DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING SURVEYING

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PERAK, SERI ISKANDAR
`
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY II (BSR231)

TOPIC: CASE STUDY OF THE LIGHTING, NOISE CONTROL AND ROOM ACOUSTICS
(GROUPING ASSIGNMENT)

Prepared for:
PUAN NAZHATULZALKIS BINTI JAMALUDIN

Prepared by:

1. MUHAMMAD DANIEL HAIQAL BIN AZIZ 2020478162

2. MUHAMMAD ZUL HAFIY BIN NORDIN 2020845984

3. MUHAMMAD DANISH BIN ABD GHAFOR 2020895568

4. NUR BATRISYIA BINTI MUHAMMAD 2020895504

5. PUTERI IZYAN BATRISYIA BINTI MEOR ISHAM 2020832688

GROUP: AP1193H
TABLE OF CONTENTS
NO CONTENTS PAGES

1.0 Chapter 1 – Background of Selected Building

• Building 1 (Muhammad Daniel)
• Building 2 (Muhammad Danish)
• Building 3 (Muhammad Zul Hafiy)
• Building 4 (Nur Batrisyia)
• Building 5 (Puteri Izyan Batrisyia)

2.0 Chapter 2 – Literature Review

2.1 Introduction Of Lighting
2.2 Introduction of Sound
2.3 Introduction of Acoustic Design
2.4 Elements
2.5 Requirements

3.0 CHAPTER 3 – Case Study

• Building 1 (Muhammad Daniel)
• Building 2 (Muhammad Danish)
• Building 3 (Muhammad Zul Hafiy)
• Building 4 (Nur Batrisyia)
• Building 5 (Puteri Izyan Batrisyia)

4.0 Conclusion

5.0 References
1.0 CHAPTER 1 - Background Of Selected Building
• BUILDING 1 (Muhammad Daniel Haiqal)
• BUILDING 2 (Muhammad Danish)
• BUILDING 3 (Muhammad Zul Hafiy)
 • BUILDING 4 (Nur Batrisyia)

Figure 1.1 Residential for case study

This residential building was chosen as a case study, this house is a rental house. The residential is single storey terrace house and
the building chosen is located at Jalan Lakeville, Seri Iskandar, Perak with an average land area is built up 1250 square ft. for each
of houses. It was fully built on 2017. Taman Lakeville is designed as an exclusive neighbourhood. The concept is so cozy and simple
and the shape is straightly tall in rectangular. This building was built on the middle of a hill surrounded by lush greenery and unspoilt
landscape that provides quire, peaceful and cozy environment. There are 4 rooms and 2 toilets provided in each of the houses. This
house chosen as a case study purpose which is owned by Rabiaton Adawiyah Binti Ahmed Tajudin. These housing estates are
usually occupied by students and employees. This housing estate has been built for 5 years since February 2017. The building used
entirely brick and the rent of this house is RM900 per month. The address is 112 Jalan Lakeville 31, Bandar Universiti, 32610 Seri
Iskandar, Perak. It is located in Perak Tengah and this place also close to the city of Seri Iskandar.
Figure 1.2 Map of Case study Figure 1.3 Floor Plan of Residential
• BUILDING 5 (Puteri Izyan Batrisyia)
2.0 CHAPTER 2 - Literature Review
2.1 Introduction Of Lighting

Light is a wave phenomenon that manifests itself as an electromagnetic of radiation. This energy is radiated by processes in the
atomic structures of diverse materials, resulting in a wide range of effects. A wide range of effects Lighting is a type of electromagnetic
wave that operates in a relatively narrow frequency range. Visible light encompasses the entire spectrum. Lighting is the deliberate
use of light to produce practical or aesthetic effects is known as lighting or illumination. Both artificial light sources such as lamps and
light fixtures, as well as natural illumination obtained by capturing daylight, are used in lighting. In some structures, daylighting using
windows, skylights, or light shelves is employed as the primary source of light during the day. This can save energy instead of
requiring artificial lighting, which accounts for a large amount of building energy use. Proper lighting can improve task performance,
improve an area's look, or have a good psychological influence on the people who use it. Visible light makes up a small portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum. Although energy is a non-visible aspect of the process, it has an impact on humans. Light sources, as is
customary, do not contain all wavelengths of equivalent intensity across the spectrum. They appear white and cover the entire visible
spectrum. Light has distinct properties at different wavelengths. Features that can be utilised to distinguish spectral regions In a
nutshell, lights with a shorter lifespan. Higher frequency wavelengths have more energy than lower frequency wavelengths.
Visible light makes up a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Although energy is a nonvisible aspect of the process, it has
an impact on humans. Light sources, as is customary, do not contain all wavelengths of equivalent strength across the visible spec
trum, but they do appear white. Light has distinct qualities at different wavelengths that can be utilised to distinguish spectral region
s. In other words, lights with shorter wavelengths contain more energy than those with longer wavelengths.
2.1.1 Electromagnetic waves

Electromagnetic waves divided by two, visible radiation and non- visible radiation;

Visible radiation

The visible spectrum hues violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red, when mixed together, appear as white light, with all
visible wavelengths influencing the combination's sight. The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation visible to the naked eye ranges
from roughly 300 nanometers to 76 nanometers, or 1 nanometer.

