1

monografije cpa

Scripta in Honorem
Bojan Djurić
uredniki / editors: Branka Migotti, Phil Mason, Barbara Nadbath, Tadeja Mulh
tehnična urednica / technical editor: Vanja Celin
oblikovanje in prelom / design and typeset: Nives Spudić

mmxii
Monografije CPA 1 oblikovanje in prelom/design and typeset by
Scripta in honorem Bojan Djurić Nives Spudić

izdajatelj/issued by tisk/printed by
Zavod za varstvo kulturne dediščine Slovenije Littera Picta, d.o.o.
Metelkova 6, SI-1000 Ljubljana
http://www.zvkds.si fotografija na naslovnici / cover photograph by
Matjaž Zupanc, Zavod za gradbeništvo Slovenije
uredniški odbor/editorial board
Barbara Nadbath, glavna urednica / editor in chief naklada/printrun
Tadeja Mulh, odgovorna urednica / associate editor 400
Maja Jerala, tehnična urednica / technical editor
dr. Bojan Djurić, član / member Vse edicije zbirke Monografije CPA so brezplačne.
dr. Matija Črešnar, član / member / All copies of CPA monograph series are free of
dr. Špela Karo, članica / member charge.

lektoriranje / proof-reading © 2012 Zavod za varstvo kulturne dediščine

angleščina / english – Phil Mason, Branka Migotti Slovenije
slovenščina / slovenian – Gabrijela Lavrinc Vse pravice pridržane. / All rights reserved.
hrvaščina / croatian – Branka Migotti
srbščina / serbian – Branka Migotti Tisk je podprla družba PJP, d.o.o. / Print sponsored
by PJP, d.o.o.

CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji

Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana

902(497.4):929Djurić B.(082)
903/904(497.4)(082)

SCRIPTA in honorem Bojan Djurić / uredniki, editors

Branka Migotti ... [et al.]. - Ljubljana : Zavod za varstvo
kulturne dediščine Slovenije, 2012. - (Monografije CPA ;
1)

ISBN 978-961-6420-88-4
1. Migotti, Branka
261356544
 Vsebina
Contents

17 Bibliografija
Bibliography
Manca Vinazza

33 Odstiranje prostora in zgodovine

Revealing Space and History
Mitja Guštin

51 The „German School“ and its influence on the national archaeologies

of the Western Balkans
„Nemška šola“ in njen vpliv na nacionalne arheologije zahodnega Balkana
Predrag Novaković

73 Od črk na papirju do prezentacije arheoloških ostalin. Konservatorski postopki za ohranitev

arheoloških ostalin na mestu odkritja na primeru Celja
From letters on paper to the presentation of archaeological remains. Conservation approaches to
the on-site preservation of archaeological remains: the case of Celje
Danijela Brišnik

93 Genius loci ali Žabji grad in kulturna krajina Ljubljanskega barja

Genius loci or Žabji grad and the cultural landscape of Ljubljansko barje
Barbara Nadbath, Gašper Rutar

101 Podvrtano arheološko najdišče Bobovo pri Ponikvi

Horizontal drilling under the Bobovo pri Ponikvi archaeological site
Maja Bricelj

111 Arheologija kot neizčrpen vir znanja o preteklosti in sedanjosti

Archaeology as an inexhaustible source of knowledge about the Past and the Present
Verena Perko

123 Čebelice: življenjska zgodba nekega mozaika

The Bees: the life story of a certain mosaic
Bernarda Županek

133 Bronastodobna enoročajna skodelica na nogi iz Podsmreke pri Višnji Gori

A Bronze Age Single-handled Footed Cup from Podsmreka near Višnja Gora
Ida Murgelj
143 Sites in the Landscape or the Landscape as Site
Najdišča v pokrajini ali pokrajina kot najdišče
Phil Mason

159 Nekaj novosti o mlajši železni dobi v severovzhodni Sloveniji

Some New Data on the Late Iron Age in North-eastern Slovenia
Matija Črešnar

169 Sfinga v situlski umetnosti ob severnem Jadranu in njegovem zaledju

The sphinx in Situla Art in the northern Adriatic region and its hinterland
Biba Teržan

