َ َ ََْ ُ َ ْ َُ َ ْ
‫اصف َجل‬ ‫وأظهر ريا قو يل ي و ي‬ *** ‫دو َام ن َسي يم َها‬ ‫ارها أجرى‬ ‫ فإيظه‬- 764
َ ‫إذ َّد َخ ۡل‬-‫ص ۡف َنا (إذ َّد َخلُوا‬ َ َّ ۡ َّ
َ ‫ّتلُ ُ )(ِإَوذ َّز َّي‬ َّ
(‫ت)(إ يذ َّس يم ۡع ُت ُموه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
َ َّ ‫ت) ِإَوذ‬
ۡ ‫اغ‬‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ِإَو‬- ‫ن‬ ‫ِإَوذ‬-‫(إ يذ ت ۡم يش‬

He makes iṫĥhār of the dthāl (in idth) with ‫ ج‬jīm, only.

Al-Kisā-ī makes idghām of the feminine tā into 1 letters

َ َ ً َ ً َْ ْ َ ُ ْ ُ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ْ َََْ
‫مجع َن ُو ُرودا باريدا ع يطر ي‬
‫الطل‬ *** ‫ وأبدت سنا ثغ ٍر صفت زرق ظل يمهي‬- 766

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 10

 ُُ ُ َ ‫ َح ي‬-‫ود‬ ُ ُ َّ َ َّ َ َ َ َ َ ۡ َّ َ َ َ َ َّ َّ َ ‫َ َ ي‬
-‫وره ۡم‬‫صت صد‬ ‫كذبت ثم‬-)‫أۢنبتت سبع سناب يل‬-‫ج (وجاءت سيارة‬-‫ظ‬-‫ز‬-‫ص‬-‫ث‬-‫س‬
ُ ُ ُ َ ً َّ َ ُ َۡ َ َّ ُ
.‫ض َجت جلوده ۡم‬ ‫ ن ي‬- ‫ اكنت ظال ي َمة‬- ‫ك َما خ َبت زيدناه ۡم‬

Al-Kisā-ī Makes Idghām of lām (in hal / bal) into 3/7 Letters
َ ُ َْ َ ََ َ َ ْ‫َزي‬ ْ ََ ْ َُ ‫ أَل بَ ْل َو َه ْل‬- 214
‫ّض َو ُمبْ َتل‬
ٍ ‫ح‬ ‫يل‬
‫ط‬ ‫ا‬‫اه‬‫و‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ري‬ ‫م‬
‫ي‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬
ٍ ‫ن‬ *** ‫ن‬
‫ي‬ ‫ظع‬ ‫ا‬‫ن‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ي‬‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬
َ َ ََْ ً ْ َ ُ َ ٌ َُ ٌ َ َ َ ََْ َ َ َ َ ََْ
‫وقور ثناه َس ُيما وقد حل‬ *** ‫اضل‬ ‫او وأدغم ف ي‬ ٍ ‫ فأدغمها ر‬-798
َّ َّ ۡ َّ َّ ُ ‫بَل َّظ َن‬-‫بَل َّط َب َع‬-‫ت‬ ْ َ‫ بَل َّس َّول‬:‫ت‬-‫ن‬-‫ز‬-‫ض‬-‫ظ‬-‫ط‬-‫س‬
-‫بَل نتب ي ُع‬-‫بَل َن ُن‬-‫بَل زي ي َن‬-‫بَل ضلوا‬-‫نت ْم‬
َ ۡ ُ ُ َّ َ ۡ ُ ُ َ َ َ َ ۡ ُ َ َ َّ َ َ ُ ۡ َ ُ ۡ َّ َ
َّ‫هل‬-‫هل ندلكم‬-‫هل ننب يئكم‬-‫ت) هل ثويب‬-‫ن‬-‫ (ث‬/‫بل ُأُيهم‬-‫بل ُؤث يرون‬-‫بل نقذيف‬
َ َّ َ
‫هلَّت ۡعل ُم‬-‫ تَّرَّى‬Note: the underlined words have idghām with ghunnah.

(i) Mutajānis: the letters being merged come from the same
makhraj, but have different ṣifāt. This occurs for naṭ˘iyyah letters:
(‫ت‬-‫ط‬-‫)د‬, lathawiyyah (‫ظ‬-‫ث‬-‫ )ذ‬and shafawiyyah letters (‫م‬-‫ف‬-‫و‬-‫ )ب‬.
(ii) Mutamāthil: the letters being merged are identical, come from
the same makhraj and have the same ṣifāt.

(iii) Mutaqārib: when the letters being merged come from two
different makhārij – close in proximity, and have different (but
َُْ
similar) ṣifāt: Examples: The letters qāf and kāf: ‫َّنلقك ْم‬, the letters
َ َّ ُ َ
lām and rā ‫ بَل َّرف َع ُه‬- ‫ب‬
‫وقل ر ي‬

7 (B) Idghām of Letters Close in Makhraj

I. Idghām of A- bā` majzūmah into fā` and vice-versa
َ ً َ ْ َُ ْ َ َ ً َ
‫صدا َوَل‬
‫*** َحييدا وخ يري ييف يتب قا ي‬
ْ َ َْ َ ْ ‫ – َو(إ ي ْد ََغ ُم) باءي‬799
‫اْل ْز يم ييف الفا ٍء قد ر َسا‬

Al-Kisā-ī makes idghām of bā majzūmah with a sukūn or

mabniyyah with sukūn into fā. They appear in 5 places in Qur-ān:
The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 11
 ‫َّ َ‬ ‫َ ۡ‬ ‫َ ۡ َ َّ َ َ ٌ َ ُ‬
‫ب قول ُه ۡم(‪)(sūrat an-Nisā`),‬أ ۡو َيغل يب ف َسوف(‬ ‫‪ِ)(sūrat ar-Ra˘d),‬إَون تعجب فعج‬
‫ك ييف ۡ َ‬
‫ٱْل َياة ي(‬
‫َ َ َ ۡ َ َّ َّ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ َ ۡ َ‬
‫‪- al-Isrā`),‬قال اذهب ف َمن ُب ي َعك( ‪- sūrat Tāhā),‬قال فاذهب فإن ل‬
‫َّ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َۡ َ‬ ‫َ ۡ َۡ‬
‫‪ (Saba’: 9).‬إين ي َشأ َيسيف ب ي ُه ُم ٱْلۡرض‪َ )(al-Hujurāt). /‬و َمن ل ۡم َي ُتب فأ ْو َٰٓلئيك( ‪and‬‬

‫)‪I. Idghām of B- bā majzūmah into mīm (shafaweyyah letters‬‬

‫‪ in‬م ‪ mabniyyah with sukūn/majzūmah into mīm‬ب`‪He merges bā‬‬

‫كفير َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ۡ َ َّ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َّ َ ۡ َ‬
‫ين) ‪sūrat Hūd‬‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ن ٱركب معنا وَل ُكن مع ٱل‬ ‫‪) and sūrat al-Baqarah:‬يب ي‬
‫ٱلُۖ َف َي ۡغ يف ۡر ل َيمن ي َ َشا ي ُء َو ُي َع يذب َّمن ي َ َشا يءُ‬ ‫ُ ۡ َۡ ُُۡ ُ َُ ۡ ُ‬
‫كم بهي َّ ُ‬ ‫ُُۡ ْ َ ي َ ُ‬
‫ي‬ ‫سكم أو ّتفوه ُياسيب‬
‫ِإَون تبدوا ما ييف أنف ي‬

‫‪II. Al-Kisā-ī makes Idghām of the A- dthāl into tā` in 1 words‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َ َّ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َََ ُْ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ْ ُ ََ ْ َ‬
‫شواهيد َحا ٍد وأوريثتوا حل‬ ‫***‬ ‫ي‬
‫‪ - 793‬وعذت لَع (إيدَغمهي) ونبذُها‬
‫َ َ َ َْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ َ ُْ‬ ‫ََ ُْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬
‫َ‬
‫اْلفرادي اعَش دغفل‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫أخذتم و ييف ي‬ ‫***‬ ‫‪َ - 719‬وطس عين َد ال يميم فا َزا اّتذت ْم‬

‫ُ‬
‫)ِإَوِن ُعذت ب ي َّر يب َو َرب يك ْم( ‪1-‬‬ ‫َََ َ‬
‫‪) Ṭāhā.‬فنبذتها( ‪ Sūrahs: Ghāfir, ad-Dukhān 2-‬ي‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ْ َ ََ‬ ‫َ َ َ ُ ۡ ُ َّ َ ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َّ َ َّ َ َ ۡ ۡ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َّ َ ۡ َ‬
‫الين كفروا) ‪3-‬‬ ‫صي‪-‬فأخذتهم‪-‬ثم أخذت ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫إ‬ ‫م‬ ‫يك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫لَع‬ ‫م‬ ‫ذت‬ ‫خ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ذت‬ ‫ٱّت‬ ‫ن‬
‫‪(.‬اّتذتم‪ -‬ل ي‬
‫ي‬ ‫ئ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫أوريثت ُموها ‪II. Al-Kisā-ī makes Idghām of B- thā into tā in 2 words 1-‬‬
‫ُ َ َ ۡ َ ۡ َ َّ ُ َّ ي ُ ۡ ُ ُ َ َ ُ ُ ۡ َ ۡ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ۡ ُ ُ ۡ َّ ُ ُ‬
‫)‪ ُ (7: 43‬يلكم َ‬
‫ٱْلنة أوريثتموها‪-‬وُ يلك ٱْلنة ٱل يَت أوريثتموها بيما كنتم تعملون )‪(43: 72‬‬