Non- visible radiation

Non-visible radiation can be identified as the human eye cannot detect electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths beyond the range
of visible wavelengths.

Ultraviolet light Infrared radiation

It is not visible, but tissue and other organic materials, such as t is usually felt as thermal radiation or heat. Along with UV and
furniture art, may be affected. Therefore, when choosing light visible radiation, light sources also produce infrared radiation.
sources, designers should consider how much UV radiation and Other than that, it can be used for seeing in the dark and for
surface absorption would be released. connections to contact.
2.1.2 Types of lighting

Types Explaination
The goal of general lighting, often known as ambient lighting, is
to illuminate a whole room. It offers a consistent degree of
illumination across the space, regardless of the presence of
additional lighting sources. The ambient light 'bounces' off the
walls, filling the room with light.

Ambient lighting
 Task lighting, as opposed to ambient lighting that illuminates a
general area or mood lighting that illuminates for atmospheric
or effect purposes, illuminates a specific region and makes the
execution of a task easier.

Task lighting
 Accent lighting directs light toward a certain region or item. It's
frequently used to draw attention to artwork or other objects.
Wall sconces, floodlights, recessed lights, torchère lamps, and
track lighting are all examples of accent lighting.

Accent lighting
2.2 Introduction of Sound
2.3 Introduction of Acoustic Design
Acoustic design is the science of managing noise in buildings is known as building acoustics. This includes reducing noise
transmission from one room to another as well as controlling sound characteristics within those spaces. Acoustics play an important
role in the design, operation, and construction of most buildings, and can have a big impact on people's health, communication, and
productivity. They're especially useful in places like music halls, recording studios, lecture theatres, and other places where sound
quality and intelligibility are important.
The requirement of acoustic design is to adequate the level of sound to make sure the sound is enough for using in any room or hall
even distribution to all listeners in the room. Other than that, the rate of decay is suitable for all types of room so that easy to use that
design. Background noise and external noise reduced to acceptable levels to make sure the audience in the room can hear the sound
perfectly. The last one is absence of echoes and similar acoustic defects to make sure the sound was good.

2.3.1 Types of acoustic design

a) Hard room

In many circumstances, just the reverberation time is measured in traditional acoustic evaluations of a room. In hard rooms, the reverberation
time is generally sufficient as the room acoustic descriptor. Both the sound intensity and the reverberation time are mostly determined by the
room's total sound absorption. The sound level in a room can be determined if the reverberation duration and sound effect that a sound source
emits into the room are known. The hard room, on the other hand, is quite uncommon.
b) Rooms with absorbent ceilings

Ceilings that absorb sound are more common. The reverberation time in these environments is not solely determined by absorption. The sound-
scattering furniture in the space, how the absorbers are arranged, and the room's form all have a role. The sound level will, however, be mostly
determined by the room's overall absorption. The lower the sound level, the more absorption the room receives.
c) Open plan rooms

The reverberation time must be supplemented with descriptors that are adapted to the room's geometrical shape and can provide
recommendations for the acoustical design in open-plan spaces, for example. The impact of acoustic planning on sound propagation in the
premises and, as a result, acoustic comfort, is a crucial question in open-plan spaces.
2.3.2 Advantages and disadvantages of acoustic design

Advantages Disadvantages
Each member of the audience can choose their visual perspective of Surround-sound halls tend to have prominent tier front surfaces that
the orchestra, with more choice than in most rectangular halls. can diminish the important visual and psychological “density” of the
audience. Similarly, density can be lower because vineyard-type halls
tend to require more aisles.

Surround-sound halls tend to have relatively steeply raked seating The audience behind the performers often has no view, or a very
areas and, hence, good frontal sightlines. restricted view, of solo instruments, particularly those played in front
of the body, for example the cello, guitar, lute, clarinet and oboe.

Surround halls tend to have shorter average and maximum audience Not all orchestras turn around during applause to acknowledge the
distances to the platform. This can elicit a sense of high visual audience behind them. Some people can be disappointed with this.
intimacy and closeness to the performers.