197 Mensa ponderaria from Emona

Mensa ponderaria iz Emone
Andrej Gaspari, Matjaž Novšak

205 Ančnikovo gradišče – nekaj novosti o naselbinski podobi

Ančnikovo gradišče – New Insights into the Form of the Settlement
Mira Strmčnik Gulič

215 Raziskave antičnih ostankov na najdišču Groblje (Log pri Sevnici)

Archaeological research on the Roman site of Groblje (Log near Sevnica)
Gašper Rutar, Mateja Ravnik

231 Pogled na Petovionsko arhitekturo – Gubčeva ulica, Ptuj

An overview of the architecture of Poetovio – Gubčeva ulica, Ptuj
Mojca Vomer Gojkovič

249 The Topography of Finds of Marble Sculptures in Sirmium

Topografija najdb marmornih skulptur v Sirmiju
Ivana Popović

265 Perirrhanteria stands from Krševica

Kamniti bazi oltarjev Perirrhanteria iz Krševice
Petar Popović

271 Dragonera South, The Planimetry of the Villa Maritima

Dragonera Jug, načrt vile maritime
Alka Starac

285 Prilog proučavanju pitosa/dolija s otoka Visa, Biševa, Sveca i Palagruže

A contribution to the study of Pithoi/Dolia from the Islands of Vis, Biševo, Svetac and Palagruža
Branko Kirigin
305 Votivna ploča iz Čortanovaca (Srem)
A votive relief from Čortanovci (Srem)
Velika Dautova Ruševljan

313 Vrhniški skarabej

The Vrhnika Scarab
Mija Topličanec, Jožica Hrustel

319 Hot, cold or mixed? A Roman mixer tap from Hoogeloon (The Netherlands)
Vroče, mrzlo ali toplo? Rimska vodovodna pipa iz Hoogeloona (Nizozemska)
P. A. C. Schut

329 Čaša za posebne priložnosti. Odlomka čaše bogov iz Celeje

A beaker for special occasions. Two fragments of a mythological beaker from Celeia
Irena Lazar

337 Pasna garnitura VTERE FELIX iz severne emonske nekropole

The VTERE FELIX belt accoutrements from the Northern Cemetery of Emona
Tadeja Mulh

345 Gema z Ančnikovega gradišča in drugih poznoantičnih naselbin na območju Slovenije

The Gem from Ančnikovo gradišče and other Late Antique Fortified Hill-top Settlements
in Slovenia
Aleksandra Nestorović

351 Sidrasti fibuli iz zakladne najdbe Drnovo 2

Two anchor-shaped fibulae from the Drnovo 2 hoard
Gojko Tica

361 Upodobljena oblačila na rimskih nagrobnih spomenikih iz območja mest Petovione

in Celeje ter njunih agrov
Depictions of Costume on Roman Funerary Monuments from the Area of the Towns and
Territories of Poetovio and Celeia
Metka Šajn

387 Rimski nadgrobni reljef iz Križovljana u sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj

The Roman funerary relief from Križovljan in North-western Croatia
Branka Migotti

399 Eastern Alpine marble and its use for the Roman capitals from Sirmium
Vzhodnoalpski marmor in njegova uporaba za rimske kapitele iz Sirmija
Andreja Maver
411 Die Werkstatt des Meisters von Celeia
Delavnica mojstra iz Celeje
Erwin Pochmarski

421 Akroteriji sarkofaga Valerija Dinensa iz Salone

The Acroteria on the Sarcophagus of Valerius Dinens from Salona
Nenad Cambi

427 Ein ungewöhnlicher Sarkophag aus der Nähe von Dokimeion

Nenavaden sarkofag iz okolice Dokimejona
Guntram Koch

435 Zur Darstellung der Hasen in Oberitalien und in den östlich angrenzenden Provinzen
Upodobitve zajca v zgornji Italiji in njenih vzhodnih mejnih provincah
Monika Verzár

447 Herkulovo svetišče v Celju: pregled raziskav in prezentacije

The Temple of Hercules in Celje: an overview of the excavations and presentation
Maja Jerala
 Scripta in honorem Bojan Djurić

