APPLICATIONS OF BIOGAS SYSTEMS

Sabaragamuwa University
Faculty of Applied Sciences
BSc (Special) in Environmental Science and Natural Resources Management
Energy Resources Management (ESNRM 32202)
Module 3: Energy Exploration

July 21, 2020

 WASTE - GARBAGE ?
garnetnews.com

Who Generate ? Occupants ! You & I … ???

ENERGY

ENERGY
latimes.com
European Space Agency, ESA, Mar 20, 2019
Climate change comes home to Sri Lankans
theeditorialcartoons.com
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
‘Development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs’
(Our Common Future - Brundtland Report)

Earth we live is borrowed from our

children we’ve not inherited it from our
parents !!!
(Chief Seattle)
(twitter.com/visittirana/status/669800284542124032)
NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS (NDCs)
• Base year 2010 as per BaU
• Readiness Phase 2017-2019
• Implementation 2020-2030
• Mitigation, Adaptation, Loss & Damage
(Warsaw Int’l Mechanism), Means of
Implementation (Finance, Technology,
Capacity)

GHG Reduction Commitments

• ~200,000 Gg (2020 - 2030)
• 10% Transport, Industry, Waste, Forestry
climatechange.lk (3% Unconditional)
• Energy 20% (4% Unconditional)
BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY

MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS
PER CAPITA WASTE GENERATION

kg per person per

day
Rural 0.4
Urban 0.6
Municipal 0.75
Colombo 0.8
ft.lk/columns/Zero-waste-a-wish-come-true/4-688198
 Organic Waste
61.8%

(Liyanage et al, 2015) curbyourimpact.com

WHAT WE PEOPLE CAN DO

boroondara.vic.gov.au
TECHNICAL OPTIONS

ars.els-cdn.com
WASTE to WHAT?
PLEASE SEGGEREGATE WASTE

LANDFILL GAS
 COMMON ORGAIC MATTER
• Kitchen / Canteen Waste
• Sewerage (Toilets)
• Garden Waste
• Garbage (Municipal)
• Industrial (Fruit, fish)
• Farms (Livestock / Agri)
• Water Hyacinth / Salvinia
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BENEFITS OF BIOGAS SYSTEMS
• Environmental (Waste Management, GHG Emission
Reduction)
• Agricultural
• Energy
• Economic
• Social

wikiart.org
 BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY IN THE
NATIONAL CONTEXT
o Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
o Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
oStatus of Biogas Technology in Sri Lanka (In Retrospect)
oOpportunities & Challenges (In Prospect)
 BIOGAS AND SDGs UNIVERSAL CALL

Action to end poverty, protect planet, ensure all enjoy

peace & prosperity, leaving no one behind

UNIVERSALITY
INTEGRATION
TRANSFORMATION

20
 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
Energy that meet needs of present generations without compromising
ability of future generations to meet their own energy needs
• Energy Modesty (Lifestyles)
• Energy Conservation
• Energy Efficiency
• Renewable Energy
• Energy Storage - Stocking

sustainabilityenergy.wordpress.com
 BIOGAS
A mixture of gases released when organic matter is fermented
under anaerobic and some other conditions

An Organic Waste Management Technology !!!

 OTHER FAMILIAR GASES
• LPG
• Natural Gas
• CNG
• LNG
• Shale Gas (mudstones)
• LFG (Landfill Gas)
BIOGAS - SOURCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

slideshare.net/laurikitikis
25
 ENERGY APPLICATIONS OF BIOGAS
• Thermal Applications
• Illumination (Lighting)
• Engine Applications (Motive)
• Power Generation (Electrical)
 as

Renewable Energy
Biogas is a combustible gas. Can use for
• Cooking
• Lighting
• Refrigeration
• Electricity
• Water Pumping
• Vehicles
• Ironing / Space Heating / Incubators

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 Biogas for Cooking
• Convert LP Gas cookers to work with
biogas
• Nipple to have larger diameter (CH4
content in biogas is about 2/3)
• Safer than LP (Explosion, weight)
• Clean regularly

28
Biogas in Lighting
Biogas mantle
lamp

Pertomax lamp
converted to
work with biogas

29
Biogas for Electricity
• Biogas generators
• Duel fuel generators
• Convert diesel / petrol
generators to work with biogas
• Scrub H2S to reduce corrosion of
engine parts
• Scrub CO2 to reduce efficiency
drops

30
Biogas in Vehicles
.

environmentjournal.online

31
Biogas for Water Pumping

32
Biogas Systems
• Domestic
• Institutional
• Farm
• Industrial
• Community
• Centralised

33
33
Biogas Systems - Domestic
• Individual (Spacious)
• Individual (Urban)
• Flats / Condominiums
• Housing Schemes

34
 Biogas Systems - Institutional
• Canteens
• Restaurants
• Hostels
• Prisons
• Hospitals
• Hotels
• Bus / Train stations
• Places of worship
• Zoo

35
Biogas Systems - Farms
Agricultural
Livestock

36
Biogas Systems - Industrial
Fruits
Vegetable
Meat
Dairy
Sugar

37
 Biogas Systems
Community / Centralised

38
Biogas Systems
Municipal / Water Bodies
MSW • Lakes
Waste Water • Sea Weeds
Sewerage
Abattoirs

39
Biogas Systems
Temporary / Seasonal & Leafy Material

• Pilgrims • Gardens – Domestic /

• Schools? Institutional
• Tourism • Botanical gardens
• Roads
• Market places
• Festivals

40
 BIOGAS POTENTIAL IN SRI LANKA
• Potential
• 190 MWe,
• NCRE 565 MW, 4,002 MW (2016)
• LGA,
• 335, 0.6kg pp, 9k MT Gen, 4k MT collected, 60% BD
• Livestock
• Cattle & Buffalo 1.4m, Goat 312k, Swine 72k, Poultry 20m
• Hospitals
• 1,084 Govt, 73,500 beds
• Institutions and Industries
• 1,600 Commercial and industrial
• HH : 19.9m, 5.1m HH, LKR 45k
propertywire.com