‫ت الْ َف ْر َد َو َ‬
‫اْل ْم ُع َو َّصل‬ ‫اب َْلثْ َ‬‫*** ثَ َو َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ص َصاد َم ْر َي َم َم ْن يُ يرد‬
‫َ ْ َ ْ‬
‫ي‬ ‫‪ – 717‬وحير يم ن ي‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َ َّ َ‬
‫ثت‪ْ-‬ل يثت‪-‬ك ۡم ْل يثت ۡم ( ‪2- in‬‬ ‫‪ْ) singular or plural, throughout the Qur-ān.‬ل ي‬

‫‪The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

 II. Idghām of the C- dāl into dthāl & thā
ۡ ٓ ‫( ٓكهَّي‬at the end of the
ٓ ‫َّع‬
Al-Kisā-ī recites with idghām dāl ‫ ذيك ُر‬١ََّّ‫َّص‬
ۡ ٓ ‫ٓكهَّي‬
letter Ŝād of the 1st word in sūrat Maryam) into dthāl َّ‫َّع ٓصَّذَّكر‬
َ ‫ (يُرد ثَّ َو‬into thā in Āli ˘Imrān.
Al-Kisā-ī also merges the dāl )‫اب‬ ‫ي‬
َ َ ْ ْ َ ْ َ ُ ْ ُْ ُ َ ْ ْ
‫يهم خل‬‫َون َوفيهي اللف عن ورش‬ *** ‫عن فَت َحق ُه بَ َدا‬ )‫ َويس (أظ يه ْر‬- 718

III. Idghām of sākin nūn into the wāw A- in "‫ "يس‬sūrat YāSīn. َّ
‫ييم‬ َ ۡ ‫ان‬
‫ٱْلك ي‬ َُۡۡ َ َّ ٓ ‫ي‬
‫ وٱلقرء ي‬١ ‫َّس‬
َ َ َۡ ‫ي‬
B- of sūrat al-Qalam. ١ ‫ن َوٱلقل يم َو َما ي َ ۡس ُط ُرون‬

Al-Layth Abūl Ḥārith makes Idghām 6 lām majzūmah into dthāl:

َ َّ ۡ
‫( َو َمن َيف َعل ذل يك‬2: 231), (3: 28), (4: 30, 114), (25:68) and in (63: 9).

8- The Major Imālah

Imālah means to incline. Technically, it is defined as the sound of

inclination of a fatḥah towards a kasrah, or an alif towards a yā. If
the sound of inclination is 50% alif and 50% yā, then it is known
as major imālah (kubrā) or idjā˘. A main rule in the recitation of
Ḥamzah and Al-Kisā-ī is to make imālah for Dthawāt ulyā, that is
followed by a mutaḥarrik letter. Dthawāt ulyā: The words that
contain an alif at the end, that is (i) originated from a yā, (ii)
swiched over from a yā, (iii) or returned to a yā (i.e., a maqṣūrah /
small, feminine alif that is written on a yā).
The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 13
 ‫ُ َ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ات اَلاءي َحيْث ُأ َّصل‬ ‫*** ذ َو ي‬ ‫‪َ - 738‬وَح َز ُة مين ُه ْم َوالك َيسائيي َبع َدهُ (أ َماَل)‬
‫َٰ ُّ ۡ َٰ ۡ ۡ َٰ ۡ َٰ ۡ َٰ ۡ‬ ‫ۡ ى َُ َ َ َ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫أع ََّٰ‬
‫مَّ‬ ‫ى‪َّ -‬‬ ‫ض‪َّ -‬ٱلهوَّ َّ‬ ‫ع‪-‬تر َّ‬ ‫ع‪-‬ٱلم َّر َّ‬ ‫ج َّ‬ ‫ى‪-‬ٱلر َّ‬ ‫ه‪-‬طَّ ََّٰ‬
‫غ‪-‬نَّادَّ َّ‬ ‫ف‪-‬ٱنلُّ ََّٰ‬ ‫وح‪-‬وك ََّٰ‬ ‫ّل‪-‬ي ىَّ‬ ‫ّف‪َ ُ-‬و ىٰ‬ ‫ن‪ُ-‬و ىٰ‬ ‫م‪-‬أد َّ‬ ‫ٱۡلتَٰ ىَّ‬
‫ْ َْ َ‬ ‫ََ ََ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫َ َ َّ ُ َ َ‬
‫*** القوى (فأ َماَلها) َوبيال َواوي ّت َتل‬ ‫الربا َم َع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫اها َوالضىح َ‬ ‫‪ - 940‬وأما ضح‬
‫ۡ ٓ‬ ‫َٰ ۡ َٰ ۡ‬ ‫ُّ‬
‫ى‪-‬رَّءَّاكَّ‪-‬‬ ‫ل‪-‬وضحَّىَٰها‪-‬هدَّىَٰنَّ‪-‬تق َّى َٰةَّ‪ُّ -‬م ۡزجَّ َّى َٰةِ‪-‬ٱۡلوَّايَّا‪-‬إنى َٰهَّ‪ِ-‬كَّهما‪-‬رََّّأ ََّٰ‬ ‫ى‪-‬ٱلع ََّٰ‬ ‫ح‪-‬ٱلربَّواَّ‪-‬ٱلقوَّ َّ‬ ‫وٱلض ََّٰ‬
‫ۡ ٓ ٓ‬ ‫يَۡ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َٰ َ ي َ ۡ‬
‫ط َهِ‪ -‬ط ٓس َّٓم‪َّ-‬ط ٓ َّ‬
‫س‬ ‫ك َما‪-‬تۡتاَّ‪-‬ٱلرَّ‪-‬ٱل َّٓمرَّ‪-‬ح َّٓم‪َِ -َّ-‬‬ ‫ى‪َ -‬وَل أدرِىٰكم‪َ -‬و َما أدرِى ٰ َ‬ ‫ي‪-‬وأحيَّا‪-‬نَّ َّأ َّ‬ ‫رَّءَّاهَّ‪َّ-‬ويح ََّٰ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ َ َُ ٌَْ‬ ‫ََ َ ْ ُ‬
‫َسا َوه ْم َواْلون ض ْو ُء َس ًنا ُل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫***‬ ‫يف‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ل‬
‫ٍ ي ي ٍ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اخ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ْ‬
‫م‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ي‬ ‫ع‬ ‫‪ -102‬نأى َش‬
‫َ َ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ َّ َ‬ ‫لِك ُه َ‬ ‫َُْ َْ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َُ َ‬
‫ميل‬ ‫َس أو يَلا ٍء ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫يك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ش‬ ‫***‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ق‬ ‫و‬ ‫اف‬ ‫‪ - 101‬إيناه ل ٍ‬
‫ش‬
‫َ‬ ‫ص ْف ر ًًض ُحلْ ًوا َو ََتْ َ‬ ‫ُْ ْ ُ َ ٌ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُ ْ‬
‫ت َج ًن َحل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫***‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ه‬ ‫اَس و‬ ‫‪َ - 119‬وك ْم صح َب ٍة يَا اك يف واللف ي ي‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ ُْ ْ‬ ‫ََ ْ ُ َْ‬ ‫َُْ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫الل يف ُمثيل‬ ‫ص َوه ْم أدرى و يب‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫***‬ ‫ة‬
‫ٍ‬
‫حَ‬
‫ب‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ار‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ُم‬ ‫حم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫يق‬ ‫د‬ ‫صا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫‪ - 111‬ش‬
‫َّ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ ْ َ ْ َ ُ ًّ َ ْ‬
‫الراءي ُي َتل‬ ‫َو ييف ه ْم يزه ي ُح ْس ٌن َو ييف‬ ‫***‬ ‫يف َرأى لِك أميل ُم ْزن ُصح َب ٍة‬ ‫‪ - 606‬وحر‬
‫ْ َّ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ َّ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َّ َ َ َ ُ َ‬
‫آي اْلج يم َك تتعدَل‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ب يطه و ي‬ ‫***‬ ‫آي ما‬ ‫‪ - 111‬ومما (أماَله) أواخير ٍ‬
‫َ ْ َ َ َ َ َّ َ َ َ َّ َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫َّ‬
‫ت تميل‬ ‫*** الضىح و ييف اقرأ و ييف واْلازياع ي‬ ‫‪َ - 111‬و ييف الش ْم يس واْللَع و ييف اللي يل‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َْ ُ ََْ ْ َ ُْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪َ - 114‬وم ْين ََتْت َها ُث َّم الْق َي َ‬
‫ال َم َعاري َج يا مينهال أفلحت من يهل‬ ‫***‬ ‫امةي ييف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬

‫‪They make imālah for dthawāt ulyā at the verses’s end in 11‬‬
‫‪Sūrahs that are mentioned by ash-Shāṭibī: Sūrat ( Tā-hā, an-najm,‬‬
‫‪al-Qiyāmah, an-Nazi˘āt, al-Ma˘ārij, ˘Abasa, al-A˘lā, ash-Shams,‬‬
‫‪al-Layl, aḍ-Ḍuha, Al-˘alaq).‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ييما َس َواهُ ل يلك َيسائيي ُمييل‬
‫َوف َ‬ ‫***‬ ‫ك َّن أح َيا عن ُه َما َبع َد َواويه ي‬
‫‪َ - 731‬ول ي‬
‫َ ً‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َْ َ َ ُ َ َ‬
‫أَت َوخ َطايَا ميثل ُه ُم َتق َّبل‬ ‫***‬ ‫ات كيْف َما‬ ‫الرءيَا َوم ْرض ي‬ ‫‪ - 733‬ورءياي و‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫َْ ُ َ ً‬
‫ه َد ياِن لي َس أم ُر َك ُمش يِك‬ ‫***‬ ‫‪َ - 944‬وَم َياه ُموا أيْضا َو َح تقاُيهي َو ييف قد‬
‫َ َْ َ َُْ َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬
‫*** ع َصاِن وأوصاِن بيمريم ُيتل‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ك ْه يف أن ْ َساِن َو َم ْن َقبْ ُل َج َ‬
‫اء َمنْ‬ ‫‪ - 948‬و ييف ال‬