Mensa ponderaria from Emona

Mensa ponderaria iz Emone

Andrej Gaspari, Matjaž Novšak

Abstract: An interesting stone monument was found during the excavation of the remains of Roman Emona in 2005.
It proved to be a weights and measures bench for testing capacity. It is a rectangular oblong limestone slab, measuring
180 × 50 × 26 cm, with six differently sized cavities, used by merchants and their customers for testing capacity of bulk
foods (cereals etc.), i.e. whether they are in accordance with the official standards of the Roman state. The discovered
fragments of the bench, two smaller and one larger, were found in the fill of a Late Roman pit cut into the cloaca at the
eastern part of the crossroads between the main town street in a north-south direction (cardo maximus) and the main town
street in an east-west direction (decumanus) J.

Key words: Slovenia, Ljubljana, Emona, Roman Period, measurements, mensa ponderaria

Izvleček: Med izkopavanji ostankov rimske Emone na lokaciji Šumi v Ljubljani leta 2005 je bil odkrit tudi zanimiv ka-
mniti spomenik – merna miza za preverjanje prostornin. Gre za pravokotno podolgovato ploščo iz apnenca dimenzij
180 × 50 × 26 cm s šestimi vdolbinami različnih velikosti, ki so jo uporabljali trgovci in kupci za preverjanje prostornine
sipkih živil, t. j. če le te ustrezajo uradnim standardom rimske države. Odkriti odlomki mize, dva manjša in eden večji, so
ležali v zasutju poznorimskega vkopa v kloako na vzhodnem delu križišča med glavno mestno ulico v smeri sever–jug
(cardo maximus) in dekumanom (decumanus) J.

Ključne besede: Slovenija, Ljubljana, Emona, rimsko obdobje, mere, mensa ponderaria

This find is dedicated to Dr. Bojan Djurić on the oc-
casion of his anniversary. It is a complement to the
corpus of a man who has devoted the larger part of
his professional career to researching the production
and trade of Roman stone products, whose profes-
sional work has contributed to the formation of gen-
erations of archaeologists, who has helped to create
the conditions for their professional development,
and who has encouraged, with a visionary strategy,
the formation of research teams.
archaeological practice Arhej, d.o.o., an interesting
stone monument was discovered. It proved to be a
weights and measures bench for testing capacities. It
is a rectangular oblong limestone slab measuring 180
× 50 × 26 cm, with six differently sized cavities, that
was used by merchants and customers for checking
capacities of bulk foods (cereals etc.), i.e. whether
they are in accordance with the official standards of
the Roman state.

Circumstances of the discovery

Introduction
During the excavation of the remains of Roman Emo-
na at the Šumi site in Ljubljana, conducted between
2005 and 2007 by the Institute for the Protection of
Cultural Heritage of Slovenia and the commercial
The discovered fragments of the bench, two smaller
and one larger, were found in the upper part of the
filling of a Late Roman pit dug into the cloaca at
the eastern part of the fill of a Late Roman pit cut
into the cloaca at the eastern part of the crossroads
Andrej Gaspari, Matjaž Novšak
between the main town street in the north-south di-
rection (cardo maximus) and the main town street in an
east-west direction, i.e. decumanus J (Fig. 1). This pit
(L: 3.15 m; W: 2.25 m; H: 0.6 m; Context no. 5004)
had been dug from an unidentified surface above
the last complete reconstruction of the road (Con-
text no. 571), 1 m east of the original access shaft
into the cloaca, which was covered by a rectangular
stone slab (L: 0.97 m; W: 0.75 m; H: 0.17 m; Context
Figure/Slika 1 A plan of Emona with the site where the mensa ponderaria was found / Načrt Emone z najdiščem merne
mize (by/izdelal A. Gaspari).
198
no. 5356). The outline of the pit was identified after
the removal of a 0.4 m thick layer of black silty clay
(Context no. 5000), the so-called „dark soil“, depos-
ited on the abandoned surface in the time when the
road was no longer in use, until the area was built up
in the 17th century.
According to preliminary determination of the coins
from the sediments, the last reconstruction of the
roadway can be dated approximately in the mid 4th

