ANALYSIS OF STUDY ON THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION IN

ISLAM

Submitted as:

History of Islamic Civilization

Students:
Annisa Kartika Octavia | 2010102066

Lecturer:
Muhammad Eko Sucipto, M.Irkh

TAZKIA ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

SHARIA ACCOUNTING STUDY PROGRAM
ACADEMIC YEAR 2021/2022
BOGOR
 ABSTRACT
History is an event that actually happened in the past. The subject matter of history is
always related to important experiences about the development of society as a whole.
The history of Islam is an event that actually happened in the past which is entirely
related to the religion of Islam, the history of progress and decline achieved by Muslims is
spread in various fields, such as the fields of religion and general science, culture,
architecture, politics, government, war, education, economy, and so on.
In this connection, various terms are usually used for history, including: History of
Islam, History of Islamic Culture, and History of Islamic Civilization. The history of Islamic
civilization is a product of the life activities of Muslims in the past that actually occurred in
the political, economic, and technological aspects that were sourced from the values of
Islamic teachings. So it can be said that Islamic civilization has been the identity of Muslims
for a long time.

Islamic Cultural Identity

In anthropology, culture is a form of expression of the deep desires of a society. Effat al-
Sharqawi said that culture is a form of expression of the deep spirit of a value that is
ingrained and ingrained in a society. The meaning of Islamic culture is a way of thinking and
feeling that Islam expresses itself in all aspects of the life of a group of people who form a
social unit in a space and at this time an integralistic understanding places Islam as a source
of value and motivation for life.

Meaning of Islamic Civilization

The basic assumption that we can build is that civilization comes from the word adab which
in this sense implies character, behavior or character. Thus civilization is all manners and
manners that are interpreted by Muslims from time to time.

Often Islamic civilization is associated with Arab civilization, even though in fact between
Arab and Islam can still be distinguished. The difference between these cultures is the
increase in civilization in the jahiliyah period which started from jahiliyah. This finally
changed when Islam came brought by the Prophet Muhammad in Arabia.

Islam as a Source of Culture and Civilization

Some say that Islam is equivalent to Islamic culture. To say that Islamic culture is part of the
deen of Islam means that they have incorporated elements of aqli (Muslim creation) into the
religion of Islam, and this also means that they have confused revelation and human reason.

In Islam, the first group is in the Qur'an and the Mutawatir Hadith. The Qur'an consists of
6,300 verses, but which regulates faith, worship, muamalah and human social life, according
to the study of scholars no more than 500 verses. The basic teachings of Islam (Al-Qur'an and
As-Sunnah which are authentic narrations) are not included in the culture, but the ulama's
understanding of the basic teachings of religion is the result of the initiative of the scholars.
Therefore, it is part of the culture. However, Muslims believe that culture which is the result
of the efforts of the scholars in understanding the basic teachings of Islam, is guided and
guided by Allah, namely the Qur'an and As-Sunnah. This is then called Islamic culture.

The interpretation of religious symbols is part of reality. At the same time, the manifestation
(practice) of these symbols into empirical reality forms a structured pattern in the form
commonly called culture and civilization. Thus it can be concluded that Islam is the source of
existing Islamic culture and civilization. So, Islam is not a culture but can give birth to a
culture. If culture is the result of human creation, feelings and intentions, then Islam is the
reality of revelation from God.

Islamic Culture Vs Arab Culture

All Islamic jurisdictions use Arabic. All cultural expressions are expressed through Arabic.
Even though at that time non-Arab nations had also begun to participate in fostering a culture
& civilization. In addition, many non-Muslims also donate their cultural works. However, the
problem is when using the assumption that "Arabic color" is one of the most valid and
absolute forms of religion. So the law must be applied in all conditions and situations of
patents. This of course has an impact on a situation where Arabic expression becomes
dominant, even hegemony in the culture and traditions that develop in the local community.

Islam vs normative and islam vs history

Islam has two kinds of values, namely the normative dimension of Islam and the historical
dimension of Islam. These two aspects have a unified, inseparable, but distinguishable
relationship. First; The normative aspect is that revelation must be accepted as it is, binding
on all parties and universally applicable. Second; the historical aspect, namely the Khilafah
can always change, accept discussion because it is a product of a certain era, and it is not a
transition.

History of Islamic Civilization

Among historians there is a difference of opinion about when the history of Islam began. In
general, differences can be divided into three types. First, the history of Muslims begins when
the Prophet Muhammad received the first revelation. According to this opinion, during the
thirteen years the Prophet in Mecca was born a Muslim community, although not yet
sovereign. Second, the history of Muslims began when the Prophet Muhammad migrated to
Medina, because Muslims were only sovereign in Medina. Third, Islamic civilization began
with the Prophet Adam because all the Prophets sent by Allah to humans were all Muslims
(Muslims). However, what is commonly used in the periodization of the history of Islamic
civilization is divided into three periods, namely, the period:

 Classic (650-1250 AD). Covers two periods of progress, namely the time of the
Prophet MuhammadKhulafaurrasyidin, Bani Umayyah, and the early days of the
Abbasid Daula.

 Middle (1250-1800 AD). In this period, there were two periods of decline and the
period of three great empires, namely the Ottoman Turks, the Safavid State, and the
Mongoliyah Daulah in India. The phase of the three great kingdoms progressed in
1500-1700 AD and regressed again in 1700-1800 AD.

 Modern (1800-present). During this period, Muslims learned a lot from the West in
order to restore the balance of power. In this era, Islam began to rise again by carrying
out reforms (tajdid).

Conclusion

Civilization is a process of changing the way of human life. In the process, civilization
proceeds gradually. Islamic civilization cannot be separated from Arab civilization as the
birthplace and development of Islam. Islamic civilization has experienced ups and downs,
various events have adorned its journey. The main factor in the birth of Islamic civilization is
science and moral improvement. As we know before the Prophet Muhammad When it comes,
the Arabs have low morals, are far from the truth, reject the values of faith and follow mere
lust. So Islam came to improve and perfect human character. No wonder Muslim scientists
were born in all fields when Islamic civilization experienced a golden age. By understanding
the history of Islamic civilization, this is the momentum to increase awareness and
confidence that Islam is able to become the best guide for the civilization of a nation.