‫‪The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

 َ ْ َ َ َ َ
ُ ‫اذ ْع‬ َّ َ َ
‫ت بيهي َح ََّت ُض َّوع َمن َدَل‬ *** ‫اِن اليي‬ َ َ َ
‫ وفييها و ييف طس آُ ي‬- 947
َ ُْ ْ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ ْ َ ََ َ َُ َ َ
‫*** َو َح ْرف د َحاها َوَه بيال َواوي ُب َتل‬ ‫حاها َو ييف َسىج‬ ‫ وحرف ُلها مع ط‬- 949

Verses 299-303 give the words which have imālah for Kisā-ī, only.
ۡ ۡ ُّ ۡ ُّ
ََّّ‫وَّم ۡنَّعصَّان‬-َّ‫وق ۡدَّهدَّىَٰن‬-َّ‫حقَّتقَّاته‬-‫َميَّاه َّۡم‬-‫هَّ َّۡم‬/‫ك َّۡم‬/‫خطايَّانا‬-‫م ۡرضَّات‬-َّ‫رَّ َّۡءيَّاي‬-‫لر َّؤيَّا‬ َّ َّ‫ل‬-‫الر َّؤيَّا‬
َّ
ٓ ٓ ٓ ۡ ٓ
َّ‫دحَّىَٰهَّا‬-َّ‫َّمماَّءاتَّىَٰكم‬ٞ‫فماَّءاتَّىَٰنَّٱَّللَّخَّ ۡۡي‬-َّ‫ءاتىَٰنَّٱلكتَٰب‬-َّ‫صن‬ ََّٰ ‫وأ ۡو‬-َّ‫وماَّأنسَّىَٰنيهَّإَّلَّٱلش ۡيطَٰن‬-
ٓ
)‫ص‬ َّ ٓ ‫كهَّيَّ ٓع‬-َ‫َ(هِار‬-‫ت‬ ََّٰ ‫ياَّحَّرس‬-‫ت‬ ََّٰ َٰٓ َّ‫يَٰو ۡيل‬-‫ت‬ََّٰ َّ‫م‬-‫ن‬ََّٰ ‫َّأ‬-‫ل‬ ََّٰ َّ‫ع‬-‫ف‬
ََّٰ ‫ب‬-‫س‬ ََّٰ َّ‫يأَّس‬ َّ‫ ى‬-‫ج‬ ََّٰ ‫س‬-‫وماَّطحَّىَٰها‬-‫تلَّىَٰها‬-
َ ْ َ َْ َ َْ ْ َ َْ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ ْ ‫ َوَُثْن َيي ُة‬- 737
‫ت َمنهل‬ ‫رددت إيَلك ال يفعل صادف‬ *** ‫اْلسماءي ُكشي فها ِإَون‬
In order to know whether a word is from dthawāt ulyā or not,
especially when it ends with an alif, you should try to get the dual
form, if the word is a noun ‫ان ل يف َتيَيْ ُه‬
َ َ َ ُ َ َ َٰ ‫قَ َال م‬- ‫ان‬ َ َ ُ ََّٰ َّ‫هد‬
‫ قال موساي ي‬-َّ‫وٍسَّلفتَّىَٰه‬ ‫ى هدي ي‬
{‫ان‬ َ َ َ َ ْ ‫} َو َد َخ َل َم َع ُه ٱ ي‬. For a verb, put it in the 0st-person singular
‫لسجن فتي ي‬
َ َّ َ ُ َ َ ُ َّ َ َ
past-tense form. ‫نادى‬, ‫ ُ َوّل‬/‫يت‬ ‫ ناد‬-‫ُوَلت‬.
If the yā appears in either word, then it is from dthawāt ulyā.
Imām ash- Shāṭibī ْ ْ gives us some examples here from Dthawāt ulyā
َ َّ َ ُ ْ َ َ َ ُ َ َُ َ ْ ‫َت ُاه َوال‬ ْ َ
َ َ ‫اش‬ َ
‫ُك ميل‬ ‫ال‬ ‫يف‬ ‫ييث‬
‫ي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اتل‬ ‫يف‬
‫ي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ ‫يف‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ُ ‫اه‬ ‫د‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫وى‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ هدى و‬- 739
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ***
Alif ut-Ta-nīth at the end of a dthawāt ulyā indicates either a literal
or figurative feminine word. Alif ut-Ta-nīth or the feminine alif is
written as an extra small alif on yā, that is either the fourth or fifth
letter in a word. They fall on the wazn of 5 weights on the words:
َ ُ َ َ َ
fa˘la (with any vowel on the fā) ‫ ف ۡعهّل ف ي ۡعهّل ف ۡعهّل‬and Fu˘āla (with 2
vowels on the fā, ḍammah and fatḥah).
َ َ ُ ْ َ ُ ْ َ ُ ْ َ َ َََْ
َ َ‫ت َف ْعّل ف‬
‫*** ِإَون (ض َّم أ ْو ُيف َت ْح) ف َعال ف َح يصل‬ ‫فيها ُو ُجودها‬ ‫ وكيف جر‬- 730

Dthawāt ulyā that end in a feminine alif and are on the wazn of
fu˘la that is written with a ḍammah on the “fā” are:

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 15

 ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ َ ُ
ََّٰ َّ‫بَّ–أ‬
َّ‫نث‬ ََّٰ ‫ىَّ– قَّ َّۡر‬ َّۡ َّ‫بَّ– دََّّنيَّاَّ–َّ َّٱلو‬
ََّٰ َّ‫سط‬ ََّٰ ‫ىَّ– طَّو‬ ََّٰ َّ‫صو‬ َّ ۡ ‫وٍسَّ–َّ َّٱلق‬
ََّٰ َّ‫ م‬-َّ‫نث‬
ََّٰ ‫ٱل‬
َّ َّ–َّ‫ب‬ ََّٰ ‫ ٱلَّنيَّاَّ–َّ َّٱلقَّ َّۡر‬:‫ف ۡعّل‬
ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ُّ َٰ ۡ َٰ ۡ ۡ َٰ ۡ ۡ َٰ ۡ ۡ َٰ ۡ
ََّٰ ‫َّعَّ َّق‬-‫ع‬
‫ب‬ ََّٰ ‫ج‬ َّۡ ‫َّٱل َُّّر‬-َّ‫َّوَّسَّ َّقيَّاهَّا‬-‫ف‬ ََّٰ ‫َّزَّ َّل‬-‫َّ َّٱلعَّ َّليَّا‬-َّ‫ل‬ ََّٰ ‫الس َّف‬
َّ َّ-‫ول‬ َّ ‫ٱل‬ َّ -‫ن‬
َّ ‫س‬
َّ ‫ٱۡل‬
َّ -‫ق‬ َّ ‫ َّٱلوََّّث‬-‫ل‬ َّ ‫َّٱلم َّث‬-‫ى‬ َّ َّ‫ وَّ َّٱلعَّز‬-

Fa˘la that is written (with a fatḥa on the first letter): –ََّّ‫َّى‬ َٰ ‫ وٱلسَّلو‬:‫َف ۡع َّل‬
ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ
ََّٰ ‫ي‬
‫ي‬ ََّٰ َّ‫تَّ–ََّنو‬
َّ َّ-َّ‫ى‬ ََّٰ ‫عَّ–َّمَّ َّۡر‬
ََّٰ َّ‫ضَّ–َّش‬ َّۡ َّ–َّ‫ت‬
ََّٰ ‫ص‬ ََّٰ ‫ىَّ–َّٱلقَّ َّۡت‬
ََّٰ ‫َّ َّٱلمَّ َّۡو‬-َّ‫ل‬ ََّٰ َّ‫ٱلَّ َّقو‬

َٰ ‫ضَّي‬-‫سَّيمَّاهَّم‬-َّ‫َّى‬
َٰ ‫َّع‬-َّ‫َّى‬
Fi˘la (with a kasrah on the first letter):ََّّ‫َّيس‬ ۡ ‫ إ‬:‫ف ي ۡع َّل‬
َٰ ‫َّحَّد‬

َٰ ‫َّىََّّ–كَّس‬
ََّٰ ‫ أسَّار‬-ََّّ‫َّال‬
Fu˘āla, (with a ḍammah on the first letter): ‫َّى‬ َٰ ‫َّفَّع‬
َٰ ‫َّفراد‬:َّ‫َّال‬

ۡ ۡ َ َ
َٰ ‫ ٱنلَّصَّار‬-ََّّ‫َّام‬
Fa˘āla (with a fatḥa on the first letter): ََّّ‫َّى‬ َٰ َٰ‫ ٱۡلت‬:‫ف َعال‬
َٰ ‫َّٱلَّي‬-ََّّ‫م‬