Figure/Slika 2 A view of the surface of the last recon-
struction of the decumanus J in the Late Roman period with
the break in the arch of the cloaca, which was filled with
fragments of the mensa ponderaria / Pogled na površino
zadnje obnove dekumana J iz poznorimskega obdobja s
prebojem oboka kloake, ki so ga zadelali z deli merne mize
(photo/foto J. Bregar).
century AD. It was also probably one of the last
times when this part of the cloaca was emptied. So
far, the latest identified find from the penultimate
layer in the 0.5 m thick sequence of sediments in the
cloaca (internal height of the cloaca at this spot is 1.3
m) is an AE follis of Galeria Valeria, coined between
the years 308 and 311 (SF 1009). Recent research of
the decumani F and K has confirmed the findings of
dr. Plesničar, who posited that the maintenance and
cleaning of the cloacas was slowly abandoned dur-
ing the second half of the 4th century AD (Plesničar
1999, 56).
The pit Context no. 5004 was most likely a conse-
quence of either an extraordinary cleaning of the
sediments or of a repair, although neither of the
two options has been proven. It was filled with a
homogenous mass of unworked fragments of lime-
stone and sandstone, while the spaces between the
stones were filled by very dark grey-brown silty clay
with brick fragmens, mortar and charcoal (Context
no. 5003). Four bronze coins were found in the fill,
which reached to the top of the sediments in the
cloaca. Most likely, these coins originate from the
time between the mid 4th century AD and the second
quarter of the 5th century AD (SF 5139, 5141, 5143),
which indicates that the arch of the cloaca only col-
lapsed after the aforementioned reconstruction of
the roadway.
Mensa ponderaria from Emona
The two smaller fragments of the weights and meas-
ures bench (SF 5133, 5134) were found in the upper
part of the fill, whilst the larger fragment was leant at
an oblique angle directly over the opening in the arch
of the cloaca (Fig. 2). The missing part of the bench
might be located in the as yet uninvestigated part of
the fill, in the section of the western edge of the ex-
cavation area, in direct proximity to the modern east-
ern pavement on the Slovenska cesta road.
The discovered pits and (mostly provisional) recon-
structions of the arches indicate that repairs were un-
dertaken on virtually all of the cloacas in Emona in
the time frame implied (mid 4th century AD–second
quarter of the 5th century AD). However, the col-
lecting channel under the decumanus, was the one
that was subject to one of the greatest reconstruc-
tion interventions. Part of the damaged arch directly
adjacent to the original access shaft in the crossroads
at the north-west corner of Insula XVIII (east of
the Early Christian centre in Insula XXXII) were re-
placed by transversely-placed semicircular stone par-
titions from grave lots, probably brought from the
northern cemetery of Emona (Plesničar Gec 1999,
42, 186, Figs. 44, 269, 272). In that period, older
cemetery elements were occasionally used as building
material, as shown by the stele of Exoratus found in
the Late Roman pavement and two boundary stones
from a grave lot (cippus terminalis), which were used as
pillar bases in Insula XI (Schmid 1913, 102–103), as
well as by the early imperial tombstone of L. Cantius
Fidus, built into the impluvium of an atrium during the
final renovation of Insula XIII, dated into the end
of the 4th or the beginning of the 5th century AD
(Lovenjak, Gaspari 2012).
Description
The bench from Emona (Fig. 3–4) is made out of a
single piece of white local limestone. The conically
rounded cavities, chiseled into the upper surface, de-
crease in size from the largest to the smallest. All the
cavities except the smallest one were made in an ap-
proximate ratio 1 (diameter of the lower opening) :
199
Andrej Gaspari, Matjaž Novšak
2 (diameter of the rim) : 2 (depth). The internal sur-
faces are rough and show densely scattered pointed
chisel marks. Only a 6 cm area under the rim of the
largest cavity is more carefully carved.
The dimensions of the cavities are as follows:
I – vol. 13670 ml (1.566 of a modius); rim diameter:
32 cm; depth 27 cm; apperture diameter: 16 cm;
II – vol. 4320 ml (0.495 of a modius); rim diameter:
19 cm; depth 18 cm apperture diameter: 11 cm;
III – vol. 1860 ml (0.213 of a modius); rim diameter:
15.8 cm; depth 15.2 cm; apperture diameter: 7 cm;
IV – rim diameter: 2.1 cm; depth 12 cm; apperture
diameter: 6 cm;
V – rim diameter: 9.1 cm; depth 9.1 cm; apperture
diameter: 4.8 cm;
VI – rim diameter: ca. 4 cm; depth 5.4 cm.
On the lower side, under the cavities II–VI, the bench
has a V-shaped groove (W: 25 cm; H: 7.5 cm). Three
side surfaces of the bench are carefully worked, whilst
Figure/Slika 3 The discovered parts of the mensa ponder-
aria / Odkriti deli merne mize (photo/foto J. Bregar).
200
the longer, roughly chiseled side was probably placed
against a wall.
When it was in use, the slab cracked through the mid-
dle of the upper surface along a natural fissure with
calcite crystals and the damage was repaired with an
oblong iron cramp (L: 10.5 cm; W: 1.6 cm; H: 1.1
cm) fastened with lead, and another lead filling in the
shape of a double swallowtail (L: 6.4 cm; W: 4.4 cm;
see Adam 2007, 55), decorated with carved lines.
Commentary
The expressions mensa ponderaria or tabula mensaria
have been used for weights and measures benches
by modern researchers, while the authentic Greek
equivalent referring to them is secoma (σήχώμά). They
are known from many Greek and Roman towns in
the Mediterranean (Frayn 1993, 113). Some of the
best known Roman examples include the bench from
Pompeii (CIL 10, 793 = ILS 562), situated in a nar-
Figure/Slika 4 The mensa ponderaria. A – upper sur-
face; B – lower surface / Merna miza. A – zgoraj;
B – spodaj (drawing/risba M. Zorovič).

