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Educ ation Divi sion

Professional Nutrition Coach


COURSE QUIZZES

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Contents
Introduction – Unit 17
Answer Form

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Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Introduction
1. Food is so much more than fuel. 8. Your clients can improve despite their
a. True genetics:

b. False a. True
b. False
2. Good nutrition takes into account the
following: 9. _____ alone usually isn’t enough.
a. Energy balance a. Hormonal balance
b. Nutrient intake b. Mood
c. Environmental sustainability c. Exercise
d. All of the above are correct
10. Focusing exclusively on body
3. Good nutrition programs can help to composition when making nutrition
properly control energy balance. choices is always healthy.

a. True a. True

b. False b. False

4. Which of the following statements is 11. Good nutrition includes using _____ to
true in regards to nutrient density? inform future decisions.

a. It’s the balance between food and exercise a. supplements outcomes

b. It can’t be influenced by someone’s food choices b. newspapers

c. Nutrient dense foods are generally highly pro- c. diet plans


cessed foods
12. This course qualifies you to legally offer
d. It’s the ratio of nutrients per amount of food Medical Nutrition Therapy.

5. Examples of foods with higher nutrient a. True


density include: b. False
a. Bright or deeply colored vegetables and fruits
13. There is a single best diet for everyone.
b. White flour
a. True
c. Ice cream
b. False
6. Limiting factors for clients may include
their genetic makeup, their physical 14. Sustainable agriculture involves things
activity patterns, or their mindset. like:
a. True a. Preserving and replenishing soil
b. False b. Preserving water
c. Making animal welfare a priority
7. To achieve great results with a client, it’s d. All of the above are correct
important to identify their:
a. Vitamin A levels 15. A good nutrition coach:
b. Blood cholesterol a. is client centered, helps clients take action, and
c. Vertical jump is continually learning.
d. Limiting factors b. has a stock diet plan for all clients, and is set in
their ways.
c. doesn’t care about scope of practice.
d. focuses exclusively on macronutrient intake
pnc_quiz_19-0301 with clients. 3
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Unit One
1. All living tissues are built from _____. 7. Which of the following would be
classified as an organelle?
a. exercise
a. The heart
b. minerals vitamins
b. The quads
c. cells
c. A mitochondrion
2. Metabolism refers to all of the cellular d. The tongue
tasks that contribute to life.
a. True 8. All of the chemical reactions that take
place in the body require the help of
b. False
specific proteins, called phytochemicals.

3. An example of an organism would be: a. True

a. A nucleus b. False

b. A human being
9. Wrapped up in chromosomes, our DNA
c. Skin dictates which _____ are formed in the
d. A kidney body.
a. nutrients
4. The organ system that has the main b. proteins
responsibility of protecting us against
pathogens, tumor cells, and other c. phytochemicals
foreign invaders is: d. fats
a. The immune system
10. Small genetic differences called _____
b. The skeletal system
explain why some people respond
c. The reproductive system slightly differently to various types of
d. The nervous system foods.
a. cells
5. The organ system that includes the b. muscle contractions
hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and
thyroid gland is: c. co-factors

a. The nervous system d. genetic polymorphisms

b. The endocrine system


11. Organelles give cells their structure and
c. The integumentary system function.
d. The skeletal system a. True
b. False
6. Which of the following is a tissue in the
human body?
12. Since lipids are part of the plasma
a. Epithelial membrane, the types of _____ we eat in
b. Connective our diet will influence the membrane’s
fluidity or flexibility.
c. Muscle
a. vitamins
d. All of the above are correct
b. fats
c. co-factors
d. enzymes

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Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

13. What cellular organelles contain cristae 18. Lipase is an example of an _____ that
and are responsible for converting degrades _____.
things like protein, carbohydrate, and fat a. organelle, lipids
into ATP?
b. organelle, carbohydrates
a. Cytosol
c. enzyme, lipids
b. Nucleus
d. enzyme, carbohydrates
c. Muscle
d. Mitochondria 19. Enzymatic function is influenced by
a host of environmental, genetic, and
14. DNA contains a code unique to each nutritional factors, including which of
of us, one that provides cellular the following?
instructions for making proteins that we a. Temperature
need for our structure and function.
b. pH
a. True
c. Vitamin and mineral status
b. False
d. All of the above are correct
15. Once our DNA sends out a signal to
make proteins, it’s the job of the_____ 20. In the lock-and-key model, the:
to receive this genetic message from a. Enzyme and its chemical partner fit together
the DNA and to make and transport tightly and carry out their reaction.
the required proteins for use inside and
b. Vitamins fit together loosely and carry out their
outside the cell.
reaction.
a. lysosome nucleus
c. Minerals fit together tightly and carry out their
b. endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus reaction.
c. mitochondria d. All of the above are correct

16. Which of the following would be an


example of a protein receptor initiating a
signal transduction cascade?
a. Peristalsis
b. Cellular response to insulin
c. Swallowing
d. None of the above are correct

17. Dietary proteins are proteins that “live”


in the cell membrane and let molecules
pass between spaces inside the cells
and spaces outside of cells.
a. True
b. False

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Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Unit 2
1. When speaking to clients about 6. Why does digested food travel slowly
nutrition, talk about _____ , not_____ through the intestines?
a. nutrients, food a. It allows nutrients to come into contact with the
intestinal wall so that they can be transported
b. food, nutrients
into circulation.
c. organelles, organisms
b. Because the immune system regulates digestion.
d. muscles, bones
c. It doesn’t; it moves quite fast, leaving the body
within 2 hours of ingestion.
2. If food seems nearby, our _____
immediately tells our mouth to start
7. The process of _____ , happens through
salivating, our stomach to start secreting
the _____ , a sturdy network of vessels
digestive enzymes, and so forth.
that shuttles material between the
a. stomach intestines and the liver.
b. mouth a. Cori cycling, cystic duct
c. brain b. enterohepatic circulation, portal vein
d. None of the above are correct c. emulsification, ileocecal valve
d. None of the above are correct
3. The stomach is divided into three parts,
the:
8. Small amounts of amylase and lipase are
a. Fundus, body, and antrum found in saliva.
b. Esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter, and a. True
fundus
b. False
c. Antrum, colon, and pyloric sphincter
d. None of the above are correct 9. When food and acid do re-enter the
esophagus, due to dysfunction of the
4. Fundamentally, the process of digestion _____ , this is called gastroesophageal
involves a few key steps: breaking down reflux (GERD):
foods mechanically and chemically into a. cecum
smaller pieces, and eventually smaller
b. ileocecal valve
molecules; moving those molecules
from inside the GI tract to elsewhere in c. lower esophageal sphincter
the body (either for use or storage); and d. pyloric sphincter
excreting whatever our body doesn’t
want or won’t use. 10. Normal stomach capacity ranges from
a. True 0.25 to 1.7 liters.
b. False a. True
b. False
5. The small intestine is lined with cells
called myocytes. 11. Bile secretion aids in the emulsification
a. True of _____ and is produced in the _____.
b. False a. protein, stomach
b. fat, liver
c. protein, kidney
d. fat, pancreas

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Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

12. The pancreas releases pancreatic juice 19. The following structures/enzymes/
and _____ hormones. functions relate to the mouth:
a. unknown a. Salivary amylase and mastication
b. corticoregulatory b. Gallbladder and salivary amylase
c. glucoregulatory c. Intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid
d. None of the above are correct
20. The following structures/enzymes/
13. Simple diffusion doesn’t need a carrier functions relate to the esophagus:
protein. a. Hydrochloric acid and peristalsis
a. True b. Peristalsis and epiglottis
b. False c. Intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid

14. Facilitated diffusion uses a carrier 21. The following structures/enzymes/


protein. functions relate to the stomach:
a. True a. Epiglottis and hydrochloric acid
b. False b. Mastication and salivary amylase
c. Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
15. Active transport uses energy because
it moves against the concentration 22. The following structures/enzymes/
gradient. functions relate to the small intestine:
a. True a. Epiglottis and intrinsic factor
b. False b. Where most absorption occurs; also known as
colon
16. The liver can store _____ for later use.
c. Where most absorption occurs; where pancre-
a. glycogen atic juices are secreted
b. vitamin C
c. photochemicals 23. The following structures/enzymes/
functions relate to the large intestine:
d. None of the above are correct
a. Absorbs sodium, potassium, acids, water;
gallbladder
17. The liver will filter toxins and drugs
newly introduced before blood is b. Also known as colon; absorbs sodium, potas-
returned to general circulation. This is sium, acids, water
referred to as _____. c. Mastication, epiglottis
a. co-factoring
b. first pass metabolism 24. Gastrin is:

c. ketosis a. Released when food enters through the lower


esophageal sphincter into the stomach
18. The spleen can deaminate amino acids, b. Released when food enters colon
converting them into glucose derivatives c. Released when food enters mouth
and free nitrogen for excretion through
the urine.
a. True
b. False

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Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

25. Secretin: 30. Peptide YY (PPY 3-36):


a. Is released by the kidneys to initiate peristalsis a. Directly signals the brain to suppress appetite
b. Tells liver to produce ketones b. Indirectly signals the colon to absorb water
c. Is released by S cells, tells pancreas and bile c. Directly signals the brain to increase appetite
ducts to produce pancreatic fluid d. Indirectly signals the brain to suppress appetite

26. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is: 31. Ghrelin:


a. A hunger hormone, indirectly tells your brain a. A glucoregulatory hormone that acts directly
that you’re hungry on the kidneys
b. A satiety hormone, indirectly tells your brain b. A hunger hormone that acts indirectly on the
that you’re full brain
c. A glucoregulatory hormone, helping balance c. A satiety hormone that acts directly on the
blood sugars colon

27. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP): d. A hunger hormone that acts directly on the
brain
a. Inhibits kidney function
b. Inhibits insulin release
c. Inhibits gastric secretions

28. Motilin:
a. Is released at regular intervals between meals,
may lead to “growling stomach”
b. Promotes muscle relaxation throughout GI
tract
c. Is released by esophagus

29. Somatostatin:
a. Increases the release of other digestive hor-
mones
b. Suppresses the release of other digestive hor-
mones
c. Another name for motilin

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Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Unit 3
1. According to the laws of 6. Two important hydrogen carriers, NAD+
thermodynamics, energy is never really (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and
created nor destroyed — it just moves FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide), act as
around or gets transformed from one co-enzymes. They are derived from the
form to another. vitamins _____ and _____.
a. True a. B1 (thiamin) and C (ascorbic acid)
b. False b. C (ascorbic acid) and B1 (thiamin)
c. B3 (niacin) and B2 (riboflavin)
2. Stored nutrients supply the energy for
d. B1 (thiamin) and B2 (riboflavin)
most of our regular functioning.
a. True 7. Fatty acids and triglycerides:
b. False a. Are important structurally in our plasma
membranes
3. _____ and _____ make up the two most
b. Help transport certain vitamins and minerals
important “raw materials” for making
in the body
ATP in the body.
c. Act as the largest fuel depot in the body
a. Amino acids, phytochemicals
d. All of the above are correct
b. Protein, enzymes
c. Triglycerides, glycogen 8. When we need triglycerides for energy,
d. Minerals, co-factors we break them down with a process
called lipolysis.
4. When adenosine-phosphate bonds are a. True
broften:
b. False
a. Protein is synthesized
b. Energy is released 9. While supplement companies boast
of their product’s ability to cause fat
c. Enzymes digest protein
mobilization (release), this mobilization
d. Energy is absorbed (release) is useless if there isn’t an
increased need for these mobilized
5. Breaking the chemical bonds that (released) fats.
normally hold the molecules of our food a. True
together releases energy. This energy,
in turn, fuels the processes we need to b. False
form ATP. We call this process _____.
10. β-oxidation is the process where:
a. storage
a. Protein is broften down into acetyl-CoA for
b. processing
energy transfer
c. energy transfer
b. Fatty acids are broften down into acetyl-CoA
d. energy synthesis for energy transfer
c. Glycogen is converted into glucose
d. Triglycerides are mobilized into fatty acids and
glycerol

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Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

11. When we need energy but don’t have a 16. _____ are used to make enzymes,
lot of carbohydrate coming in, our liver hormones, neurotransmitters, and
can make what for energy? antibodies.
a. Fatty acids a. Glucose
b. Ketones b. Amino acids
c. Triglycerides c. Carotenoids
d. Glycogen d. Fatty acids

12. When energy intake is high, from all 17. Amino acids have three eventual fates in
macronutrients, and energy demands the body:
are low: a. Exit the body unaltered, digestion of minerals,
a. β-oxidation occurs generate hormones
b. Fatty acid synthesis occurs b. Digestion of vitamins, form body fat, generate
c. Ketone formation occurs HCL

d. Gluconeogenesis occurs c. Create new protein, form non-protein com-


pounds, energy transfer
13. _____ is a molecule that’s absolutely d. Create new glycogen in fat cells, or energy
essential a) in cell membrane function, transfer
b) in the absorption of dietary fat, c) in
the synthesis of steroid hormones, and 18. The process of nitrogen removal is called
d) in the synthesis of bile salts. gluconeogenesis.
a. Cholesterol a. True
b. Ketone bodies b. False
c. Lycopene
19. The process by which cellular proteins
d. Branched chain amino acids are continually “recycled” by being
degraded and re-synthesized is called
14. _____ tends to be cardioprotective. _____.
a. LDL a. Transformation
b. HDL b. Glucose turnover
c. Triglyceride c. Protein turnover
d. Glucose

15. The _____ typically contains about 100g


of amino acids that can readily interact
with the amino acids and proteins
located within our cells.
a. plasma pool of lipids
b. glycerol pool
c. plasma pool of amino acids
d. muscle pool of amino acids

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Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

20. Which option best describes the ATP- 23. Pick the choice best related to
PCr pathway: glycogenesis:
a. Phosphocreatine can help to re-synthesize ATP; a. From glucose to pyruvate
is the first energy system to kick in when we b. Non-carbohydrates to glucose
start exercising
c. From glucose to stored glycogen
b. Becomes major source of energy production for
activity beyond 90 seconds in duration; pyru- d. From glycogen to glucose
vate is created
24. Pick the choice best related to
c. Made up of the Kreb’s cycle and the Electron
glycogenolysis:
Transport Chain; requires oxygen
a. Acetyl-CoA to ATP, CO2 and H2O
d. Used during low energy demand; has a small
capacity for ATP re-synthesis <10 seconds b. Non-carbohydrates to glucose
c. From glucose to stored glycogen
21. Which option best describes the
d. From glycogen to glucose
Glycolytic pathway:
a. Made up of the Kreb’s cycle and the Electron 25. Pick the choice best related to glycolysis:
Transport Chain; pyruvate is created
a. From glucose to pyruvate
b. Pyruvate is created; uses stored muscle glycogen
b. Non-carbohydrates to glucose
c. Becomes major source of energy production for
activity beyond 90 seconds in duration; made c. From glucose to stored glycogen
up of the Kreb’s cycle and the Electron Trans- d. From stored glycogen to glucose
port Chain
26. Pick the choice best related to the Kreb’s
22. Which option best describes the Cycle and Electron Transport Chain:
Oxidative Phosphorylative pathway: a. Acetyl-CoA to ATP, CO2 and H2O
a. Made up of the Kreb’s cycle and the Electron b. From glucose to pyruvate
Transport Chain
c. Non-carbohydrates to glucose
b. Necessary when using ATP at a rapid rate
d. From fatty acid to acetyl-CoA
c. Phosphocreatine can help to re-synthesize ATP
d. Produces pyruvate and lactic acid

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Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Unit 4
1. Large Calories represent the amount of 7. Insulin resistance can lower thermic
_____ required to raise the temperature effect of feeding (TEF).
of one kilogram of water by 1 degree a. True
Celsius (1°C)
b. False
a. cold
b. heat 8. Which macronutrient tends to have the
highest thermic effect of feeding (TEF)
c. ATP
in the human body?
d. glucose
a. Carbohydrate
2. A nuclear calorimeter is a device used to b. Fat
measure the energy content of food by c. Protein
combustion.
d. All of the above
a. True
b. False 9. The RQ for fat is _____ , the RQ for
glucose is _____.
3. “Calorie counting” is a very accurate a. 0.8, 0.8
approach and precise counting will help
your clients. b. 1.0, 0.7

a. True c. 0.7, 1.0

b. False d. 0.7, 0.7

4. The following can influence the energy 10. What can be used to estimate energy
value of food: expenditure via the measurement
of oxygen consumption and carbon
a. Resistant starch dioxide production?
b. Soil and growing conditions a. Oxygen tanks
c. Ripeness at time of harvest b. Indirect calorimetry
d. All of the above c. Nuclear calorimeter
d. Direct calorimetry
5. There is a direct relationship between
the amount of _____ we breathe in and
the amount of energy required by the 11. Energy balance is a multi-factorial
body. regulation process, much more complex
than food vs. exercise.
a. carbon monoxide
a. True
b. nitrogen
b. False
c. oxygen
d. carbon dioxide 12. During a calorie deficit, _____ is a form of
exercise can help to retain muscle.
6. No resting metabolic rate (RMR) a. Resistance training
equation is perfect.
b. Low intensity hatha yoga
a. True
c. Stretching
b. False
13. One way to shift your energy balance is
to eat more - or less.
a. True
b. False

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Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