َُْ َ ََ ً َْ َ ً َّ َ َ ْ ْ ْ ‫ يف‬-735
‫*** َمعا َوعىس أيضا (أماَل) وقل بّل‬
َ َ َ
‫ام أِن و ييف مَت‬ ‫اس يم ييف اَليستيفه ي‬ ‫ي‬
ََ ُْ ْ َ َْ َ َ ْ ‫ – ( َو َما َر َس ُموا‬736
‫*** ِإَول م ْين َبع ُد َح ََّت َوقل لَع‬ ‫ري دلى َو َما َزىك‬ ‫باَلاءي) غ‬
“And any alif that is written as a yā” could be considered dthawāt
َ
َ ْ ‫غ‬:
ulyā; ‫ري‬ excluding these 5 words that are pronounced without
َ َ ََ َ َ
imālah or taqlīl: ‫إيل– َح ََّت‬-‫ َزىك‬-‫لَع‬-)‫ َدلى‬-‫( َدلا‬. Imām al-Mutawalli
collected 01 words that are written with an alif and are never
pronounced with imālah, as the origin of their alif is a wāw.
َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ
‫ َس َنا بَ ْرقيهي‬-‫ شفا ُج ْر ٍف‬-‫اي‬ ‫عص‬-‫ عصاك‬-‫عصاه‬ /
ََ َ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ َّ َّ َ َ َ َ
‫ َس َنا َما َزىك يمنك ْم خل َوعل َو َرد‬.… ‫الصفا أبَا أح ٍد‬ ‫عصا شفا إ ين‬
ََ َ َ ُ َ ُ َ ً ‫مج‬ َ َ ‫هفا َو َنَا قُ ْل َم َع بَ َدا َو َدنَا َو َد‬
َ َ
‫او َل تمال دلا أحد‬ َ ‫يعا ب‬
‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اع‬ ‫ع‬
ٍ ‫ي‬ .…

ْ َ َّ َ ٌ َّ َ ُ َ ُ َُ
‫ك َزَكها َوأن َىج َم َع ابْ َتّل‬ *** )‫يد) فإين ُه ( ُم َمال‬ ‫ث (ي ي يز‬
ٍ ‫ وُك ثل ي‬- 739
َ َ َ َ
No thulāthī verbs (3 letters long): ‫ َزىك‬-‫نَها‬-‫عههفا‬, have imālah, as they
َ ََ َ َ َ َ
end in an alif or yā that is originated from wāw ‫ عفوت‬-‫ َزكوت‬- ‫نَوت‬. If

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 16

 any of the following letters are added to a thulāthī verb, then it
ۡ َٰ
َّ‫أد ى‬-‫ك‬
becomes mazīd written with yā: (َّ-‫ت‬-‫ن‬ ََّٰ ‫ٱبتت‬-‫أَن َّى َٰكم‬-‫ء‬-‫ن‬-‫َم‬
ََّٰ ‫أ‬-‫ل‬
َّ ‫أز‬-‫نتج‬
ۡ
ََّٰ َّ‫ٱستع‬-َ‫ٱ ْست‬-‫ي‬
‫َََّ–َزك َّى َٰها‬-‫ل‬ ََّٰ ‫ي‬-‫ي‬-‫ل‬ ََّٰ َّ‫مثَّو‬-‫ى‬
ََّٰ ‫ى) تَّت‬ ََّٰ َّ‫مَّأَّو‬-‫ك‬ َّ‫أد ى‬
ََّٰ َّ‫ تَّز‬-‫ن‬

َ َْ ْ ْ َ َ ْ ُ
‫ل‬ ً
‫*** س ًيوى َو ُسدى ( ييف ال َوق يف) عن ُه ْم ت َسب ي‬ ‫اْل َْساءي ثان ًييا‬ ‫يف‬ ‫ِم‬ َ ‫ح َب ٌة أ ْع‬ ‫ َرم ص‬- 119
‫ي ي‬
َ َ ْ ْ ْ ََ ُ َ َ َُ ‫اء‬
‫اْل َْسا ُحك ُم ُصح َب ٍة أوَل‬ ‫يف‬
‫ي ي‬ ‫ِم‬ ‫ع‬ ‫*** وأ‬ ‫از ييف ش َع َرائيهي‬ ‫راءى ف‬ ُ ‫ َو َر‬- 101

Ash-Shāṭibī mentioned 2 cases in verses 119 and 310, in which

there is no imālah waṣlan of the alif that is followed by a sākin, as
we drop the alif of imālah due to the rule of preventing the meeting
of 2 sākin letters. The rule states to drop the 1st sākin letter if it is a
madd letter that is followed by (a) a sākin nūn of tanwīn, as in17
َ ُۡ ُ َ ََۡ ً َ ُْ َْ َ َ ً َ َ ًّ ‫م َس‬-‫هو ًّل‬
ً َ ‫م ْف‬-‫هِم‬ ْ ‫َم‬
places): (‫ ألم يك نطفهة‬٣٦‫ قال)(أن يَتك سدى‬٥٨‫)مَكنا ُس ًوى‬
ُ َ -‫هَتى‬
ُ ًّ ًّ َ ُ َ ْ ُ ُ ًَ
‫ه ًدى‬-‫م َصي‬-‫ ُم َصّل‬-‫ف ًَت‬-‫ق ًرى‬-‫ع ًِم‬-‫ َمث ًوى‬-‫ ُط ًوى‬-‫ض ًىح‬-‫غ ًّزى‬-‫ري ًبا‬-‫أذى‬.
َۡ
(b) any sākin: ‫رَّءا ٱلق َم َر‬-‫َّرَّءَّاَّٱلش ْم َس‬-‫اب‬
َّ َ ‫وَس الْك َيت‬ ُ ‫يعيْ َس بْن َم ْر َي‬
َ ‫م‬-‫م‬
‫ي‬
َۡ َّ ۡ
َ ‫ٱْل ۡم‬ ُ ‫وط َغا ال ْ َم‬ ْ َ َ
َّ ‫وذ ْيك َرى‬-‫اْل َّنتَ ْْي‬ ْ َْ َْ
َّ‫رَّءا ٱلق َم َر‬-‫رَّءاَّالش ْم َس‬-‫ان‬‫ي‬ ‫ع‬ َ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ى‬ َّ
‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ - ‫اء‬ َ -‫ادلار‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
َ ‫ن‬ ‫وج‬- ‫ر‬ ُ
‫اْل‬ ‫والقتّل‬

Note: This alif could be read with imālah only when stopping.
َ ُْ َ ُ َ ْ ْ ْ َ َ ْ
‫يُ َو يال ب ي َمج َراها َويف هود أن يزَل‬ *** ‫ َو َما َبع َد َرا ٍء شاع ُحك ًما َو َحف ُص ُه ْم‬- 100

They make imālah of dtha-watur-rā`, a noun or a verb that ends

with a feminine alif of imālah (alif maqṣura that is written on a yā
ََّٰ َّ‫بش‬
at the end of a word) that is preceded by the rā; like in (a)َّ‫ى‬
ۡ َٰ ۡ َٰ ۡ ۡ َٰ ۡ َٰ
ََّٰ َّ‫يتوَٰر‬-‫ى‬
ََّّ‫ى‬ َّ ۡ ‫للي‬-‫ى‬
ََّٰ ‫رس‬ ََّٰ َّ‫انلصار‬-‫وَّمَّ َّۡرسَّىَٰها‬-‫ى‬
َّ َّ‫أسار‬-‫ى‬ ََّٰ َّ‫سَّكَّر‬-‫ى‬ َّ ۡ َّ‫ٱلك‬-‫ى‬
ََّٰ ‫ب‬ َّ‫ٱلقرَّ ى‬-‫ى‬
َّ َّ‫وذكر‬-‫ى‬ َّ َّ‫أخر‬-‫ى‬
َّ َّ‫تر‬

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 17

 ‫‪(b) Al-Kisā-ī makes imālah of an alif that is in between 2 rās, only‬‬
‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫لَّبۡرارَّ‪-‬ذاتَّقرارَّ ‪if the 2nd rā is majrūr with a kasrah.‬‬
‫َّ)دارَّ َّٱلقَّرَّارَّ( كَّتَّابََّّٱ َّ‬
‫ۡ ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫شارَّ‬ ‫لَّبۡرارَّ‪َّ -‬‬
‫ٱل َّ‬ ‫ل َّ‬
‫ْ ُ ْ ُ ُ َْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ َ ََ ْ‬ ‫اء َُ َ‬ ‫‪َ - 101‬و َر ُ‬
‫اْلَسا حكم صحب ٍة أوَل‬ ‫ييف ي‬ ‫***‬ ‫راءى فاز ييف شعرائيهي وأعِم‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ين الَْكف ير َ‬
‫‪َ - 121‬و َم ْع َاكف ير َ‬
‫ار َر َوى ُم ْر ٍو يِبل ٍف َص ٍد َحل‬ ‫*** و ٍ‬
‫ه‬ ‫ين ب ي َيائيهي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
‫َ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫َ َ ْ َ َ َّ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ‬
‫اتلقل ييل جادل فيْ َصل‬ ‫*** اكْلبراري و‬ ‫اءي ْ ين َح َّج ُر َواُه‬ ‫اع ذيي َر َ‬ ‫‪ِ - 976‬إَوضج‬
‫ْ ٌ َ‬ ‫ري َح ْفص َط َ‬ ‫َغ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ َ ُ َْ‬
‫او َيا ُصح َبة َوَل‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫***‬ ‫ح ًِم‬
‫ي‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ه‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ر‬ ‫يك‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ك ال يحي‬
‫ُ‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ف‬ ‫‪ِ - 991‬إَوضجاع را ي‬
‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫كمشكَّ َٰوةَّ‪-‬هَّدَّايَّ‪-‬رَّ َّؤيَّاكَّ‪-‬مثوَّاىَّ‪-‬وَميَّايَّ ‪Dūrī makes imālah of these words‬‬
‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ٱلارئَّ‪-‬بَّارئك َّۡم‪-‬ءاذَّاننا‪-‬ءاذانه َّۡم‪-‬طغيَٰنه ۡمَّ‬
‫رسعو َّ‪-‬نسَّارعَّ‪َّ -‬‬ ‫يَّإلَّٱَّللَّ‪-‬وسَّارع ٓواَّ‪-‬ي َٰ َّ‬ ‫م ۡنَّأنصَّار ٓ‬