row niche in the portico of the forum, not far from
the temple of Apollo (Corti 2001, 220–221; Fig. 5),
as well as two benches from a building specifically
intended for keeping official measurements (ponder-
arium) in the Roman Tibur district, the modern Tivoli
near Rome (CIL XIV 3687–3688). A geographically
close example is that of the fragmented bench from
the forum in Asseria (Podgrađe near Benkovac) in the
vicinity of Zadar (Jeličić 1980; Kurilić 2007), which
has a greater number of cavities than the benches
from Pompeii and Emona. The surface of the cavities
is usually rough and when determining their capacity
it should be noted that the cavities were usually a little
larger than the associated bronze or brass measuring
vessels (mensurae). Particularly large and more careful-
ly chiseled cavities have wide openings or metal tubes
at the bottom, so that it was possible to pour the con-
tent directly into containers (bags, amphoras or other
Figure/Slika 5 The mensa ponderaria from Pompeii /
Merna miza iz Pompejev (after/po Mazois 1812–1838,
vol. III, t. XL; Ministero per i Beni e le Attività
Culturali della Repubblica Italiana / Biblioteca Nazionale
Centrale di Firenze).
Mensa ponderaria from Emona
vessels), while cavities with no outlets indicate the use
of removable measuring vessels.
With the exception of the Emona example, all the
above-mentioned benches bear inscriptions, even
though the great majority of the known benches are
non-epigraphic. The inscriptions on the front sides
usually mention the magistrates whose task it was to
control and test public traffic (cura urbis), trade and
especially weights and measures. When they took up
office, they set up these benches, either of their own
volition or following instructions. They were also in
charge of coordinating weights and measures (mensu-
ras exaequandas), which – according to the inscription
from the bench of Pompeii – helped to consolidate
the unity of the state. The magistrates most often men-
tioned in this context by early imperial inscriptions
are the aediles. However, the task was often assigned
also to the duumviri.
Inscriptions on the upper surface apply to either the
type of the liquid or substance (e.g. FR(umentum))
which could be measured in the belonging cavities, or
denote their capacity. In the Roman period, the basic
unit of measure for liquid capacity was the quadrantal
(2 urnae or 8 congii), and the main unit of dry measure
was the modius (1/2 semimodius – 4.47 l; 1/16 sextarius
– 0.54 l; 1/32 hemina). A modius was one third of a
quadrantal and corresponds to 8.73 litre.
Conclusion
The worn-out slab, which can be only approximately
dated to the imperial period, was used to cover an
opening in the arch of the cloaca after the mid 4th
century AD. Originally, it was probably located in
the forum, the centre of administration and trade
in the town, perhaps even in the basilica itself or in
its vicinity. It is also possible that the bench served
its purpose near the northern town gate, which is
approximately the same distance away. Benches for
testing length measurements (mensae mensuariae) were
also placed at such locations. The tradition of testing
measures at public places has been preserved through
the Middle Ages (Darrou 1994) to the present day,
201
Andrej Gaspari, Matjaž Novšak