14. For clients wanting to gain muscle, why 20. Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR):
would taking in carbohydrates during a. The energy used for the digestion, absorption,
training be helpful? and assimilation of ingested food/nutrients
a. It would prevent their body from using stored b. This component of metabolism is the smallest
nutrients daily contributor to energy expenditure yet
b. It wouldn’t has been found to be an important indicator of
c. It would lead to drastic decreases in estrogen weight loss or weight gain.
c. Very similar to BMR, usually about 10% higher
15. Along with weight gain and loss, energy d. Represents the number of calories required
balance affects other processes in our to sustain life without movement or digestive
bodies, such as: activity
a. Reproductive functions
b. Cognitive functions 21. Thermic Effect of Feeding (TEF):

c. Metabolic functions a. Energy used to perform purposeful exercise

d. All of the above are correct b. Represents the number of calories required
to sustain life without movement or digestive
activity
16. Vitamins and minerals directly transfer
energy in the regeneration of ATP c. This component of metabolism is the smallest
daily contributor to energy expenditure yet
a. True
has been found to be an important indicator of
b. False weight loss or weight gain.
d. The energy used for the digestion, absorption,
17. Vitamins and minerals can play
and assimilation of ingested food/nutrients
important roles as _____ in the energy
transfer process.
22. Exercise Activity (EA):
a. co-factors
a. The energy used for the digestion, absorption,
b. amino acids and assimilation of ingested food/nutrients
c. calories b. Energy used to perform purposeful exercise
d. fuel c. This component of metabolism is the smallest
daily contributor to energy expenditure yet
18. The problem of energy balance in the has been found to be an important indicator of
modern age is one reason why it’s so weight loss or weight gain.
important to help our clients eat whole,
d. Very similar to BMR, usually about 10% higher
less-processed foods (along with getting
regular movement and living a healthy
23. Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis
lifestyle).
(NEAT):
a. True
a. Very similar to BMR, usually about 10% higher
b. False
b. The energy used for the digestion, absorption,
and assimilation of ingested food/nutrients
19. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR):
c. This component of metabolism is the smallest
a. Represents the number of calories required
daily contributor to energy expenditure yet
to sustain life without movement or digestive
has been found to be an important indicator of
activity
weight loss or weight gain.
b. This component of metabolism is the smallest
d. Represents the number of calories required
daily contributor to energy expenditure yet
to sustain life without movement or digestive
has been found to be an important indicator of
activity
weight loss or weight gain.
c. Energy used to perform purposeful exercise
d. The energy used for the digestion, absorption,
and assimilation of ingested food/nutrients
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Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Unit 5
1. After 25 years of age, on average, people 7. The more intense the exercise, and the
lose about _____ of their RMR every more muscles utilized, the less oxygen
decade. consumed.
a. 15% a. True
b. 2-4% b. False
c. 10-12%
8. MET is short for what?
d. 0%
a. Metabolism
2. Lower intensity activity offers very little b. Metabolic equivalent
in the way of muscle preservation. c. Metrics
a. True
9. A MET is equal to 3.5 mL of oxygen per
b. False
kilogram of bodyweight per minute.
3. _____ seems to prevent muscle loss and a. True
preserve RMR most effectively: b. False
a. Cycling to get around town
10. What is the purpose of EPOC (excess
b. Gentle hatha yoga
post-exercise oxygen consumption)?
c. Intense exercise
a. To metabolize additional nutrients
d. Meditation
b. To replenish the energy stores that have been
used up
4. Sleep improves the secretion of _____
hormones. c. To reload the depleted oxygen stores in the
muscle and blood
a. catabolic
d. All of the above are correct
b. anabolic
c. neither 11. During various types of exercise, from
d. both aerobic to anaerobic, all three energy
systems are activated.
5. The following let nerve impulses travel a. True
along the sarcolemma, deep inside
b. False
the cell, to tell the muscles to fire and
contract.
12. About 10-90 seconds into high-intensity
a. T-tubules exercise which energy system would be
b. Sarcoplasm dominant?
c. Mitochondria a. ATP-PCr
d. Myofibrils b. Glycolytic
c. Oxidative phosphorylative
6. Why do muscle cells have numerous
d. All will contribute equally
mitochondria?
a. For buffering capacity
b. They don’t
c. Muscle cells require large amounts of energy
d. For glycogen storage

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Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

13. The point at which more lactate is being 16. Why does capillarization occur in
released than our bodies can clear out response to high levels of aerobic
and lactate begins to accumulate in the training?
bloodstream is referred to as what? a. Allows for enhanced delivery of oxygen/fuel to
a. Metabolism threshold muscle cells
b. Anaerobic threshold b. Enhances removal of CO2 and waste products
c. Exercise threshold c. Allows for the transfer of heat away from
d. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) muscles
d. All of the above are correct
14. When exercising at a level of intensity
just above the anaerobic threshold, 17. When a substrate is exhausted,
exercise can continue indefinitely. performance will suffer.
a. True a. True
b. False b. False

15. Increases in which of the following can 18. Both anaerobic and aerobic exercise,
contribute to muscle hypertrophy? as well as daily-life movement, lead to
a. Vitamin K storage beneficial metabolic adaptations.

b. Mitochondrial size and number a. True

c. Circulating cortisol b. False

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Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Unit 6
1. When we refer to starches, glycogen, or 7. No matter what sweetener someone
fiber, we’re referring to what? chooses, quantity is the most important
issue.
a. Monosaccharides
a. True
b. Polysaccharides
b. False
c. Amino acids
d. Fats 8. Before worrying about glycemic index or
nutrient timing, first prioritize:
2. Dietary fiber is not digested or absorbed
a. How much food someone is eating each day
by humans.
b. How fast/slow someone is eating each day
a. True
c. Why/what they are eating each day
b. False
d. All of the above
3. The end products of starch digestion are
always what? 9. Our brain needs about _____ of glucose
a day.
a. Polysaccharides
a. 5 grams
b. Fiber
b. 400 grams
c. Glucose monosaccharides
c. 130 grams
d. Amino acids
d. 310 grams
4. The end products of carbohydrate diges-
tion pass through and exit the intestinal 10. Rapid digesting carbohydrates can be
cells into blood vessels that transport beneficial when?
them to the _____ before they enter the a. After workouts
general circulation.
b. Before bed
a. kidney
c. While driving
b. liver
d. Never
c. heart
d. muscle 11. Getting adequate fiber from whole
foods translates into the following ben-
5. What monosaccharide is the primary efits:
source of energy and carbohydrate for a. Help someone to feel fuller longer
liver glycogen replenishment?
b. Lowered blood lipids and cholesterol
a. Fructose
c. Reduced risk of colon cancer
b. Hemicellulose
d. All of the above are correct
c. Sucrose
d. Glycerol 12. The simplest fat is the triglyceride.
a. True
6. Lower-glycemic index foods include:
b. False
a. White bread and refined pastries
b. Legumes, whole grains, vegetables
c. White rice and refined crackers

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Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

13. The digestive processing of fats takes 18. High trans fat intake is associated with
place predominately in what area of the what?
GI tract? a. Lowered HDL
a. Small intestine b. Increased endogenous cholesterol production
b. Large intestine c. Worse essential fatty acid deficiencies
c. Stomach d. All of the above are correct
d. Mouth
19. Unlike carbohydrates and fats, proteins
14. The end product(s) of fat digestion are also contain what?
_____ , which release into the_____ sys- a. Carbon
tem.
b. Nitrogen
a. amino acids, circulatory
c. Hydrogen
b. chylomicrons, lymphatic
d. All of the above are correct
c. glucose, circulatory
d. chylomicrons, circulatory 20. The process of protein digestion involves
the breakdown of proteins into _____
15. Dietary fat intake provides two essential and _____?
fatty acids that the body can’t make, a. small peptides, amino acids
known as:
b. glycerol, amino acids
a. Palmitic acid, omega-3 fatty acid
c. small peptides, glycerol
b. Linoleic acid, linolenic acid
d. glucose, amino acids
c. Leucine, isoleucine
d. Linoleic acid, palmitic acid 21. Short peptides tend to be absorbed
faster than free form amino acids.
16. Saturated fat should be balanced with a. True
other fat types (monounsaturated and
polyunsaturated). b. False
a. True
22. The _____ is the primary site for amino
b. False acid uptake after a meal?
a. kidney
17. To improve the omega-3 to omega-6
ratio: b. liver
a. Eat fewer industrially processed and refined c. spleen
foods and fats d. brain
b. Eat more varied plant and animal foods
23. Protein is needed for tasks such as:
c. Consider if an omega-3 supplement might be
useful a. Muscle protein synthesis
d. All of the above b. Building immune system chemicals
c. Building transport proteins
d. All of the above are correct

24. It’s necessary to classify proteins as


“complete” or “incomplete”.
a. True
b. False
pnc_quiz_19-0301 17
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Unit 7
1. Vitamins play a role in which of the fol- 8. Different people will have different mi-
lowing: cronutrient needs.
a. Growth a. True
b. Digestion b. False
c. Energy transfer
9. Those with a malabsorption syndrome
d. All of the above are correct would likely benefit from being tested
for vitamin and nutrient deficiencies.
2. Vitamins are _____ compounds.
a. True
a. inorganic
b. False
b. organic
c. mineral 10. What are electrolytes involved with?
d. All of the above are correct a. Contracting and relaxing muscles
b. Balancing body fluids
3. Vitamins can act as co-enzymes.
c. Signaling across nerve cells
a. True
d. All of the above are correct
b. False
11. Ionic state refers to whether a com-
4. Vitamins are generally categorized as pound is in a positive or semi-positive
either fat soluble or water soluble. state.
a. True a. True
b. False b. False

5. Vitamins meet the following criteria: 12. There are two ways to classify dietary
a. Provide calories minerals:
b. Provide minerals a. Macrominerals and microminerals
c. Are natural components of foods, usually pres- b. Fat soluble and water soluble
ent in very small amounts c. High glycemic and low glycemic
d. All of the above are correct d. Positive and negative

