Lesson 2- The Muscular System

Objectives: At the end of this lesson, the learners are expected to:
Knowledge : identify the parts and functions of muscular system;
Skills : compare the three types of muscles according to their movement,
and location
Affective : enumerate healthful habits that promote proper functioning of
muscular system.
Valuing : Learn to relax after strenuous activity.

Discussions

You have learned that the skeletal system is

the framework of the body. However, it cannot give
shape to the body or help the body to move without the
muscular system.

The muscles give the body shape and mass.

They support the skeleton and keep it steady. They are
also responsible for body movement. Muscles enable you to stand, walk, run and
dance. There are 640 muscles in the human body which are responsible for the
different types of movements. There are muscles that draw the body inwards and
outwards. There are other muscles that raises parts of the body, while others
lower it. There are long and short muscles, as well as big and smaller muscles.

Kinds of Muscles

There are three different kinds of muscles. Skeletal, smooth and cardiac
muscles. Though muscles are of different kinds, they share common
characteristics. They contract and become short. They can relax and return to its
original form after the contraction.
 Types of Movement Location
Muscles
Skeletal Voluntary – they move Arms, legs, chest,
Muscles when they are consciously abdomen, face and
controlled. neck
Smooth Involuntary-they move or Found in the walls of
muscles work automatically. You blood vessels, walls
cannot consciously control of the internal organs
the action of smooth such as esophagus
muscles. and stomach
Cardiac Muscle Involuntary-they move Found only in the
rhythmically by contracting heart.
and relaxing alternately to
generate force and pump
blood.

Healthful Habits that Promote Proper Functioning of the Muscular

System
Your body has bones and muscles that work together with the help of the
joints, ligaments, and tendons. Proper care of muscles should be practiced.
 Eat a balanced diet - Whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and lean protein are
needed to keep your muscular system healthy.
 Exercise - Do 30 minutes cardiovascular exercise a day. Swimming,
running, dancing and aerobics increase blood circulation, allowing efficient
delivery of nutrients.
 Rest -Muscles should be relaxed after hard work or a strenuous activity to
regain strength.
 Maintain good posture -Good posture prevents back problems and help
our muscles work properly.
 This time, we will check how far you understand our
lesson. You will answer the different tests below to gauge
your learning. Answer the tests properly by following the
instructions given.

Assessment 1
A. Read each question. Choose the letter of the best answer by encircling it.
1. Which of the following is a skeletal muscle?
a. muscle of the diaphragm
b. muscle of the lungs
c. muscle of the stomach
d. muscle of the thigh

2. How does a muscle pull a bone?

a. The muscle expands
b. The muscle contracts.
c. The muscle twists.
d. The muscle flattens out.

3. Which of these organs has voluntary muscles?

a. arms
b. esophagus
c. heart
d. stomach

4. What happens to the muscles when they are not often used?
a. they become toned.
b. They become strong.
c. They become weak.
d. They become big.

5. Which type of muscle is involved in the beating of heart?

a. smooth muscles
b. cardiac muscles
c. skeletal muscles
d. all muscles

6. Which activity is made possible by smooth muscles?

a. blinking
b. running
c. digesting
d. writing

B. Identify the kind of muscle that is involved in the given activity. Choose the
correct letter.

a. Skeletal muscles b. Smooth muscles c. cardiac muscles

_________ 1. Digestion of food

_________ 2. Blinking of the eye
__________3. Writing
__________4. breathing
__________ 5. Beating of the heart
Assessment 2
Compare the types of muscles according to their movement and location by
filling in the table below. Choose you answers form the box below.

Voluntary movement arms heart

Involuntary movement face stomach
Walls of intestines walls of blood vessels
Bladder esophagus leg neck

Types of Muscles Location Movement

Skeletal muscles 1.
2.
3. 1.
4.

Smooth muscles
1.
2. 1.
3.
4.
Cardiac muscles
1. 1.

Assessment 3
Enumerate at least three different healthful habits that promote proper
functioning of the muscular system.
1. ______________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________
Assessment 4
Given here are the different situations that may be applicable in your life.
Enhance your numeracy and literacy skills by answering or solving the following
situations or problems.

Enhancing Numeracy Skill

Situation 1

One night, you observed that your brother loves to play Mobile Legends or Call of
Duty mobile games. You check the clock and realize that the time is already
11:30 late at night. As what you learn, your body needs eight hours of sleep to
function its work properly. What time should your brother wake up if your brother
sleeps at 11:50 late in the evening? Show your solution.

Enhancing Literacy Skill

Situation 2

Your mother or father are very hardworking people. Some of their muscles are
aching because they usually do some strenuous activities in their work to put
some food on your table. Sometimes, they do not have time to unwind for a while
to relax themselves even they get tired.

With the given situation, you write a simple letter valuing relaxation or rest to
your mother or father. Use the simple template below.

__________________
(Date)

___________________
___________________
___________________
(Address)

Dear __________________,