Figure/Slika 6 A medieval weights and measures bench

while the continuity of the shape of weights and
measures benches, and to a lesser extent of old Ro-
man measures can be traced in the coastal and inland
towns of Istria and Dalmatia (Sekulić-Gvozdanović
1995) (Fig. 6).
from the town hall in the town of Piran (Kovič, Pahor 1960,
32). The carefully worked stone of an irregular pentago-
nal shape was in 1477 placed at the foot of an external
staircase. On its front side there are the Venetian winged lion
with an open book, both coats of arms of Piran, and the
year when it was placed there. There are three cavities carved
in the upper surface, with their associated escape holes on the
sides. According to B. Kovič and M. Pahor these are capacity
measures for liquids, based on the urna of Piran and the
Venetian pail (photo A. Preložnik).
Srednjeveška merna miza iz mestne hiše v Piranu (Kovič,
Pahor 1960, 32). Natančno obdelan kamen nepravilne pet-
kotne oblike je bil leta 1477 postavljen ob vznožje zunanjega
stopnišča. Na njegovi čelni stranici so upodobljeni beneški
krilati lev z odprto knjigo, oba piranska grba in letnica po-
stavitve. V zgornjo ploskev so vklesane tri vdolbine, ki imajo
pripadajoče izpuste na stranskih površinah. Po B. Kovič in
M. Pahorju gre za količinske mere za tekočine, osnovane na
piranski urni in beneškem vedru (foto A. Preložnik).