6. Fat soluble vitamins are: 13. Minerals:


a. Usually transported bound to dietary fat a. Serve as building blocks for body structures
b. Usually found in the portion of the cell which b. Help regulate body fluids
contains fat
c. Co-factors in enzymatic reactions
c. Excreted through feces
d. All of the above are correct
d. All of the above are correct
14. Minerals can act as fatty acids in enzy-
7. The B vitamins and vitamin C are water- matic reactions.
soluble.
a. True
a. True
b. False
b. False

pnc_quiz_19-0301 18
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

15. Usually, minerals must bind to other 22. Vitamin B2:


things, such as amino acids, for us to a. Only vitamin that can be obtained from the sun
absorb and use them most effectively.
b. Only in animal foods
a. True
c. Being part of the electron transporter FAD
b. False
d. All of the above are correct
16. Often, supplementing a particular
micronutrient will not have the same 23. Vitamin B3:
effect as eating a food that contains that a. Helping to make up the electron transporter
micronutrient (but not always). NAD
a. True b. Functions as a coenzyme necessary for energy
b. False production from food
c. Develops collagen, an important structural
17. Every vitamin and mineral can be ob- protein throughout the body
tained from vegetables, fruits, beans, d. All of the above are correct
nuts, and whole grains except for what?
a. Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D 24. Vitamin B5:
b. Vitamin C and Iron a. Involved in the formation of visual pigments
c. Calcium and Vitamin A b. Involved in the formation of acetyl-CoA
d. Folic Acid and Magnesium c. Obtained from the sun
d. All of the above are correct
18. Phytonutrients are found in plants and
myconutrients are found in fungi.
25. Vitamin B6:
a. True
a. Helps make up the electron transporter NAD
b. False
b. Involved in the formation of four vital enzymes
known as carboxylases
19. Different methods of food preparation
can affect that food’s vitamin content c. Works as a co-enzyme to form PLP
and bioavailability. d. All of the above are correct
a. True
26. Vitamin B7 (biotin):
b. False
a. Involved in the formation of four vital enzymes
20. Not getting enough vitamin C can result known as carboxylases
in: b. Assists the blood clotting process
a. Poor wound healing c. Works as a co-enzyme to assist in the metabo-
b. Improved blood glucose lism of nucleic and amino acids
c. Acromegaly d. All of the above are correct
d. All of the above are correct
27. Vitamin B9 (folate):
21. Vitamin B1: a. Involved in the formation of four vital enzymes
known as carboxylases
a. Involved in synthesizing DNA and RNA
b. Only found in animal foods
b. Develops collagen, an important structural
protein throughout the body c. Metabolism of nucleic and amino acids as a
co-enzyme
c. The formation of visual pigments
d. All of the above are correct
d. All of the above are correct

pnc_quiz_19-0301 19
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

28. Vitamin A: 34. Sodium:


a. Only vitamin that can be obtained from the sun a. Regulating extracellular fluid status, blood
b. Helps make up the electron transporter NAD volume, and blood pressure

c. Involved in the formation of visual pigments b. Helping to form hemoglobin and myoglobin
and assisting in the transport and storage of
d. All of the above are correct oxygen.
c. Reducing body fat
29. Vitamin D:
d. All of the above are correct
a. Helps make up the electron transporter FAD
b. Found only in drinking water 35. Potassium:
c. Only vitamin that can be obtained from the sun a. Enhancement of the effects of insulin
d. All of the above are correct b. Maintaining an electrochemical gradient across
cell membranes
30. Vitamin E:
c. Preventing tooth decay
a. Works as a co-enzyme to assist in the metabo-
d. All of the above are correct
lism of nucleic and amino acids
b. Scavenges free radicals and acts as an antioxi- 36. Chloride:
dant
a. Aiding in the digestion and absorption of many
c. Involved in the formation of visual pigments nutrients
d. All of the above are correct b. Acting in concert with selenoproteins
c. Assisting growth, development, neurological
31. Vitamin K:
function, reproduction and immune function
a. Assists the blood clotting process
d. All of the above are correct
b. Develops collagen, an important structural
protein throughout the body 37. Iron:
c. Helps make up the electron transporter FAD a. Assisting the antioxidant enzymes of the mito-
d. All of the above are correct chondria
b. Derived from the sun
32. Calcium:
c. Helping to form hemoglobin and myoglobin
a. Forming teeth and bone and assisting in the transport and storage of
b. Only found in drinking water oxygen.
c. Helping to form hemoglobin and myoglobin d. All of the above are correct
and assisting in the transport and storage of
oxygen. 38. Zinc:
d. All of the above are correct a. Assisting growth, development, neurological
function, reproduction and immune function
33. Magnesium: b. Acting as a cofactor for enzymes involved with
a. Involved in 300 enzymatic reactions carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles
b. Preventing tooth decay c. Regulating extracellular fluid status, blood
volume, and blood pressure
c. Aiding in the digestion and absorption of many
nutrients d. All of the above are correct
d. All of the above are correct

pnc_quiz_19-0301 20
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

39. Copper: 42. Iodine:


a. Helping to form hemoglobin and myoglobin a. Food products from the sea tend to be rich in
and assisting in the transport and storage of this mineral; required to form T3 and T4
oxygen. b. Supplementing with high doses of zinc can
b. Supplementing with high doses of zinc can result in this minerals deficiency
result in this minerals deficiency c. Acting as a cofactor for enzymes involved with
c. 300 essential metabolic reactions rely on this carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles
mineral d. All of the above are correct
d. All of the above are correct
43. Manganese:
40. Chromium: a. Preventing tooth decay
a. 300 essential metabolic reactions rely on this b. Carbohydrate, amino acid, and cholesterol
mineral metabolism
b. Supports the effects of insulin c. Supplementing with high doses of zinc can
c. Acting in concert with selenoproteins result in this minerals deficiency
d. All of the above are correct d. All of the above are correct

41. Selenium: 44. Molybdenum:


a. Aiding in the digestion and absorption of many a. Helping to form hemoglobin and myoglobin
nutrients and assisting in the transport and storage of
b. Working with selenoproteins oxygen.

c. Food products from the sea tend to be rich in b. Maintaining an electrochemical concentration
this mineral – assists with production of T3 and gradient across cell membranes
T4 c. Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolism
d. All of the above are correct d. All of the above are correct

pnc_quiz_19-0301 21
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Unit 8
1. A 200-pound man carries about how 7. Which of the following can influence
many pounds of water? how much water we need to drink?
a. 5 pounds a. Climate
b. 20 pounds b. Physical activity demands
c. 50 pounds c. How much we sweat
d. 120 pounds d. All of the above are correct

2. Water-rich foods include raw fruits and 8. A safe general recommendation for daily
vegetables. fluid intake is about how much each
day?
a. True
a. 3L (12 cups)
b. False
b. 6L (24 cups)
3. Water helps to carry away waste prod- c. 9L (36 cups)
ucts from cells.
d. 1L (4 cups)
a. True
b. False 9. The various components of water loss
from the body include:
4. Water acts as a _____ , speeding up en- a. Sweating, respiration
zymatic interactions with other chemi-
b. Feces
cals.
c. Urine
a. Lubricant
d. All of the above are correct
b. Catalyst
c. Buffer 10. As little as a 1-2% reduction in body
d. None of the above are correct weight due to water loss can lead to per-
formance decrements during activity.
5. Water is necessary for _____ , which a. True
helps to _____ the body.
b. False
a. dehydrating, cool
b. sweating, heat 11. Sweating causes a loss of both water
and salts from the body, which can re-
c. sweating, cool
sult in what?
d. None of the above are correct
a. Dehydration
6. Foods higher in fat, along with many b. Overhydration
processed/refined carbohydrates tend c. Euhydration
to have a very _____ water content.
d. None of the above are correct
a. neutral
b. high
c. low

pnc_quiz_19-0301 22
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

12. What term describes having too much 17. Electrolytes are considered _____ _____
body water relative to sodium content? when placed in a solution and allow for
a. Dehydration adequate conduction of _____ charges.

b. Overhydration a. vitamins, negative

c. Hyponatremia b. ions, electrical

d. None of the above are correct c. proteins, no


d. None of the above are correct
13. To help prevent hyponatremia, a more
balanced intake of fluid and _____ is rec- 18. More concentrated rehydration solutions
ommended. will not only absorb slowly, they’ll likely
a. Creatine cause GI upset.