‫ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َُ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ َْ‬
‫*** نساريع واْلاريي وباريئيكم ُل‬ ‫‪ِ - 979‬إَوضجاع أنصاريي ُ يميم وساريعوا‬
‫َ َّ‬
‫اْل َواريي ت َمثل‬ ‫آذان َينا َعنْ ُه ْ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫***‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪َ - 971‬وآذان ي يه ْم ُطغ َيان ي يه ْم َوي ُ َساري ُعون‬

‫‪) makes imālah of any alif followed by rā mutaṭarrifah‬ت( ‪Ad-Dūrī‬‬

‫‪(at the end of a word) majrūrah with a kasrah, even if a pronoun is‬‬
‫‪attached after it.‬‬
‫َ ً ََُْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ْ ُْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ََْ َ َ َ ََ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫بيكَس أميل ُدىع َحييدا وتقبل‬ ‫***‬ ‫ات قبل را طر ٍف أُت‬ ‫‪ - 120‬و ييف أل يف ٍ‬
‫َ َ َ ْ ُ َّ َ ْ َ ْ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ َّ ُ َّ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫يَحاريك والكفاري واقتس تلي نضل‬ ‫***‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ - 122‬كأبصاريهيم وادلاري ثم اْل يماري مع‬
‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ َٰ‬ ‫ٱۡلمارَّ‪-‬أبۡ َٰ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ َ َٰٓ َٰ‬
‫ٍصه َّۡم‪-‬ٱل ۡورَّى َٰةَّ‪-‬ٱلكفرينَّ‪-‬ٱنلارَّ‪-‬أرَّىَٰكه َّۡم‪-‬بقنطَّارَّ‪-‬إلَّٱلكفَّارَّ‪-‬‬ ‫لَع ءاثرهم‪-‬ك َمث يل‬
‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫لوَّارَّ‪َّ -‬ٱلفَّجَّارَّ‪-‬ٱ َّلقَّهَّارَّ‪-‬منَّديَّ ََّٰتره َّۡم‪-‬من ديَّ ََّٰترَّك َّۡم‪ِ-‬حاركَّ‪-‬ٱنلَّهَّارَّ‪-‬ٱلَّارَّ‪-‬ٱۡلوارَّ‪-‬‬‫بدينَّارَّ‪-‬دَّارََّّٱ َّ‬
‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ٱۡلارَّ‪-‬جبارينَّ‪-‬كَّفرينَّ‪-‬وأ ۡوبارهاَّوأشعارها‬ ‫و َّ‬

‫‪Exceptions of the imālah: Ad-Dūrī reads some of dthāt ar-rā with‬‬

‫‪fatḥ only, like Ḥafṣ, in both waṣlan and waqfan, in these cases.‬‬

‫‪The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

(1) Rā has a kasrah, but the recitation is without imālah. A sākin rā
separates the alif of imālah and the rā with a kasrah by idghām:
‫َ ي ْ ُ َ ي‬
‫مضار‬- ‫ ب يضهارهيم‬. It’s only read with madd lāzim. (2) The rā is not at the
ُ َ ُ َ َ
end in (a) -‫( ن َمهاريق‬b) ‫فهل ت َمهاري‬, the yā after the rā is eliminated for a
ُ
grammatical purpose ‫( ت َماريى‬majzūmah).

9- Ways of Stopping on ˘Uthmanic Muṣḥaf Script

َ ُ َْ ْ َ ََ َ َ ََْ َ َ ََ
‫الرَح ين َرافق َن َحيل‬
‫ي ي‬‫و‬ ‫ور‬ ‫اْل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫دل‬ *** ‫ان َوأي َها‬
‫ي‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ادل‬ ‫ق‬‫ ويا أيها فو‬- 917
There are 3 words ending with hā in sūrat an-Nūr: 31, Az-Zukhruf
َ َ َّ َ َ ۡ ُ َ ُ ُ ۡ َ َ ُ َّ َ َ َ ْ ُ َ َ ً َ َ ُ ۡ ُ ۡ َ َ
and ar-Rahmān: ‫سنفرغ لكم أيه ٱثلقل ين‬-‫يأيه ٱلساحير‬ َٰٓ ‫وقالوا‬- ‫أيه ٱلمؤمينون مجييعا‬.

I. If Al-Kisā-ī were to stop on one of them, he would read it with a

َ َ َ
َٰٓ .
sākin alif after the hā ‫يأيها‬

II. Al-Kisā-ī stops on words ending in a feminine tā ‫ت‬, ‫ ة‬with hā

and could be accompanied with an imālah, according to the rules.
َ ً َّ ْ ْ َ َّ َ ُ ُ َ َّ ْ َ ُ َ
‫فبيال َهاءي ق يف َحقا ريًض َو ُم َعويَل‬ *** ‫ث‬ٍ ‫اء مؤن‬ ‫ إيذا كتيبت بياتلاءي ه‬- 991
ُ ‫بَ يق َّي‬-‫ت‬َ َ ۡ َ َ ۡ ُ َّ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َّ ُ َ ۡ َ َ َ َ َ ۡ َ َ ۡ َ َّ ُ َ َ ۡ ُ َ ۡ َ
-‫ت‬ ‫ف يطر‬-‫ٱبنت‬-‫وجنت‬-‫شجرت‬-‫قرت‬-‫ت‬ ‫ومع يصي ي‬-‫ٱمرأت‬-‫لعنت‬-‫سنت‬-‫ن يعمت‬-‫رَحت‬
َ َ َّ َ ۡ َ َ َ َ َ َََ َ َ َ َ َ ُۡ َ َ ُ ‫َك َيم‬
-‫يْي َم َناص‬ َ ‫تح‬ ‫وَل‬-‫ذات بهجة‬-‫جملت‬ ‫ ي‬-‫ثمر ٍت‬-‫بيينت‬-‫ءايت‬-‫ت‬ ‫ٱلغ ُرف ي‬-‫ت‬‫غي َب ي‬-‫ت‬
َ ۡ ‫لَ يع‬-‫ين ية‬
َ ‫ٱلسف‬
َّ َ ۡ ‫ٱلر‬ َّ ُ ‫ت َو ۡٱل‬ َ َّ ُ ُ ۡ َ َ َ َ َ ۡ َ َ َ ۡ َ َ َ َ َ َ
ُۖ ‫ِبة‬ ‫ي‬ - ‫ة‬
‫ي‬ ‫َح‬ َّ ١٩ ‫ى‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ٱلل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬‫ف‬ ‫أ‬- ‫ات‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ه‬‫ي‬ ‫ه‬ - ‫ت‬
‫يا ي‬-‫ات‬
‫ب‬‫أ‬ ‫م ۡرض ي‬

2 Madth-habs for Imālah of Hā (Waqfan)

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 19

 ‫ُْ ُ‬ ‫َ َْ‬
‫ْ َ‬
‫ِش يَلَعديَل‬
‫َ َْ َ ْ‬
‫ع‬ ‫ري‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ائ‬ ‫ُم َم ُال الْك َ‬
‫يس‬ ‫وف َو َقبْلَهاَ‬‫ييث الوق ي‬ ‫‪َ - 993‬و ييف هاءي ُأن ي‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫***‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫بب ْع َد ْ َ‬ ‫ََ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ََ ْ ََُ َ ٌ َ ٌ َ‬
‫اَلاءي ي َ ْسك ُن ُمييل‬ ‫ك َه ُر َ‬ ‫*** وأ‬ ‫اط ع ٍص خظا‬ ‫ضغ‬ ‫‪ - 904‬ويجمعها ح ي‬
‫َ‬ ‫َّ َ‬ ‫ْ ُ ْ َْ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬
‫ك َْس َواْل ْس ََك ُن لَيْ َس ِبَ‬
‫*** َو َيض ُعف َبع َد الفتحي َوالض يم أ ْر ُجل‬ ‫ج ٍز‬‫ي ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ي ي‬ ‫‪ - 908‬أوي ال‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ ْ ْ َ َ ْ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪ - 907‬لَ يع ْ َ‬
‫سيوى أل ٍيف عين َد الك َيسايئ َم َّيل‬ ‫***‬ ‫ِبهْ ميائه ويج َهه َوَلْكه َو َبعض ُه ْم‬

‫َّ َ َ َّ َ َ‬
‫ٱلزكوة ‪(a) Imālah of any letter that precedes tā, except alif, as in‬‬ ‫ٱلصلوة‪-‬‬

