Anatomy & Physiology - Laboratory

STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET BS NURSING / FIRST YEAR

Session # 17

LESSON TITLE: MUSCULAR SYSTEM (Part 1) Materials:

Pen and notebook
LEARNING TARGETS:
Reference:
Upon completion of this lesson, you can:
1. Define the functions of muscular system; and, VanPutte, C., Regan, J., & Russo, A. (2019). Seeley’s
2. Explain the four functional properties of muscle tissue. essentials of anatomy & physiology (10th ed.). New
York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
For this activity you will take a review about your knowledge on the different types of joints. Identify the type of joints being asked.
Write your answers on the space provided below.

Synovial Joints 1. Can be classified as plane, saddle, pivot, hinge and ball-and-socket
Fibrous Joints 2. Allows little or no movement
Cartilaginous Joints 3. Exhibit slight movement
Fibrous Joints 4. Consists of bones connected by fibrous connective tissue
Synovial Joints 5. Highly movable joints

MAIN LESSON
You will study and read their book, if available, about this lesson.

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Functions of the Muscular System

The muscular system produces body movement, maintains posture, causes respiration, produces body heat, performs movements
involved in communication, constricts organs and vessels, and pumps blood.

○ Movement of body
■ Contraction of skeletal muscles is responsible for the overall movements of body
○ Posture
■ Skeletal muscles constantly maintain tone
○ Respiration
■ Muscles of thorax carry out movements for respiration
○ Body Heat Production
■ Skeletal muscles contract to give off heat as a by-product
○ Communication
■ Involved in all aspects of communications like speaking and writing
○ Constriction of Organs & Vessels
■ Contraction of smooth muscle within walls of internal organs causes them to constrict
○ Contraction of Heart
■ Contraction of cardiac muscle causes heart to beat

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Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle:

SKELETAL MUSCLE SMOOTH MUSCLE CARDIAC MUSCLE

Walls of hollow organs, blood

Location Attached to bones vessels, and glands Heart

Appearance

Cell Shape Long, cylindrical Spindle-shaped Branched, cylindrical

Multiple, peripherally
Nucleus Single, centrally located Single, centrally located
located
Special Gap junctions join some
Intercellular smooth muscle cells together Intercalated disks
Striations Yes No Yes
Auto-rhythmic No Yes Yes
Control Voluntary Involuntary Involuntary
Move food through digestive tract;
empty urinary bladder, regulate Contract heart to pump
Function Move the whole body
blood vessel diameter, blood through the body
contract many gland ducts

FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

Skeletal muscle has contractility, excitability, extensibility, and elasticity.

Contractility - ability of muscle to shorten forcefully, or contract. Skeletal

muscle contraction - causes the bone to move.
Smooth muscle or cardiac muscle increases pressure inside the organ it surrounds, such as the intestine or heart.

Excitability - is the capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus.

Skeletal muscle - stimulus to contract is from nerves that we consciously control.
Smooth and cardiac muscle fibers - contract spontaneously, but also receive involuntary neural signal and hormonal signals
to modulate force.

Extensibility - muscle can be stretched beyond its normal resting length and still be able to contract.

Elasticity - ability to recoil to its original resting length after it has been stretched.

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This will be recorded as your quiz. One (1) point will be given to the correct
answer and another one (1) point for the correct ratio. Superimpositions or erasures in your answer/ratio is not allowed.

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Identify the following function of the muscular system.

Posture 1. It helps in maintaining the tone of the body.

Respiration 2. This function of the muscular system is to where breathing takes place.
Contraction of Heart 3. Maintaining the circulatory rate of the body is in what function?
Body Heat Production 4. This function helps in regulation of normal body temperature.
Communication 5. This function helps to convey messages either written or orally.

True or False
True 1. When muscles contract, heat is given off as a by-product.
True 2. Contraction of skeletal muscle is responsible for overall movements.
True 3. Contractibility is the ability to shorten due to a stimulus.
True 4. Striated muscle responds to commands regulated by will.
True 5. Non striated muscle respond automatically to control various body functions

RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY
The instructor will now provide you the rationalization to these questions. You can now ask questions and debate among yourselves.
Write the correct answers beside the answer sheet presented in the CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING part. Make sure to use another
pen color (preferably red ink) for easy distinction.

LESSON WRAP-UP
You will now mark (encircle) the session you have finished today in the tracker below. This is simply a visual to help you track how
much work you have accomplished and how much work there is left to do.

You are done with the session! Let’s track your progress.

AL STRATEGY: SUCCESS CRITERIA

You will write 3 or more statements (“I can" statements) based on the learning targets stated above. This will assess your ability to
familiarize and master this session’s topic.

1. I can differentiate the 3 different types of muscles

2. I can describe the functional properties of muscle tissue.

3. I can enumerate and define the functions of the muscular system.

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