b. Electrolytes a. True

c. Phytochemicals b. False

d. All of the above are correct 19. For moderate-intensity activity last-
ing LONGER than 2 hours and/or high
14. Two hormones that play a critical role in intensity activity lasting LONGER than
body water and electrolyte balance are: 1 hour, in STEP 2, we recommend _____
a. Insulin and glucagon g carbohydrate + g protein (along with
electrolytes) dissolved in about 600ml
b. Testosterone and estrogen
water every _____ during activity.
c. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and aldosterone
a. 30-45g; 15g; hour
d. None of the above are correct
b. 100-110g; 50g; 30 minutes
15. Per gram of stored carbohydrate, be- c. 15-20g; 30g; 3 hours
tween 3 and 4 grams of water are also d. None of the above are correct
stored in the body.
a. True 20. Edema can be a sign of malnutrition
and/or restrictive dieting.
b. False
a. True
16. High _____ intake can encourage ad- b. False
ditional water in the body, and increase
blood volume.
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Vitamin D
d. All of the above are correct

pnc_quiz_19-0301 23
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Unit 9
1. Effective nutrition coaching has a lot 7. Appropriate regression might look like:
more to do with _____ and _____ than a. If a client can’t do a new habit consistently,
knowing the specifics of macronutri- make the habit easier to execute.
ents.
b. Introducing new tasks weekly.
a. fasting; carb cycling
c. Collecting data and smiling.
b. palm portion sizing; micronutrients
d. All of the above are correct
c. psychology; interpersonal skills
d. Supplements; fad diets 8. Rewarding behaviors, not outcomes
means:
2. The more you know _____ , the better a. Focusing on measurements first.
your coaching will be.
b. Improve your clients’ mastery of process, skills,
a. micronutrients and consistency.
b. calorie counting c. Build a strong support team.
c. you d. All of the above are correct
d. supplements
9. Much of what you’ll see in clients is sim-
3. Coaching may include: ply a normal reaction to being stressed.
a. Teaching a. True
b. Learning b. False
c. Directing
10. When it comes to stress, as a coach, you
d. All of the above can:
a. Help your clients deal with stress more effec-
4. One of our favorite definitions of a coach
tively and thoughtfully
is:
b. Help your clients set clear priorities
a. A coach is like a conductor of an orchestra.
c. Help your clients rebound quickly from setbacks
b. A coach is like a tour guide to a place where
you already live. d. All of the above are correct
c. A coach is like a president.
11. Mental skills include the following:
d. A coach is like a drill sergeant.
a. Going to the farmer’s market
5. Unconditional positive regard might b. Following the “inner compass”
look like: c. Learning about protein
a. You make everyone feel valued and welcome. d. All of the above are correct
b. You keep careful records.
12. All your clients need to know is: What
c. Be a good team member.
they should be doing, right now.
d. You have all the latest studies.
a. True
6. Client-centeredness and humility might b. False
look like:
a. Saying: “Tell me about what’s most important
to you here.”
b. Saying: “I have the answer.”
c. Saying: “You should eat more vegetables.”
d. All of the above are correct

pnc_quiz_19-0301 24
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Unit 10
1. You’re not the _____ or _____ telling your 7. One way to approach step 3 of the
clients what to do. You’re a guide and coaching process is to:
a facilitator, working with your clients a. Start with the end result and work backwards
to help them move forward with their
goals. b. Start with the beginning result and work back-
wards
a. expert; authority
c. Test circumference measures
b. trainer; coach
c. assistant; consultant 8. When it comes to step 4, always try to:
a. Do only one thing at a time
2. During step 1 of the coaching process,
you can gather data about: b. Do only five things at a time

a. Physiological indicators c. Think about what to do in the future

b. Psychological state and mindset 9. During step 4 of the coaching process,


c. Environment and lifestyle it’s important to make sure that the cli-
ent is completely confident about the
d. All of the above
next task, and ready, willing and able to
do it.
3. During step 1 of the coaching process,
you’ll likely be doing a lot of: a. True
a. Directing b. False
b. Telling
10. Step 5 of the coaching process is all
c. Active listening about:
a. Learning about the client’s goals
4. During step 2 of the coaching process, it
can be helpful to: b. Addressing any significant issues in the health
history
a. Know what matters most to the client right now
c. Observing and monitoring what happens
b. Give a meal plan
c. Teach about calories 11. During step 5 of the coaching process,
d. Give them supplements all clients do best when you are on
their case with frequent text messages,
5. During step 2 of the coaching process, emails, and/or phone calls.
aim to identify bright spots. a. True
a. True b. False
b. False
12. During step 6 of the coaching process,
6. Step 3 of the coaching process is mainly you’ll use outcome-based decision mak-
about: ing, which is:
a. Gathering data a. Observing how well your client did their as-
signed action, and deciding what to do next.
b. Creating an action plan and possible “next
steps” b. Deciding on a next action based on coach
preference.
c. Eliminating carbohydrates
c. Deciding on a next action based on client
preference.
d. Deciding on a next action based on the newest
scientific article.

pnc_quiz_19-0301 25
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

13. A very small, simple plan that a client 19. As a next action, you can suggest that
can do — and feel good about — every the client builds on what is already go-
day beats an awesome plan that a client ing well.
can’t do consistently. a. True
a. True b. False
b. False
20. When figuring out the right type of next
14. A good _____ helps you match your action:
coaching plan to what the client can ac- a. Go with what you tell everyone
tually understand, manage, and do.
b. Do whatever you prefer
a. meal plan
c. Ask the client to choose first
b. system for calorie counting
d. All of the above are correct
c. initial assessment
d. body fat calculations 21. What is “The Big Kahuna”?
a. The piece or action that the client feels is easiest
15. The Initial Assessment and Triage Ques- and least troublesome to change.
tionnaire covers:
b. The piece or action which, if altered, would
a. The client’s perspective yield massive payoffs.
b. Social factors c. The piece or action that doesn’t involve the
c. Health indicators and conditions client.
d. All of the above d. All of the above are correct.

16. The more _____ _____ , concrete and 22. Ambivalence is rare and if it is noticed,
well-defined a goal is, the more it can ignore it.
become _____ for a client. a. True
a. ambitious; optional b. False
b. specific; real
c. abstract; fake 23. When a client is ambivalent, you might
ask:
d. ambitious; real
a. What is good about not changing?
17. Outcome goals specify what actions b. Just make the change.
must be taken to get there. c. I do it, so can you.
a. True d. Anything as long as you’re yelling at them.
b. False

18. It’s essential to explore _____ and set


_____.
a. trade-offs; realistic expectations
b. macronutrients; calorie goals
c. high intensity intervals; personal records each
week
d. supplements; ambitious expectations

pnc_quiz_19-0301 26
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Unit 11
1. We divide clients into three nutritional 8. Clients must be able to _____ that they
levels based on: can do assigned tasks consistently.
a. Goals, knowledge, competence/skill, consistency a. explain
b. Body fat, strength, age b. discuss
c. Age, sport, body type c. demonstrate
d. none of the above are correct
2. Nutritional level is about the quality of
the process. 9. It’s possible to judge nutritional level
a. True from body composition alone.
b. False a. True
b. False
3. It’s important to always start at:
a. Level 1 10. Level 1 coaching is about:
b. Level 2 a. Making nutritional change do-able
c. Level 3 b. Creating a solid, repeatable, high-quality
process
d. Level 4
c. Ensuring ongoing success
4. Most clients never need to progress any d. All of the above are correct
further than Level 1.
a. True 11. Level 1 clients may struggle with:
b. False a. Water depletion before an event
b. Carb cycling rotation
5. We like two magic words, they are:
c. Eating too many processed foods
a. Eat beans
b. Show me 12. Level 2 and Level 3 approaches are
mostly about _____ and/or _____.
c. Work harder
a. health; longevity
d. Pretty please
b. skin; teeth
6. To figure out a client’s level, use a mix of c. looks; performance
_____ and _____ assessment.
a. specific; general 13. Level 2 and Level 3 behaviors can be-
come actively unhealthy.
b. objective; subjective
a. True
c. valid; invalid
b. False
7. When in doubt, _____.
14. Level 2 and Level 3 behaviors are usually
a. go backwards
_____.
b. go forwards
a. for life
c. stay the same
b. short-term strategies
c. perfect for beginners
d. for everybody

pnc_quiz_19-0301 27
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

15. For Level 2 eaters, a “next level” strategy 16. For Level 3 eaters, a “next level” strategy
may involve: may involve:
a. Not eating so many processed foods a. Following a very detailed, very specific meal
b. Being consistent plan

c. Adding recovery protocols b. Drinking more water


c. Appetite awareness

pnc_quiz_19-0301 28
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Unit 12
1. A Level 1 client might have the following 7. Consistent completion of a behavior can
characteristics: be a progress indicator.
a. Exercising less than (<) 6 hours a week a. True
b. None to moderate consistency b. False
c. Wants to achieve a normal, healthy and sus-
8. For clients eating too many processed
tainable body composition
foods, a possible strategy to help might
d. All of the above are correct include:
a. A strict meal plan
2. Most fundamentally, nutritional level is
about _____ and _____. b. Dietary displacement
a. body fat; performance c. Counting carbs
b. competence; consistency d. All of the above are correct
c. age; weight
9. For clients not eating enough minimally
d. theoretical knowledge; understanding processed whole foods, a possible strat-
egy to help might include:
3. There can be a lot of potential behavior
a. Helping them with cooking/food prep tech-
changes for Level 1 clients. Instead of
niques
getting overwhelmed, remember:
b. Carb cycling
a. Get very clear on what, exactly, your client
wants to do c. Intermittent fasting
b. Give them a meal plan first d. All of the above are correct
c. Start with calorie equations
10. Using Hand Size Portions of Nutrient
d. Begin with eliminating carbs Dense Foods can be useful because:
a. Hands are portable and scaled to the individual
4. Every task should move your client to-
wards their goals. b. It guarantees weight loss in one week
a. True c. Clients don’t have to pay attention to food
choices
b. False
11. For clients not drinking enough water, a
5. Don’t:
possible strategy to help might include:
a. “Should your client
a. Drinking more diet soda
b. Lecture, preach, or “information dump”
b. Have a “water trigger”
c. Try to “convince” or argue
c. Drinking more vitamin infused waters
d. All of the above are correct
d. All of the above are correct
6. A very small task, done consistently,
12. For clients eating too quickly and/or
helps Level 1 clients feel increasingly
mindlessly, a possible strategy to help
successful, confident and empowered.
might include:
a. True
a. Distraction-free eating
b. False
b. Noticing what affects eating speed
c. Doing something between bites
d. All of the above are correct

pnc_quiz_19-0301 29
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

13. For clients having trouble recognizing 18. For clients who have mindset, psychol-
hunger and fullness cues, a possible ogy, and life skill limitations, a possible
strategy to help might include: strategy to help might include:
a. Practicing noticing cues a. Counting fiber
b. Restricting foods b. Weekend and night-time overeating journal
c. Counting carbs c. Reading more nutrition media
d. All of the above are correct d. Counting calories and carbs

