Alloy Nodica

CICT-125
1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties contd.
We look for a chemical change in order to identify a chemical property. One or more new types
of matter result from each change in chemical composition. Rust is a different kind of matter than the
iron, oxygen, and water that preceded it. When the mixture of gases created by the explosion of
nitroglycerin undergoes a chemical change, the new compounds are notably different from the initial
material. Other reactions that are performed in a lab are copper reacting with nitric acid, all forms of
combustion (such as fire), and food going through a multitude of different stages of development, such
as cooking, digestion, and putrefaction (Figure 1.20).

This is figure 1.20. A chemical change takes place, whereby copper and nitric acid combine to form
copper nitrate and brown nitrogen dioxide. (b) Combustion of a match yields carbon dioxide and water
vapor, as cellulose in the match is chemically transformed into these substances during the process. Iron
in myoglobin oxidizes during cooking, which causes the familiar red-to-brown color change. Bananas
turn brown when they are chemically changed into new, darker substances. Work modified by Jeff
Turner and work modified by Gloria Cabada-Leman are both credited as having modified this work.
Work modified by Roberto is also credited as having modified this work.

There are two broad categories of properties of matter. For an extensive property, the property
depends on the amount of matter present. In this case, the quantity of the substance is just as important
as its mass or volume. The amount of matter in a large property has a direct relationship to its value. An
intensive property is one that is independent of the amount of matter present. One way to define
intensive properties is to cite temperature as an example. When the two containers are combined, the
temperature remains at 20 °C. For another example, consider the two properties of heat and
temperature, which are very distinct but must be discussed in relation to each other. Adding a small
amount of hot cooking oil to your arm yields only minor discomfort, whereas adding a large amount of
hot cooking oil causes severe burns. A moderate difference between the temperature of the drop and
the pot of oil is observed (an intensive property), but the pot of oil contains much more heat (extensive
property).