A.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. Define the following:

a) Physical Change: A change in which no new substances are formed and which can
generally be reversed by reversing the conditions is called a physical change.
b) Chemical Change: A change in which new substances are formed and which cannot
be reversed by reversing the conditions is called a chemical change.
c) Melting: The process by which a solid change into liquid at a particular
temperature on being heated is called melting.
d) Freezing: The process by which liquid changes into solid at a particular
temperature on being cooled is called freezing.
e) Vaporization: The process by which liquid changes into gaseous form at a
particular temperature on being heated is called vapourization.
f) Condensation: The process by which gas changes into liquid at a particular
temperature on being cooled is called condensation.
g) Hydrocarbons: Compounds made of carbon and hydrogen only are called
hydrocarbons.

2. What is sublimation and sublimate? Name some substances that sublime.

Ans: The phenomenon by which some solids form vapours directly on being heated is
called sublimation. The same vapours form the solid again on being cooled. This solid is
called the sublimate. Ammonium chloride and naphthalene balls are examples of solids
that sublime.

3. What would you observe if you take some ammonium chloride in a dry test tube
and heat it slowly? Will the solid ammonium chloride melt?

Ans: The solid ammonium chloride does not melt. When heated, a white solid gets
deposited in the upper colder part of the test tube. This is the sublimate of ammonium
chloride.

4. What do you mean by the anomalous expansion of water?

Ans: The anomalous expansion of water is an abnormal property of water whereby it

expands instead of contracting on being cooled below 4°C and contracts instead of
expanding on being heated from 0°C to 4°C.

5. Define rust. State the chemical formula of rust.

Ans: When a piece of iron is left in moist air for some time, a red-brown solid is
deposited over it. This red-brown solid is called rust.

6. Define rusting.

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Ans: The process of formation of a reddish-brown substance on the surface of the iron
objects when left in the presence of moist air is called rusting.

7. Write the conditions necessary for rusting.

Ans: The conditions necessary for rusting are:

• Presence of air (oxygen)

• Presence of moisture (water)

8. Give an example of a change where physical and chemical changes can take place
together.

Ans: A common example of physical and chemical changes happening together is the
burning of a candle. The melting of wax and the solidification of molten wax are
physical changes. The burning of molten wax is a chemical change.

9. State the difference between physical and chemical changes.

Ans: pg 23, table 3.1

10. Why are new substances formed in a chemical change? Explain with an example.

Ans: New substances of found in a chemical change because the atoms rearrange
themselves in such a change. For example, during the burning of coal, the carbon of
coal combines with the oxygen of air to form carbon dioxide.

11. Give an example to show that a change in energy takes place when the following
changes occur: a) physical b) chemical

Ans: a) Change of state: a solid absorbs heat to melt. Similarly, a liquid absorbs heat to
change into vapour. On being cool liquids change into solids and gases and vapours
form liquids. So heat is given out in these processes.

b) Burning: When something is burnt both heat and light are emitted.

12. Mention whether energy is emitted or absorbed in the following changes.

a) Photosynthesis:
b) Melting:
c) Evaporation: Try on your
d) Adding acid to water: own.
e) Digestion of food:
f) Cooking of food:
g) A burning matchstick:

13. Define the following reactions with an example:

Ans: Combination reaction: A reaction in which two or more reactance ad up to form a

product is called a combination reaction.

Example: 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

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 Decomposition reaction: A reaction in which one substance breaks down into two or
more simple substances is called the decomposition reaction.
heat
Example: 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2

Displacement reactions: A reaction in which one element displaces another from a

compound and takes its place in the compound is called a displacement reaction.

Example: Fe + CuSO4 → Cu + FeSO4

Neutralization reactions: A reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to form salt
and water is called a neutralization reaction.

Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

14. Write some uses of baking soda.

Ans: Baking soda is used in the baking industry. Some baking soda is mixed with dough
so that while the dough is baked, the baking soda decomposes to produce carbon
dioxide gas which make the product fluffy and soft.

15. What do you observe when magnesium is burnt in air?

Ans: Magnesium burns with a dazzling white flame to produce magnesium oxide which
is a white smoky solid

16. What will you observe when an iron knife or nail is placed in a copper sulphate
solution?

Ans: When an iron knife or nail is placed in a copper sulphate solution, there is a brown-
red deposit of copper over the iron object. After some time, the blue colour of the
solution changes to green because of the formation of Iron (II) sulphate.

17. Write a chemical reaction for the following:

a) Burning of magnesium: 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

b) Heating of baking soda: 2NaHCO3 heat Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
c) Reaction between iron and copper sulphate: Fe + CuSO4 → Cu + FeSO4
d) Burning of charcoal: C + O2 → CO2
18. Give reason:
a) We observe drops of water on the inside of the windscreen of a car in winter.
This is because of the water vapour of the air that gets cooled to form drops of
water and settle on the inside of the windscreen of a car in winter.
b) The burning of coal is a chemical change.
When coal is burnt, carbon of the coal combines with the oxygen of air to form a new
substance - carbon dioxide. This change is also irreversible as carbon dioxide do not
give back carbon and oxygen on being cooled.
c) The burning of wood or paper is a chemical change.
Wood and paper contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. When burnt, new substances
are formed which are carbon dioxide and water vapour. This change is also irreversible

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as carbon dioxide and water vapour do not give back carbon, hydrogen and oxygen on
being cooled.
d) Rusting is a chemical change.
Rusting is a chemical change because the rest formed cannot be changed back to
iron by reversing the conditions.
e) Cooking of food is a chemical change.
This is because when food is cooked new substances are formed. Also, we cannot
obtain green vegetables from vegetable curry or grains from cooked pulses. So the
cooking of food is a chemical change
f) The curdling of milk is a chemical change
When milk curdles a new substance cottage cheese or curd is formed. We cannot
get back milk from the cheese or the curd. Hence the change is irreversible.
g) The charring of sugar is a chemical change.
When sugar gets charred, a new substance carbon is formed. Carbon on being
cooled will not give sugar.
h) Digestion and photosynthesis is a chemical change.
Digestion and photosynthesis are biological processes involving complex chemical
changes. During digestion complex food molecules are broken down and new
substances are formed. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water combine
to form the new substances glucose and oxygen.
i) When a brinjal or an Apple is cut its cut surface turns brown.
This happens because the oxygen of the air acts on the chemical substance present
in the brinjal or the Apple. A new substance is formed which is brown. Since the
change is irreversible it is a chemical change.

Science Xam Idea should also be followed thoroughly along with this.

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