14. A “food and feelings journal” might help 19. When it comes to troubleshooting Level
clients who: 1, consider:
a. Don’t know how to grocery shop a. Meal plans, calorie counting, restricting carbs
b. Don’t know how to prepare vegetables b. Looking for what’s already working, reviewing
c. Use food to manage feelings/emotional eating progress indicators, working with plateaus

d. None of the above are correct c. A new calorie equation, carb cycling, intermit-
tent fasting
15. For clients with disordered eating, a pos- d. All of the above are correct
sible strategy to help might include:
a. Break the chain exercise 20. You met Roy in the case study. What
might you start with first when working
b. Referring out with him?
c. 2 crazy questions a. Sleep ritual
d. All of the above are correct b. Restricting carbs
c. Intermittent fasting
16. Why might clients struggle with recov-
ery?
21. You met Roy in the case study. What
a. They are surrounded by constant stimulation, might be a downside to using body
stressors, distractions, and demands composition measures at first?
b. Clients often don’t struggle with recovery a. All body composition measures would benefit
c. Lack of fiber Roy
d. None of the above are correct b. They may detract from consistency in behaviors
c. Problems with sleep hygiene
17. For clients who don’t have any food and
cooking skills, a possible strategy to help
might include:
a. Go-to meals
b. Sleep ritual
c. Restricting carbs
d. None of the above are correct

pnc_quiz_19-0301 30
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Unit 13
1. Trying to live at Level 2 or 3 may create: 7. If a client engages in Level 2 behaviors
too stringently and aggressively:
a. Serious disordered eating
a. Body fat can start to drop too low. Hormones
b. Mental health issues
and recovery can be disrupted.
c. Physical harm
b. Behaviors, thoughts, and feelings about food,
d. All of the above are correct eating, and training can become disordered.
c. Social relationships and other interests —
2. Before you progress to Level 2 with which we need for overall wellness and quality
someone, double check that your client of life — may suffer.
is practicing Level 1 strategies _____.
d. All of the above are correct
a. consistently, about 50% of the time
b. consistently, about 75% to 90% of the time 8. At Level 2, it’s important to track cli-
c. when they are on a diet ents’ _____ , _____ , and_____ indicators
closely.
d. none of the above are correct
a. body fat, girths, performance
3. Level 2 clients are those who: b. physical, psychological, social
a. Are motivated, dedicated, and willing to pay c. payments, protein intake, calories
Have mastered calorie counting and willpower d. None of the above are correct
b. Have mastered Level 1 strategies, have pro-
gressed as far as they can with Level 1 but need/ 9. If a client becomes lost in details, para-
want to go further, are psychologically stable lyzed, and/or over-anxious, would you
and emotionally mature enough to try more clear them for Level 2 eating?
advanced strategies
a. Yes
c. None of the above are correct
b. No
4. Typical training load for a Level 2 client
10. If a client does not use objective indica-
is:
tors appropriately or maturely, would
a. Less than 5 hours a week you clear them for Level 2 eating?
b. 6-10 hours a week a. Yes
c. 10-15 hours a week b. No
d. They would have just started training
11. If a client isn’t able to detach their own
5. Level 2 clients still have some limiting self-concept from food and eating,
factors, but most major roadblocks have would you clear them for Level 2 eating?
been cleared. a. Yes
a. True b. No
b. False
12. If a client is driven entirely by external
6. Level 2 approaches are mostly about factors (e.g., get a trophy, get approval
looks and/or performance. from others, etc.), would you clear them
for Level 2 eating?
a. True
a. Yes
b. False
b. No

pnc_quiz_19-0301 31
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

13. Food logs aren’t your friend when it 18. Body types are a proxy for thinking
comes to Level 2 eating. about possible differences in metabo-
a. True lism, activity types, and nutritional
needs.
b. False
a. True
14. The Phytonutrient Checklist can help: b. False
a. Improve food quality and variety
19. I types generally do best with more
b. Increase protein intake _____ in the diet.
c. Improve willpower a. protein
d. Increase meat intake b. fat
c. carbohydrates
15. Most athletes do best with a steady sup-
ply of _____ before, during, and/or after d. creatine
exercise.
a. Fat 20. V types generally do best on a _____
diet.
b. Protein
a. mixed
c. Carbohydrates
b. high carb
16. For moderate-intensity activity lasting c. low fat
longer than 2 hours and/or high- intensi- d. low carb
ty activity lasting longer than 1 hour (and
for those with multiple events in one 21. O types generally do best on a higher
day) we have six steps for individualizing _____ and _____ diet.
workout nutrition. Step 3 is:
a. carb, fat
a. Consume 30-45 g carb + 15 g protein + electro-
lytes (sodium and potassium) in 600 mL water b. fat, protein
every hour during activity c. fruit, supplement
b. Drink 20 ounces of juice d. carb, protein
c. Eat a nutrition bar with fiber
22. Carb cycling refers to eating more fat
d. All of the above are correct
only on Wednesdays.
17. Improving recovery protocols for Level 2 a. True
clients can include: b. False
a. More sleep, gentle yoga, reducing and/or elimi-
nating alcohol intake 23. What can help stave off metabolic
downregulation that often occurs with
b. Supplementing vitamin E, selenium, and inter-
chronic, ongoing energy deficit?
val cardio
a. A more restrictive diet
c. Increasing daily caffeine intake
b. Caffeine
d. All of the above are correct
c. Cycling calorie intake
d. All of the above are correct

pnc_quiz_19-0301 32
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

24. It can be useful to ask yourself the 27. When troubleshooting Level 2, it’s im-
following question when considering portant to consider:
supplements for Level 2 clients: a. Realistic expectations
a. What objective, peer-reviewed research b. Guidelines vs. needs
demonstrates that this supplement does what
manufacturers say it can do — without causing c. What to do afterwards
harm? d. All of the above are correct
b. Has it worked for me?
28. You met Shannon in the case study. Are
c. How much money will I make selling it?
her goals realistic for the given time-
d. What high profile athlete endorses it? frame?
a. Yes
25. For all supplement recommendations:
b. No
a. Review the evidence supporting their use
b. Choose only trusted brands and manufacturers 29. You met Shannon in the case study.
that have been independently tested for quality What would you do after the 12 weeks
c. If your client is an athlete, review all supple- are over?
ment guidelines for their sport federation a. Restrict calories further
d. All of the above are correct b. Start more aggressive carb cycling
c. Encourage her to focus on Level 1 strategies
26. Three goals for competition day nutri-
tion:
a. Do what they’ve practiced; supply the body with
energy for the competition; avoid foods that
make them uncomfortable
b. Try something new; always include supple-
ments; work hard
c. Do what they’ve practiced; experiment with
new supplements; win
d. Experiment with new supplements; supply the
body with energy for the competition; win