Povzetek

Med izkopavanji ostankov rimske Emone na lokaciji Šumi v Ljubljani, ki jih je v letih 2005–2007 izvajal Zavod za varstvo
kulturne dediščine Slovenije s sodelovanjem podjetja Arhej, d. o. o., je bil odkrit tudi zanimiv kamniti spomenik – merna
miza za preverjanje prostornin. Gre za pravokotno podolgovato ploščo iz apnenca dimenzij 180 × 50 × 26 cm s šestimi
vdolbinami različnih velikosti, ki so jo uporabljali trgovci in kupci za preverjanje prostornine tekočin (olje, vino itd.) in
sipkih živil (žito ipd.), t. j. če le te ustrezajo uradnim standardom rimske države.
Odkriti odlomki mize, dva manjša in eden večji, so ležali v zgornjem delu zasutja poznorimskega vkopa v kloako na
vzhodnem delu križišča med glavno mestno ulico v smeri sever–jug (cardo maximus) in dekumanom (decumanus) J (sl. 1).
Omenjeni vkop (d. 3,15 m; š. 2,25 m; gl. 0,6 m; SE 5004) je bil izkopan 1 m vzhodno od originalnega dostopnega jaška
v kloako, ki ga je prekrivala pravokotna kamnita plošča in sicer iz neugotovljene površine nad zadnjo generalno prenovo
cestišča, okvirno datirane v sredino 4. stol.
Oba manjša odlomka merne mize sta bila najdena v zgornjem delu polnila, večji pa se je poševno naslanjal neposredno
na odprtino v oboku kloake (sl. 2). Manjkajoči del merne mize se morda nahaja v še neraziskanem delu polnila v profilu
zahodnega roba izkopnega polja, tik ob današnjem vzhodnem pločniku Slovenske ceste.
Odsluženo ploščo, ki jo zgolj okvirno datiramo v cesarsko obdobje, so enkrat po sredini 4. stol. uporabili za prekrivanje
odprtine v oboku kloake. Prvotno je bila najverjetneje nameščena na forumu kot upravnem in trgovskem središču mesta,
morda celo v sami baziliki ali njeni bližini, ni pa izključeno, da je svojemu namenu služila v bližini približno enako odda-
ljenih severnih mestnih vrat. Na takih mestih so se nahajale tudi mize za preverjanje dolžinskih mer (mensae mensuariae).
Miza iz Emone (sl. 3–4) je izdelana iz enega kosa belega gliniškega apnenca. Konično zaobljene vdolbine, ki so vklesane
v zgornjo ploskev, se zmanjšujejo od največje proti najmanjši. Pri izdelavi vseh vdolbin z izjemo najmanjše so približno
sledili razmerju 1 (premer spodnje odprtine) : 2 (premer ustja) : 2 (globina). Notranje površine so grobe in kažejo gosto
posejane vertikalne sledove koničastega dleta. Natančneje je poklesan le 6 cm visok pas pod ustjem največje vdolbine.
Dimenzije vdolbin znašajo: I – vol. 13670 ml (1,566 modija); pr. ustja 32 cm; gl. 27 cm; pr. odprtine 16 cm; II – vol. 4320
ml (0,495 modija); pr. ustja 19 cm; gl. 18 cm; pr. odprtine 11 cm; III – vol. 1860 ml (0,213 modija); pr. ustja 15,8 cm; gl.
15,2 cm; pr. odprtine 7 cm; IV – pr. ustja 12,1 cm; gl. 12 cm; pr. odprtine 6 cm; V – pr. 9,1 cm; gl. 9,1 cm; pr. odprtine
4,8 cm; VI – pr. ca 4 cm; dok. gl. 5,4 cm.
Miza je na spodnji strani pod vdolbinami II–VI strehasto izžlebljena (š. 25 cm; v. 7,5 cm). Tri stranske ploskve mize so
natančno obdelane, z daljšo, grobo poklesano stranico, pa je bila verjetno prislonjena ob steno.

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 Mensa ponderaria from Emona

V času uporabe je plošča po sredini zgornje ploskve počila v osi naravne razpoke s kalcitnimi kristali, poškodbo pa so
popravili s podolgovato železno spojko (d. 10,5 cm; š. 1,6 cm; deb. 1,1 cm), zalito s svincem, ter še eno svinčeno plombo
v obliki dvojnega lastovičjega repa (d. 6,4 cm; š. 4,4 cm), okrašeno z vrezanimi črtami.
Merne mize, ki so jim moderni raziskovalci nadeli imeni mensa ponderaria ali tabula mensaria in na katere se nanaša avtentični
grški ekvivalent secoma (σήχώμά), so znane iz številnih mest antičnega Sredozemlja. Med najbolj znane rimske primere
sodi miza iz Pompejev (CIL 10, 793 = ILS 562), ki je nameščena v ozki niši v forumskem portikatu, nedaleč od Apo-
lonovega templja (sl. 5), ter dve mizi iz posebej za shranjevanje uradnih mer namenjene stavbe (ponderarium) v antičnem
Tiburju, današnjem Tivoliju pri Rimu (CIL XIV 3687–3688). Iz naše bližine izvira fragmentirana miza iz foruma v Aseriji
v zadarskem zaledju, ki ima za razliko od primerkov iz Pompejev in Emone večje število vdolbin. Tradicija preverjanja
mer na javnih prostorih se je ohranila skozi srednji vek vse do danes, kontinuiteti uporabe oblike mernih miz, delno tudi
starih rimskih mer, pa je mogoče slediti v obalnih in zalednih mestih Istre in Dalmacije.

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dr. Andrej Gaspari
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Masarykova 16
SI-1000 Ljubljana
andrej.gaspari@gov.si
Matjaž Novšak
Arhej, d. o. o.
Drožanjska 23
SI-8290 Sevnica
arhejdoo@siol.net

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