‫‪(b) Imālah of any letter from this phrase that precedes the letter tā‬‬
‫َ ُ ۡ َ‬
‫‪), with‬أكهر( ‪ . Or this one‬عقي َبة ‪ -‬ٱلعي َّزة )فجثت زينب لود شمس( ‪(acronym):‬‬
‫‪the condition that a kasrah or a sākin yā precedes any of its letters:‬‬
‫َ َ ۡ َ ۡ َ ٌ َ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ ٌ َ ۡ َ َ َ ُ َّ َ َ ۡ َ‬ ‫َكث ي َ‬
‫لئيكة‪-‬ٱلل ۡع َنة‪-‬غفلة‪-‬‬ ‫رية‪َ -‬م ۡعذ َير ٌة‪َ -‬وٱٓأۡلخيرة ي‪-‬لعيِبة ُۖ‪-‬ويجهة‪-‬خاطيئ ٍة‪-‬ناشيئة‪-‬ميائة‪-‬ف يئة‪-‬وٱلم َٰٓ‬
‫ٱْل َّن َة‪-‬ن ۡط َفة‪-‬أ ُ َّمة‪-‬ق َير َدةً‪ۡ -‬ٱلق َي َمةي‪-‬ب ُق َّوة‪ُ -‬ذريةَّ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫َ َ ۡ َ ۡ َۡ َ‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫كهي ية‪ -‬ٱْليك ية‪-‬‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َ ٌ َ ٌ َ‬
‫اط ع ٍص خظا ‪There is no imālah of any letter from this phrase,‬‬ ‫ضغ‬ ‫‪,‬ح ي‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫‪َ , such as:‬حاع ‪) plus‬خ َص ضغ ٍط ق يظ) ‪which includes the isti˘lā’ letters‬‬
‫َ َّ َ ُ‬
‫يحة‬ ‫)‪ (i.e., it will be read with imālah according to madth-hab (a‬وٱْل يط‬
‫‪and with fatḥ according to madth-hab (b)(.‬‬

‫‪Reading With Imālah and Fatḥ, Waqfan‬‬

‫َّ َ ُ ُۖ َّ َ َ َ ۡ َ َ َّ َ ُ َ َ َّ ۡ َ ۡ َ ي َّ َ َ ُ َ ۡ َ َ َ ً َ َ َ ي َ ۡ َ َ‬ ‫َ ََ‬
‫علقة‪-‬ٱلساعة‪-‬ٱلشفعة‪-‬مضغة‪ُ-‬ملقة‪-‬سورة‪-‬مرة‪-‬ٱْلَسة‪-‬ٱلسحرة‪-‬قبضة‪-‬ط يريقة‪-‬شجرة‪-‬زهرة‬

‫ْ َ ْ ُ ً ُ ُْ َ َ‬ ‫ََ َْ ْ ْ‬ ‫َ َ َ َ ْ ْ َََ َ َُْ َ َ‬

‫دى خلف ُه ْم فل‬ ‫ص ق يف مين عن ه‬
‫*** وبالق ي‬ ‫‪ - 8439‬سلسيل نوين إيذ رووا صفه ْلا‬
‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ َ ً ََ ۡ َ‬
‫سل وأغلل وسعيريا ‪III. Al-Kisā-ī recites 3 words with tanwīn, waṣlan‬‬ ‫سل ي‬
‫يرا ‪ ١٥‬قَ َوار ً‬
‫يرا يمن ف َيضة‪١٦‬‬ ‫‪َ ٤ in sūrat Al-Insān. He keeps the alif of‬اكنَ ۡ‬
‫ت قَ َوار ً‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
‫‪˘iwaḍ from the tanwīn, waqfan.‬‬

‫‪The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

 10. The Single hamzah

Since hamzah is considered a difficult letter to pronounce; due to

jahr and shiddah in it, and due to its articulation point being deep
in the throat and far from the mouth, the qurrā` allow changes to be
made in it to ease the pronunciation (Takhfīf of the hamzah). These
changes include: tas-hīl (easing), ibdāl, naql and ḥadthf.

Al-Kisā-ī makes 1- Ibdāl: to replace or substitute the hamzah by a

letter of madd that corresponds to the ḥarakah of the preceding
letter. He changes a hamzah sākinah into an alif, in Sūrahs 18 & 21
َ ‫اج‬
)‫وج‬ َ ‫اج‬
ُ ‫وج َو َم‬ ُ َ‫ (ي‬and into a wāw in 12, 90 and 104: ‫يب‬
ُ ‫ل‬‫ٱ ي‬- ‫وص َد ٌة‬
َ ‫ ُم‬.
2- Naql: the transfer of the ḥarakah of a hamzah to the sākin letter
before it, then dropping the hamzah. He makes Naql of the fatḥah
ْ َُۡ َ
of the hamzah to the sākin sīn in the imperative verb (‫سلوا‬ ‫ )و‬and its
derivatives, when preceded by a wā or a fā.
‫ي‬ ُ ُ َ َ ُ ۡ َ َ َ َّ َ َ ۡ ََْۡ ُ َ َ َۡ َۡ َ ْ ُ َ ۡ
‫وه َّن مين َو َراءي‬ ‫فسل‬-‫فسله‬-‫فس يل ٱليين‬-‫ف َسلوا أهل ٱليك ير‬-‫ َو َسل ٱلق ۡر َية‬-‫ َو َسلوا َما أنفق ُت ۡم‬-‫َو َسل ُه ۡم ع ين‬
َ َ ْ َ ُ ْ َّ َ ْ َ َ ُ ْ ْ َ َ َ َ َ ْ
‫جع اللفظ أسهل‬ ‫وأس يقطه حَت ير ي‬ *** ‫ َو َح يرك بيهي َما قبْل ُه َمت َسك ًينا‬-211
3- Ḥadthf: to delete something (i.e., the deletion of a hamzah).

A rule for Al-Kisā-ī is that he drops the hamzah in these words:

ُ َََۡ َ َََۡ َ ََۡ ۡ ََََۡ َ َََۡ ۡ َََُۡ ۡ ُ ََََۡ َ ََََۡ َ َََۡ ۡ ََۡ َََ َ َۡ َََ
ۡ‫كم‬ ‫أريت‬-‫أريتك‬-‫أريت‬-‫أفريتم‬-‫ أفريت‬/ ‫أرءيتم‬-‫أرءيتكم‬-‫أرءيتك‬-‫أرءيت‬-‫أفرءيتم‬-‫أفرءيت‬
َ َ َٰٓ َ ‫( َط ۡيف‬7:201).
He also omits the hamzah in )‫ (يُض ُهون‬sūrah 9, ‫طئيف‬

َ َ ۡ َ ً ُ ُ ً ُ ُ َ َّ َ َ ‫َ ي‬
4- Al-Kisā-ī adds a hamzah to: ‫ِبئ ييل‬ ‫ج‬-‫كفؤا‬-‫هزؤا‬-‫دكآء‬- ‫ يميَكئ ييل‬.
َ ٌ ْ ًَ ُ ْ َ ًَْ َ َ ْ َّ َ ْ ُ ْ َ َ ْ َ
‫ورة ُصح َبة ويَل‬ ‫َوىع همزة مكس‬ *** ‫الرا َو َبع َدها‬ ‫اْلي يم و‬
‫ِبيل فتح ي‬ ‫ج ي‬
‫ و ي‬- 098
َ َ ُ ُ ُْ َ َ ْ َ
)‫اثلًا (ابْديَل‬
‫يلُك ث ي‬
‫ءآمنتم ل ي‬ *** ‫اف َوالش َع َرا ب ي َها‬‫ويف اْلع َر ي‬ َ
‫ وطه ي‬- 813

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 21

He reads some words diffrently from Ḥafṣ, by adding an
interrogative hamzah or extra hamzat istifhām, as follows.

TWO ADJACENT HAMZAHS IN A WORD

Al-Kisā-ī reads both hamzahs with taḥqīq: to pronounce a hamzah
from its makhraj, as it normally sounds: ‫ج يِم) َوع َر يب‬
َ َ ‫) َء َء ۡع‬. Ash-Shāṭibī
َ ْ َ ٌ ْ ْ َ‫(و َح َّق َق َها) يف ُفصل‬
states: ‫ت ُصح َبة *** ءأعج يِم‬
ٌّ ‫ي ي‬ َ -041
The word Ŝuḥbah in the verse is an indication of Shu˘bah, Ḥamza
َ
and Al-Kisā-ī. They read )‫ِم‬ ٌّ ‫ (ءأ ْع َج ي‬in sūrat Fuṣilat, with taḥqīq.

َ َ َ ۡ َ ُ ۡ َ َ ۡ ُ َّ َ َ َ َ ُ ۡ َ َ ۡ ُ َّ َ ً ۡ َ َ َ َ َّ َ ۡ ُ َ َ َ
(7)) ‫ (ءإ ينكم تلأُون ٱلفاحيشة‬-)‫ٱلرجال‬
‫ءإ ينكم تلأُون ي‬-‫أئ ين ْلا ْلجرا‬-‫( ءءامنتم‬29)).
ْ
He also reads the word ‫ َءا َمن ُت ُم‬in 3 Sūrahs: Al-A˘rāf, Ṭāhā and al-
Shu˘arā`, by adding an interrogative hamzah and reading the 2nd
ْ
hamzah with taḥqīq ‫ َء َءا َمن ُتم‬.