pnc_quiz_19-0301 33
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Unit 14
1. Level 3 nutrition is a foreign land that 7. Because of the distinctive and potential-
most clients don’t visit... and never ly dangerous limiting factors for Level 3,
should. we recommend that you have a strong
referral network that includes:
a. True
a. People at your facility
b. False
b. Athletes
2. Level 3 strategies are for the rare, nutri- c. Sports medicine doctors, massage therapists,
tionally experienced people with spe- pharmacists, RDs, NDs, counselors
cific, aggressive goals such as:
d. None of the above are correct
a. Competing in a physique contest, elite competi-
tion 8. Before starting a Level 3 project, estab-
b. Feeling better, getting healthy lish a clear set of _____ and _____ tech-
niques.
c. Losing a few pounds, moving well
a. rules, meditation
3. Typical training load for Level 3 clients b. metrics, monitoring
will be:
c. boundaries, listening
a. <10 hours a week
d. metrics, unrealistic goals
b. 10-15 hours a week
c. 15-20 hours a week or more 9. For the following client, give the exact
intake details (calories and macronutri-
d. They would have just started training
ent split) that you might recommend:
4. If a client engages in Level 3 behaviors 160 lb (73 kg), 20-year-old female rugby
too stringently and aggressively: athlete on national team, 23% body fat
a. Body fat can start to drop too low. Hormones with O (endomorphic) type body, looking
and recovery can be disrupted to improve on-field performance and get
b. Behaviors, thoughts, and feelings about food, to 19% body fat.
eating, and training can become disordered. a. 2,240 - 2,560 kcal. 196-224 g protein. 140-160 g
c. Social relationships and other interests — carbs. 100-114 g fat.
which we need for overall wellness and quality b. 2,560 - 2,880 kcal. 224-252 g protein. 160-180 g
of life — may suffer. carbs. 114-128 g fat.
d. All of the above are correct c. 1,022 - 1,168 kcal. 89-102 g protein. 64-73 g
carbs. 45-52 g fat.
5. Level 3 strategies are usually short-term d. 2,240 - 2,560 kcal. 140-160 g protein. 308-352 g
strategies. carbs. 50-57 g fat.
a. True
b. False 10. Infrequent, large re-feeds can be useful
for a client who:
6. Coaches who help Level 3 clients must a. Has fantastic dietary discipline, can maintain
be: a consistent rate of weight loss without plateau,
can mentally handle lower-carbohydrate or
a. Sane, balanced, calm, cool, highly organized,
lower calorie diets
interested in details/numbers, willing to play
the long game b. Is prone to rebound eating
b. Highly credentialed c. Has poor mental tolerance
c. Also competing d. No client should ever use re-feeds
d. A former elite athlete
pnc_quiz_19-0301 34
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

11. Frequent, moderate re-feeds include: 16. Tinkering with body hydration and
a. Re-feeds every month electrolytes is a big deal, with potentially
fatal consequences.
b. Re-feeds every three or four days
a. True
c. Re-feeds every three months
b. False
d. Re-feeds every three or four weeks
17. If you are working with a competitive
12. Strategic calorie cycling and carbohy- athlete, make absolutely sure that any
drate cycling for fat loss can work well supplement you give or recommend will
for: not make them fail a _____.
a. Individuals who are already fairly lean and in a. personal record
whom the body will fight every last bit of fat
loss. b. drug test

b. Individuals who aren’t lean and in whom the c. memory test


body won’t fight every last bit of fat loss d. nutrition test
c. Individuals who aren’t lean or consistent in
their habits, but are willing to work really hard 18. Communicating clearly and specifically
can be useful for Level 3 clients who
d. None of the above are correct have:

13. The idea behind strategic carbohydrate a. Good initial progress


and calorie cycling for muscle gain is: b. Poor initial progress
a. To gain more muscle than fat during overfeed- c. Expected initial progress
ing/muscle building phases.
b. To gain more fat than muscle during overfeed- 19. For a client who initially made good
ing/muscle building phases. progress toward their goal of gaining
lean mass and has hit a plateau:
c. To lose fat as the first priority.
a. Make sure a well-planned and intense strength
d. To impress new clients with your knowledge. training program is being executed, then in-
crease daily calorie intake by about 250 kcal.
14. When it comes to meal frequency, the
only “rule” is: b. Give them a sports supplement that buffers acid

a. Using outcome-based decision making c. Experiment with fat cycling

b. Three meals per day d. Have them eat more ice cream and take more
naps
c. Eight meals per day
d. None of the above are correct 20. If a client gets to their goals and wants
to change their body in some other way,
15. Very high carbohydrate diets can be a their program doesn’t need to reflect
short-term strategy for: this.
a. Endomorphic power athletes a. True
b. Yogis b. False
c. Ectomorphic athletes preparing for a long-
duration competition
d. No one

pnc_quiz_19-0301 35
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Unit 15
1. There is a single cause of disordered eat- 7. Some ways in which to help someone
ing. with suspected food addiction include:
a. True a. Change the availability and environment
b. False b. Keep records and look for patterns
c. Eat slowly and mindfully
2. Disordered eating behaviors and mind-
d. All of the above are correct
set can include:
a. Restriction and control 8. Normal eating behaviors often include:
b. Routines and rules a. Eating when physically hungry
c. Compensation and bargaining b. Feeling powerless to cravings
d. All of the above are correct c. Stopping a meal only after a certain number of
calories have been consumed
3. Athletes in “leanness”, weight-con-
d. All of the above are correct
trolled, and body-conscious sports (e.g.,
gymnastics, bodybuilding, swimming,
boxing, MMA, figure skating, dance, etc.) 9. In most industrialized countries, on aver-
are at particular risk of developing disor- age, about _____ of adults drink alcohol.
dered eating. a. 10%
a. True b. 50%
b. False c. 70%
d. 100%
4. While disordered eating can manifest in
many ways, and in response to a host of 10. Problem drinking is characterized by
thoughts and feelings, one critical factor things like:
is often involved: _____.
a. Drinking despite harm
a. grades in school
b. Withdrawal symptoms
b. food preference
c. Salience
c. dieting
d. All of the above are correct
d. All of the above are correct
11. A 70 kg adult male will be legally drunk
5. Some of the physiological effects of re- after four drinks in one hour.
striction may include:
a. True
a. Anemia, nutrient deficiencies, and bone loss
b. False
b. High blood sugar, nutrient excess, abnormal
bone growth
12. The _____ immune system develops
c. Oily skin when we’re young.
d. Increased red blood cells, and nutrient excesses a. innate
b. adaptive
6. Creating strict food rules and using
language such as “bad foods” is often c. neural
helpful for clients mindset around food/ d. natural killer
eating.
a. True
b. False

pnc_quiz_19-0301 36
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

13. Chronic high intensity or long duration 19. Pregnancy is a period of _____.
exercise sessions can interfere with im- a. catabolism homeostasis
mune function.
b. anabolism
a. True
b. False 20. Women often require an additional
_____ kcals per day while pregnant.
14. _____ may help people recover faster a. 50-75
once they get sick.
b. 300-500
a. Overeating
c. 1000-2000
b. Probiotics
c. Prebiotics 21. While pregnant, women should avoid:
d. None of the above are correct a. Orange vegetables
b. More than 6 ounces of fish per week
15. After an injury, why is there often swell-
ing? c. Nuts/seeds
a. There isn’t d. Carbohydrates
b. It’s due to blood sugar
22. PCOS is characterized by:
c. Fluid seeps through damaged vessels into
a. Higher levels of androgens, poor glucose con-
injured tissues
trol, insulin resistance, high insulin
d. Increased blood pressure
b. Lower levels of androgens, good glucose control,
insulin sensitivity, low insulin
16. We want to _____ inflammation, not
_____ it. c. Lower levels of androgens, poor glucose control,
insulin resistance, high insulin
a. eliminate, increase
d. Higher levels of androgens, good glucose con-
b. manage, eliminate trol, insulin sensitivity, low insulin
c. increase, decrease
d. None of the above are correct 23. If the hypothalamus detects excess
_____ , it will shut down production of
17. During the process of injury recovery, sex hormones.
good nutrition has three purposes: a. carotenoids
a. manage inflammation, support immune func- b. meditation
tion, support repair c. stress
b. eliminate inflammation, minimize immune d. color
function, negate repair
c. nutrition doesn’t play a role in injury recovery 24. Our ancestry may affect our nutritional
d. eliminate inflammation, support immune func- programming.
tion, support repair a. True
b. False
18. Biological sex is the configuration of
structures, chromosomes, hormones,
etc. that characterize males and females.
a. True
b. False

pnc_quiz_19-0301 37
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

25. Some steps a parent can take during the 30. It’s estimated that between _____ of the
first year of life to ensure the child has a population has a true food allergy.
healthful start: a. 3-8%
a. Breastfeeding for the first six months of life (if b. 42-56%
possible)
c. 20-22%
b. Introducing solid foods between 4 and 6 months
of age d. more than 90%
c. Introduce one new food at a time
31. Some of the reasons people often
d. All of the above are correct choose to eat a plant-based diet include:
a. Health/longevity
26. Kids tend to be intuitive eaters. But this
ability to self-regulate can be messed up b. Animal welfare
by things like: c. Environmentalism/sustainability
a. Highly processed foods d. All of the above are correct
b. Restricting foods
32. Sustainable eating and agriculture is the
c. Labeling some foods as “bad”
same idea: Things we can do, forever.
d. All of the above are correct Not trading short-term results for long-
term damage.
27. Teenagers can and should follow the a. True
basic Level 1 habits as best as possible.
b. False
a. True
b. False 33. Some ways to support sustainable agri-
culture/eating include:
28. No matter what food a person tolerates, a. Cut down on food and packaging waste
or doesn’t, _____ and _____ are the over-
arching goals. b. Supporting small farms
a. disassociation, obsession c. Consider inputs, outputs, and footprints
b. rigidity, control d. All of the above are correct
c. awareness, connection
d. dissociation, connection