11- Al-Kisā-ī Makes Ishmām With a Ḥarkāh or Letter

ْ ‫يئ‬
a) Al-ishmām: the pronounciation of the 1st letter of a word (‫ت‬ َ ‫( يس‬
with a combination of 2 vowels: round the lips as if pronouncing
ḍammah, while producing a kasrah for the same letter, as follows.
َ ْ ٌ َ َ ْ َ َ ُ َ َ
‫َسها ض َّما ري َجال تلي َك ُمل‬
‫ي‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ى‬ ‫دل‬ *** ‫ َوقييل َوغييض ث َّم يِج َء يُشي م َها‬- 009
َ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ‫َ ي‬ َ ْ َ
‫ت اكن َراوييهي أن َبل‬ ‫وَسء وسييئ‬ *** ‫ َوحييل بيإيش َما ٍم َوسيي َ ك َما َر َسا‬- 011

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 22

 ّ ‫ي‬
Al-Kisā-ī makes ishmām in 6 words ٓ‫سء‬ ٓ‫( ِ ي‬00: 77), ٓ‫يت‬ ٓ ِِّ‫( ّس‬67: 27),
ّ ّ ّ
ٓٓ‫( و ّحِيل‬34: 55), ٓ‫سيق‬ ِّٓ ‫( و‬39: 71,73), ٓ‫غيض‬
ِٓ ‫( و‬00: 40), ٓ‫ ٓق ِيِّل‬-ٓ‫( َو ٓق ِيل‬repetitive),
and ٓ‫يء‬ ‫جا ْ ي‬
ِّٓ ‫( و‬39: 67), (89: 23).ٓ

b) Ishmām of the sākin letter ṣād )‫ (ص‬followed by dāl with zā: by

pronouncing a mixture of the sounds of ‫ ص‬and ‫ز‬. The sound is as
a ‫ ظ‬without rakhawah (stiking the tongue) or a velarated zā (thick)
َ ُ َْ َ َْ َ َ َ ً َ ُ َ ْ ََ َ َ َ َ ُ ْ
‫كأصدق زايا شاع وارُاح أشمل‬ *** ‫ك ٍن قبْل د يال ي‬
‫ – َو(إيش َمام) صا ٍد َسا ي‬649

The shīn in the verse is a letter code which indicats the recitation
of Ḥamza and Al-Kisā-ī, who recite these words with Ishmām:
ُ
)َ‫ (تَصَدَية‬sūrat al-Anfāl - )َ‫ (يَصَدَفون‬sūrat al-An˘ām-)‫ (يَصَ َُد َُر‬sūrat al-
ُۡ
Qaṣaṣ-)َ‫ (َتَصَدَيق‬sūrat Yūsuf and sūrat Yūnus- )‫ (فَٱصَدَعََب ي َما ُؤ َم ُر‬sūrat
َّ َ َ َ
َّ ‫ال ي قَصَ َُد‬ ُ َ ( sūrat an-
al-Ḥijr- )‫يل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ب‬‫الس‬ ‫لَع‬ ‫و‬ ( sūrat an-Naḥl- ) َ
‫ق‬ ‫وم ْنَأصَد‬
ۡ
Nisā`،ََ‫ ب ِ ُمصَ ۡي ِطر‬sūrat Al-Ghashiyyah,ََ‫ ٱل ُمصَ ۡي ِط ُرون‬sūrat Aṭ-ṭūr.

12-The Special Words of Al-Kisā-ī (Al-Farsh)

Alfarsh: words all over the Muṣḥaf, mentioned once or multiple

times, that do not follow certain rules.
َ َ ُ ُ ْ َ ً ُُ َ ُ َ َ َ َّ َ ُ َ َ َ
‫نههد حهل‬
ٍ ‫يضم لزوما كَسه ييف‬ *** ‫ث‬ٍ ‫ وضمك أوّل الساكينْي يثلالهي‬- 191

1- If 2 sākin letters meet between 2 words, then waṣlan, the 0st

sākin is either given a ḥarakah or it is dropped if it is a madd letter.
Al-Kisā-ī reads the 0st sākin with a ḍammah, on the condition that
The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 23
the 2nd sākin is a verb that starts with hamzatul waṣl and its 1rd
letter (including hamzatul waṣl), carries a permanent ḍammah
(lāzimah).
َ ْ َ ْ َ ْ ُْ
ْ ‫اع ُب ُدوا * َو ََمْ ُظورا ً انْ ُظ ْر َم ْع قَد‬ َ َ ْ ُْ َ ُ ْ ُ
‫اس ُت ْه يزئ اع َتهل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬
‫ي‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ر‬‫اخ‬ ‫ت‬
‫ ق يل ادعوا أويانقص قال ي‬-191
َ ۡ ُ ۡ ُ َ ۡ ُ ۡ ً ُ ۡ َ َ َّ ۡ ُ َ ۡ ُ ۡ ُ َ َ َ َ ۡ َّ ۡ َ َّ ‫(قُ ُل ٱ ۡد ُعوا‬
)‫ قد ٱسته يزئ‬-‫ َمظورا ٱنظر‬-‫ أن ٱعبدوا ٱل‬-‫قالت ٱخرج‬-‫ٱل أ ُو اد ُعوا ٱلرحمن‬
ُ ُ

2- Al-Kisā-ī reads sīn and ṣād of the following words with kasrah.
َ َ ً ْ ْ َ َ ً َ َ ْ ُ ُ ْ ‫ب َك‬ ْ ََ
‫ريض ُاه َول ْم يَل َزم ق َيياسا ُمؤ َّصل‬ *** ‫قبل َس َما‬ ‫يْي مست‬ ‫ي‬ ‫الس‬ ‫َس‬ ُ ‫ح َس‬ ‫ وي‬- 591
َ ُۡ َ ۡ ۡ َۡ َ َۡ ُ َۡ
‫ت‬ ‫ٱل ُمح يصن ي‬- ‫ُيس ُيب ُه ۡم‬-‫ُيس ُيبون‬-‫يب‬
ٍ ‫ َم يصن‬-‫ت‬ ‫َتس‬

3- He reads these pronouns with sākin hā on the condition that hā

ۡ ُ
is preceded by (‫ثم‬-‫ل‬-‫ف‬-‫)و‬: )‫ث َّم ه َو‬-‫للصاب يريْن‬
َّ ‫ري‬ ٌ ْ ‫ل َ ۡه َو َخ‬-‫ه‬ َ ۡ ‫ َف‬-‫ ( َو ۡه َو‬.
َ ً ً َ ْ
‫اضيا بَاريدا َحل‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ك‬ ْ َ ‫َه أ‬
‫س‬ َ ‫َو َها ي‬ َ َْ ْ ْ ُ َ
‫ َوها ه َو َبع َد ال َواوي َوالفا َوَلم َيها‬- 003
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ***
َ َْ َ ُ ُ ْ َ َ ٌ ْ ََ ُ ْ ‫الضم َغ‬
ُ ‫ري ُه‬ َّ َ َ َ ً ْ َ ْ َّ ُ َ
‫ك يُ يمل هو انل‬ ٍ ‫ن‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬ ‫َس‬ ‫ك‬ ‫و‬ *** ‫م‬ ‫ وثم هو ريفقا بان و‬- 054

4- The Arabs use hā-assakt, or pausing hā, which is a sākin hā in

both waṣlan and waqfan, to show the vowel of the last letter. Al-
Kisā-ī delets the 7 hā-at assakt waṣlan. Ash-Shāṭibī states:
َ ُ ْ َ ْ ْ َّ َ ً َ َ ُ ْ َ ْ َْ َ َ َ ْ
‫َس كفيل‬
‫ي‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ال‬‫ي‬ ‫ب‬ ‫يك‬
‫ي‬ ‫ر‬
‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫اتل‬‫ي‬ ‫ب‬ ‫و‬ ‫اء‬‫ف‬‫ش‬‫ي‬ *** ‫ي‬ ‫ه‬‫كن يشفاء و(اقتديه) حذف ي‬
‫ائ‬‫ه‬ ‫ َو َس ي‬- 657

He reads waṣlan without hā-essakt in its 7 places in the Qur-ān: 1-

َ َ ۡ َ
‫) ل ۡم يَت َس َّن ۡه‬2:219( 2- ‫) فب ي ُه َدى ُه ُم ٱق َت يد ۡه‬1:91( 3-6 in sūratul
ۡ َ ۡ ‫ي‬
Hāqqah: ‫ ُسل َطن َيي ۡه‬٢٨ ‫اَلَ ۡه‬ ‫ َم ي‬٢٦‫ ح َيساب ي َي ۡه‬٢٥‫ كيتب ي َي ۡه‬7-١٠ ‫) َو َما أدرَّىَٰكَّ َما ه َيي ۡه‬010:01(

5- Al-Kisā-ī reads the word (‫ )أم‬with a- kasrah of the hamzah

ُ ُ َ ُ ‫)فَ يل يمهي‬, to
‫ ف يي‬-‫الس ُد ُس‬
waṣlan and waqfan in sūrat an-Nisā`(‫ل يمهي اثللث‬ ‫ي‬
match the kasrah that is preceding the hamzah.
The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 24
 َ َ َ ْ َ ْ ْ َ َ ْ َْ َ ُ َ ُ ُ
‫َس ش ْملل‬
‫ي‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ب‬
‫ي ي‬ ‫ز‬ ‫م‬‫اله‬ ‫م‬ ‫ض‬ ‫الوص يل‬ *** ‫ َو ييف أ ًّم َم ْع ييف أم َيها فأل يمهي َدلى‬- 534
َ َ َ ْ
‫يم فيْ َصل‬
ْ َ ْ َ َ ْ
‫ات اْلَّح يل َواْلوري َوالز َم ْر‬ َّ ُ
‫اف َواك يي‬
‫َس ال يم‬ ٍ ‫*** مع اْلَّج يم ش‬ ‫ َويف أم َه ي‬- 538

b- He reads with kasrah of hamzah waṣlan only in these 2 words in

َ‫ك‬ ْ ‫ي‬ ً َُ َ ‫ي‬
sūrahs az-Zukhruf (‫اب‬
‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ي‬
‫م‬ ‫إ‬
‫ي ي‬‫يف‬) and al-Qaṣaṣ ( ‫وَل‬ ‫( ييف إ ي يمها رس‬, to match
the kasrah or the yā that is preceding the hamzah.
c- He reads with kasrah of hamzah and mīm, waṣlan only, in 4
ْ ُ َ ُ ُ ْ ُ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ َ
sūrahs: an-Naḥl (‫ون إ ي يمهاُ يكم‬‫)أخرجكم يمن بط ي‬, an-Nūr (‫يوت إ ي يمهاُ يكم‬
‫)أو ب ي ي‬,
ْ ُ ُ ُ ْ ُ ََ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ َّ َ
az-Zumar (‫ون إ ي يمهاُ يكم‬
‫ )خلقكم ييف بط ي‬and an-Najm (‫ون إ ي يمهاُ يكم‬‫جن ٍة ييف بط ي‬ ‫)أ ي‬
d- When starting with the words of b or c, Al-Kisā-ī reads hamzah
with ḍammah and mīm with fatḥah, like all the reciters.
ٌ
6- Al-Kisā-ī is one of the reciters who make qaṣr for the word ‫َر ُءف‬
ٌ َ
)‫(ل َر ُءف‬, which means there is no wāw maddiyyah.
َ ْ ٌ َُ َ َ َ
ُ ْ ‫وف) َق‬ َ َ َ ُ َ ْ َ ُ َُ َْ َ
‫ص ُصح َبتيهي َحل‬ ‫شفا و(رء‬ *** ‫اب ك َما عل‬‫ ويف أم يقولون اليط‬- 019

7- He reads ‫ن‬َُ َ
‫ يب ي‬with kasrah. He reads all of these words with
ً ۡ ُ ‫ييوخا – ۡٱلغي‬
ً ً
kasrah on the first letter: ‫ب ي ُيوُا‬-‫ٱْل ي ُيوت‬-‫ن ي ۡسيا‬-‫جيوب ي يه َّن‬
‫ي ي‬
- ‫وب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ش‬-‫عييونا‬

8- He reads the following words differently from Ḥafṣ, also.

‫ب‬
ً َ
َ ‫ ٱلر ُع‬- ‫مودا‬ َ َّ َ َ َّ َ ‫ي ُ ي‬ َ ُ ُ َۡ َ
‫ ُلقف – ث‬- ‫ ُماسوهن – تسق ۡط‬- ‫ ل َم ۡس ُت ُم الن يساءي‬- ‫ِش‬ ‫الريح – يب‬ ‫ا‬ ً ۡ ‫ُو‬
‫دل‬
‫ي‬ –

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 25

 13- Yā-āt ul-Iḍāfah

Yā-il-iḍāfah is yā-il-mutakallim, and can be added to the end of a

noun, verb or particle. It can be replaced by a kāf, hā or any other
pronoun. It’s an extraneous letter that is not part of the root letters,
fā, ˘ayn or lām ulkalimah.
َ ْ َُ
‫ول فتش يِك‬ ُ ُ‫َه م ْين َن ْفس اْْل‬
‫ص‬ َ ‫*** َو َما ي‬ َ َ ُ َ ْ ْ َ ْ َ ََْ
‫اء إيضاف ٍة‬‫ وليست بيل يم ال يفع يل ي‬- 141
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
َ َ ْ َْ ْ َ ُ َْ ْ
‫يُرى ل يل َهاءي َوالَك يف َمدخل‬ *** ‫ َولك َّين َها اكل َهاءي َوالَك يف ك َما ُل ييهي‬- 144

What are the differences between Yā-il-iḍāfah and Yā-az-Zawā-id?

The Attached Yā-āt il-iḍāfah at the end of: The Extra Yā-āt az-Zawā-id

(1) Nouns as ‫يَت‬ َ َُ َّ

‫ادل ي‬
‫ ب ي‬, verbs as ‫ون‬
‫ذر ي‬, and (1) At the end of: nouns as ‫اىع‬
ْ ََ َ
َّ /‫لَع‬
pronouns as ‫م يين‬/ ‫إل‬ َّ /‫ اْلواريي‬and verbs as ‫ يأ يَت‬/ ‫نبْ يغ‬
َ َ

2) Recorded in the writing of the Muṣḥaf (2) Deleted from the writing of
the Muṣḥaf

(3) The reciters differ in reading it with a (3) The reciters differ in reading
sukūn or a fatḥah. with the yā or without it.

(4) Do not stem from the word’s letters. (4) Either one of the word’s َ root
َّ / ‫ ي َ َْسي‬/ ‫ يَأَت‬or an
‫ادل ي‬
They denote a direct object or possessive letters like ‫اىع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
pronoun indicating “me” or “my”. َ
extra letter ‫عي يدي‬ ‫ َو ي‬/ ‫ ن يذيريي‬.

(5) They are pronouns (5) They are letters

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 26

Yā-al-iḍāfah can be followed by 1 of 6 letters: any letter-‫ٱ‬-‫ال‬-‫ءي‬-‫ ُء‬-‫ َء‬.
Their differences are found in 212 Yā-āt, when yā is followed by
hamzat qaṭ˘ 1) maftūḥah, 2) maksūrah 3) maḍmūmah:
َ َُْ ْ َ ‫َ َْْ ُ ُْ َْ ْي‬ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ ََ
‫ْي خلف القوم أحكييهي ُممل‬‫وث ينت ي‬ *** ‫َت يا ٍء َوعِش ُمن ييف ٍة‬ ‫ َويف ميائ‬- 913

4) The yā followed by hamzah al-waṣl which is lām at-ta˘rīf.

5) The yā followed by hamzah al-waṣl which is not lām at-ta˘rīf.

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 27

 6) The yā is followed by any other letter

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 28

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 29
 14-Yā-āt Az-Zawā-id, Extra

-Al-Kisā-ī establishes 2 yā-āt zawā-id (waṣlan) and deletes them

َ ۡ ُۡ َ ۡ َّ ٌ ۡ َ ُ َّ َ َ َ َۡ َ َ
(waqfan): 1- (11: 105) ‫تۦ َل ُكلم نفس إيَل بيإيذنيهيۦ ف يمنهم ش يق وسعييد‬
َ َ ‫ي ۡوم يأ ي‬

2- (18: 64)
َ َ َٰٓ َ َ ‫ٱرَُ َّدا‬
‫لَع َءاثاريه َيما ق َصصا‬ ۡ َ‫ف‬ ‫َن ۡبغي ۦ‬
ُ َ َ َ َ
‫ قال ذل يك َما ك َّنا‬.

-He establishes 2 yā-āt zawā-id (waqfan) ‫ َوا يدۦ‬- ‫ ب ي َه يدۦ‬and deletes

them (waṣlan, due to the meeting of 2 sākin letters):
َ َ ْ َ َ ‫َ َّ َ ي‬ َ َ َ ‫( َو َما ي أ‬30:53)
ۡ ‫نت ب َه يد ۡٱل ُع‬
َٰٓ ‫( ح‬27:18) 4- ُۖ‫ِم َعن َض َللت ي يه ۡم‬
3- ‫َت إيذا أُ ۡوا لَع َوا يد ٱْلَّ ۡم يل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬

-He deletes the only extra yā’, which Ḥafṣ establishes in (27: 36).

This concludes the lessons of Al-Kisā-ī’s recitation rules.

To recite in Al-Kisā-ī’s Qirā-ah, you should listen to the sheikhs

who recite in his style, get the Muṣḥaf of Al-Kisā-ī, and learn with
a teacher (preferably one who has an Ijāzah).

To listen to Al-Kisā-ī’s recitation through Ad-Dūrī’s riwāyah,

visit this link: http://quran.islamhouse.com/ar/recitation/478995/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jH3pkxqgg3I

For a Muṣḥaf written in Al-Kisā-ī’s recitation, click on the link:

https://archive.org/details/alfirdwsi3568665885635683_gmail_201703

To listen to Ad-Dūrī’s riwayah ˘n Al-Kisā-ī, visit the link:

http://ar.assabile.com/quran/collections/all/ad-dwry-an-al-ksa-iy

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 30

 15- References

،‫ نور الدين علي دمحم حسن المصري‬:‫ الكاتب‬،‫ اإلضاءة في بيان أصول القراءة‬-0
0121‫ سنة النشر هـ‬،‫ المكتبة األزهرية للتراث‬:‫) الناشر‬0141‫الملقب بالضباع (ت‬

‫اط ِبيَّ ِة ( ِح ْرز ْاأل َ َمانِي َو َو ْجه التَّهانِي) في القراءات السبع لإلمام الشاطبي‬
ِ ‫ش‬َّ ‫ َمتْ ُن ال‬-2

‫ عبد الفتاح عبد الغني‬:‫ المؤلف‬،‫ الوافي في شرح الشاطبية في القراءات السبع‬-3
0999 – 0121 :‫ سنة النشر‬،‫ مكتبة السوادي – جدة‬:‫القاضي الناشر‬

‫سبحانك اللهم وبحمدك أشهد أن ال إله إال أنت‬

‫أستغفرك وأتوب إليك‬

How perfect You are, O Allāh, and I praise You. I bear witness
that None has the right to be worshipped except You. I seek Your
forgiveness and turn to You in repentance.

If you find any mistakes please email me: najaah.ummAhmad@gmail.com

INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT © 2018 Sheikha Fatma All

Rights Reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying and recording, or by any information
storage and retrieval, without prior written permission/approval
from the author/Sheikha.

The Beauty in The Eyes of The Qārī in Qirā-at Al-Kisā-ī 31