29. True food allergies have been recorded


with only 3 foods.
a. True
b. False

pnc_quiz_19-0301 38
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Unit 16
1. Some benefits of the individual model 5. It can be useful with the small group
include: model to meet:
a. Easy to get started a. Whenever the clients want to
b. Keeps the scale small and manageable b. Regularly at appointed times for a set number
of weeks
c. Simple integration with existing services
c. Whenever the coach wants to
d. All of the above are correct
d. Randomly
2. An hour of coaching under the individu-
al model might look like this: 6. Benefits to the small group model in-
clude:
a. Exercise for 55 minutes, 5-minute nutrition
lesson a. Return on investment
b. Tell them what to eat b. Simple integration with existing services
c. Start with an assessment, review check-in c. Keeps the scale small and manageable
questions, look back/ahead, establish the next d. No benefits
practice to work on, look ahead
d. Intersperse nutritional lesson between sets of 7. For the transformation contest model,
exercise when the client is distracted getting a minimum of _____ people is
recommended.
3. JB says: “If it’s something I can explain a. 20
within one minute, I’ll answer it. But if
the question requires a more in-depth b. 100
answer or a longer conversation, I’ll refer c. 500
them to another suitable resource.” This d. 10
is known as the:
a. 1-minute rule 8. Benefits to the transformation model
b. 5-minute rule include:

c. 5th Commandment of ISSA a. Simple integration with existing services

d. 4th Commandment of ISSA b. Keeps the scale small and manageable


c. Creates urgency
4. In the small group model, a class size be- d. All of the above are correct
tween _____ is ideal.
a. 2-4 9. The corporate model is basically:
b. 50-60 a. Offering nutrition coaching at schools
c. 5-25 b. Offering nutrition coaching for sports teams
d. 1-2 c. Offering nutrition coaching to a workplace
d. Offering nutrition coaching at home

10. The benefits of the corporate model


include:
a. Broader audience
b. Simple integration with existing services
c. Creates urgency
d. Keeps the scale small and manageable

pnc_quiz_19-0301 39
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

11. For the online coaching model, here are 17. The law of reciprocity:
the basic steps: a. When someone gives us a gift or does us a favor,
a. Pick a contest goal, pick a prize, pick a form of we try to repay them.
measurement b. When someone gives us a gift or does us a favor,
b. Connect with a business, set up meetings with we don’t try to repay them.
the employees, measure outcomes c. When someone doesn’t give us a gift or do us a
c. Choose how many clients you want, choose favor, we try to repay them.
your specialty, assess your prospects in advance, d. All of the above are correct
create 3-4 phases of programming for each
client type, set appointed times for compliance
18. One of the very best ways to find new
check-ins
clients is to ask for _____.
12. Benefits of the online coaching model a. Marketing advice
include: b. Referrals
a. More flexibility c. A loan
b. You reach the people who need you
19. The best commitment you can get from
c. Client adherence can actually be better
a client is most likely:
d. All of the above are correct
a. 6 weeks
13. When you outsource nutrition coaching, b. 3 months
this is known as the: c. 6 months
a. Partnership model d. 12 months
b. Corporate model
20. Keep nutrition coaching and fitness
c. Small group model
coaching blended together.
14. Benefits of the partnership model in- a. True
clude: b. False
a. Client adherence can actually be better
21. Less information means…
b. Simple integration with existing services
a. Clients get just the most meaningful, pertinent
c. You keep it simple
information they need right now
15. To market yourself more effectively, b. Clients will get caught up in information-
answer the question “What do you do?” overload
by focusing on the people you help, and c. You are trying to make more money from
the value you bring them. clients
a. True d. You don’t know enough
b. False

16. To succeed at internet marketing you


must find your _____.
a. Domain name
b. Tribe
c. Marketing manager

pnc_quiz_19-0301 40
Professional Nutrition Coach Course Quizzes

Unit 17
1. Some ways we encourage a coach to 6. Peer-reviewed research includes things
find the middle ground when it comes like magazines, newspapers, and blogs.
to continuing education: a. True
a. Devote entire life to studying, eliminate any b. False
social ties, live near a fitness center
b. Build a breadth of training and perspective, 7. A couple useful research reviews to con-
have a comfortable balance between profession- sider include:
al and non-professional pursuits, continually a. Men’s Fitness, Women’s Fitness
challenge yourself with new ideas and concepts
b. Alan Aragon Research Review, Examine.com
c. Focus on non-professional pursuits, earn Research Digest
continuing education credits at the last minute,
stick to original beliefs in nutrition c. MSNBC Health

d. Quit your job and get a doctorate in nutrition d. Food Babe

2. When you are getting ready to pursue 8. Some of our favorite sites for the latest
continuing education, start with _____. on supplements include:

a. why a. Examine.com

b. how b. ConsumerLab.com

c. what c. Labdoor.com

d. who d. All of the above are correct

3. The following skills are important when 9. Feedback:


considering how you best learn: a. Makes us better
a. Reading skills b. Is constructive
b. Writing skills c. Is information about how to improve
c. Research skills d. All of the above are correct
d. All of the above are correct
10. Giving and taking feedback is some-
4. Just as with athletic skills, we can all im- thing you are born with.
prove with training and repetition. a. True
a. True b. False
b. False
11. Key performance indicators come into
5. Examples of formal education include: play when:

a. Universities, colleges, professional institutions a. You are trying to network

b. General interest education, Adult community b. You are taking stock of how your practice is
education programs developing

c. Self-study, tutoring c. You are preparing for a podcast interview

d. Reading blogs d. None of the above are correct

pnc_quiz_19-0301 41
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ISSA, Attn: Quiz Processing, Carpinteria, CA 93013 or
complete your quizzes at issatrainer.com

pnc_quiz_19-0301

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PNC Unit 12 Quiz Answer Form
1

3
Take it easy. Take it online! 4
Skip the trip to the post office and take your quiz at
ISSAtrainer.com 5

9
Professional Nutrition Coach Unit 12 Quiz
Quiz number 10

11

Name 12

13

Address 14

15

City State ZIP 16

17

Email 18

19

20

21

Submit your quiz answers by mail to:


ISSA, Attn: Quiz Processing, Carpinteria, CA 93013 or
complete your quizzes at issatrainer.com

pnc_quiz_19-0301

Office Use Only. Please do not write in gray boxes.

Date received AK/Exam issued

Date filed Entered by


PNC Unit 13 Quiz Answer Form
1

3
Take it easy. Take it online! 4
Skip the trip to the post office and take your quiz at
ISSAtrainer.com 5

9
Professional Nutrition Coach Unit 13 Quiz
Quiz number 10

11

Name 12

13

Address 14

15

City State ZIP 16

17

Email 18

19

20

21

22
Submit your quiz answers by mail to: 23
ISSA, Attn: Quiz Processing, Carpinteria, CA 93013 or
complete your quizzes at issatrainer.com 24

25

26

27

28

29

pnc_quiz_19-0301

Office Use Only. Please do not write in gray boxes.

Date received AK/Exam issued

Date filed Entered by


PNC Unit 14 Quiz Answer Form
1

3
Take it easy. Take it online! 4
Skip the trip to the post office and take your quiz at
ISSAtrainer.com 5

9
Professional Nutrition Coach Unit 14 Quiz
Quiz number 10

11

Name 12

13

Address 14

15

City State ZIP 16

17

Email 18

19

20

Submit your quiz answers by mail to:


ISSA, Attn: Quiz Processing, Carpinteria, CA 93013 or
complete your quizzes at issatrainer.com

pnc_quiz_19-0301

Office Use Only. Please do not write in gray boxes.

Date received AK/Exam issued

Date filed Entered by


PNC Unit 15 Quiz Answer Form
1

3
Take it easy. Take it online! 4
Skip the trip to the post office and take your quiz at
ISSAtrainer.com 5

9
Professional Nutrition Coach Unit 15 Quiz
Quiz number 10

11

Name 12

13

Address 14

15

City State ZIP 16

17

Email 18

19

20

21

22
Submit your quiz answers by mail to: 23
ISSA, Attn: Quiz Processing, Carpinteria, CA 93013 or
complete your quizzes at issatrainer.com 24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31
pnc_quiz_19-0301
32
Office Use Only. Please do not write in gray boxes.
33
Date received AK/Exam issued

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PNC Unit 16 Quiz Answer Form
1

3
Take it easy. Take it online! 4
Skip the trip to the post office and take your quiz at
ISSAtrainer.com 5

9
Professional Nutrition Coach Unit 16 Quiz
Quiz number 10

11

Name 12

13

Address 14

15

City State ZIP 16

17

Email 18

19

20

21

Submit your quiz answers by mail to:


ISSA, Attn: Quiz Processing, Carpinteria, CA 93013 or
complete your quizzes at issatrainer.com

pnc_quiz_19-0301

Office Use Only. Please do not write in gray boxes.

Date received AK/Exam issued

Date filed Entered by


PNC Unit 17 Quiz Answer Form
1

3
Take it easy. Take it online! 4
Skip the trip to the post office and take your quiz at
ISSAtrainer.com 5

9
Professional Nutrition Coach Unit 17 Quiz
Quiz number 10

11

Name

Address

City State ZIP

Email

Submit your quiz answers by mail to:


ISSA, Attn: Quiz Processing, Carpinteria, CA 93013 or
complete your quizzes at issatrainer.com

pnc_quiz_19-0301

Office Use Only. Please do not write in gray boxes.

Date received AK/Exam issued

Date filed Entered by

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