Surround-sound seating tends to be in smaller blocks, which again Author was distracted by the highly raked stalls and the entrance
people can find more intimate and comfortable. zone behind them.
2.4 Elements
2.5 Requirements
3.0 CHAPTER 3 – Case Study
• BUILDING 1 (Muhammad Daniel Haiqal)
• BUILDING 2 (Muhammad Danish)
• BUILDING 3 (Muhammad Zul Hafiy)
 • BUILDING 4 (Nur Batrisyia)

3.4 Indication plan of the house

SP 1

SP 1

SP 2

Figure 3.4 Indication Plan of the Whole House

3.4.1 Spaces and floor plan for the case study involved

❖ Space 1 – Living Room

Figure 3.4.1.1 Space 1 – Living Room Figure 3.4.1.2 Plan for Space 1
❖ Space 2 – Master Bedroom

Figure 3.4.1.3 Space 2 – Master Bedroom Figure 3.4.1.4 Plan for Space 2
❖ Space 3 – Kitchen

Figure 3.4.1.5 Space 3 – Kitchen Figure 3.4.1.6 Plan for Space 3

3.4.2 Lighting
a) Natural Lighting
LOCATION Floor Area Opening Area Requirement by Law REMARKS
(m²) (Refer UBBL for Natural
Lighting)
1) Living Hall 6.07m x 3.80m i. Three Panel Sliding Every room design adapted The natural lighting in building
= 23.07m2 Glass Door or used for residential, studied is quite poor where the
business or other purposes orientation of the building is not that
Quantity: 3 except hospitals and schools strategic. The building orientation
shall provide with natural and design should be more
lighting and natural ventilation considerable to ensure the building
by means of one or more accepts more natural lighting for
windows, having a total area the occupants own good. It is
of not less than 10% of the because good building
clear floor area of a such performance, will gives the best

Figure 3.4.2.1 Three Panel room and of such floor area. service to the occupants in the

Slinding Window building. The building should be

designed to be having a little

Size Three Panel Window : distance from one house to another

3.66m x 2.74m = 10.03m² to allow better lighting enter the

house from different openings. As
for living hall, the design is quite
poor because the openings
provided only at the living hall main
entrance where less natural lighting
enters the house. Besides, the
building studied only gain natural
lighting from the living hall near the
main entrance, kitchen and from
bedroom. As conclusion, the area
of the opening design are not
comply with the requirements.
2) Master 6.07m x 3.80m i. Two Panel Window Every room designed, The natural lighting at this place is
Bedroom = 23.07m2 Aluminium adapted, used for residential, quiet bad. The room only gets
Casement hung business or other purposes natural light through windows.
Frame with window except hospitals and schools However, the light is blocked by a
glass. shall be provided with natural car that parked in the garage, so
lighting and natural ventilation basically the amount of light
Quantity: 2 by means of one or more produced is only a little. This
windows having a total area building is made by using the
of not less than 10% of the townhouse concept as to make
clear floor area of such room things clear, the design is applied
and shall have openings for this modern townhouse these
capable of allowing a free days and design is not preferable.
uninterrupted passage of air With the help of fluorescent lamp, it
of not less than 5% of such is the only lighting provides in the
Figure 3.4.2.2 Two Panel
floor area. master bedroom where the
Window
occupant depending with.

Size each panel: 1.2m x

0.6m= 0.72m²

0.72m² x 2 panels: 1.44m²

2.06m x0.99m ii. Door Other than that, for this location,
= 2.04m² natural lights only entered through
Quantity: 3 sliding doors and windows in the
room. By that, just a little natural
light is confirmed to be admitted
through the master bedroom.
Next, for the openings calculation
that have been required from the
UBBL stated that shall be
provided with natural lighting and
natural ventilation by means of
one or more windows having a
Figure 3.4.2.3 Single Door total area of not less than 10% of
the clear floor area of such room
Size Door Panel: 3.66m x and shall have openings capable
2.74m = 10.03m² of allowing a free uninterrupted
passage of air of not less than 5%
10.03m² x 3 door panel = of such floor area. As for master
30.09m² bedroom, the fixed ventilation
 iii. PVC Folding Door
Quantity: 2
Figure 3.4.2.4 PVC Folding
Door
Size: 0.828m x 2.057m= 1.70m2
2 Doors: 1.70m2 x 2 = 3.40m²
Total Opening Areas: 2.16 m2
+1.72m2 + 5.1m2 = 8.98m2
Floor Area x 10% (Adjustable
Opening)
23.07m2 x 10% (8.98m2) =
20.72
opening is not being used where
they only used the adjustable
opening at this area. It can be
seen from the calculation made,
the percentage of floor areas with
openings overall is 5.05%. The
openings involved in this space
are door and only single window.
It cannot be straightly assumed
that it is not comply because the
39 calculation have only been
counted for each space not
overall of the house, But in sum
up for the whole areas in the
house, the calculation overall is
comply which is passed the
standard requirement made by
the UBBL.
3) Kitchen 3.90m x 3.80m i. Single Flush Door Every room designed, The natural lighting for the kitchen
= 14.82m2 adapted, used for residential, is overall poor too because at the
business or other purposes kitchen is only provided 1 and no
except hospitals and schools other openings for the lighting to
shall be provided with natural be admitted in the kitchen area.
lighting and natural The kitchen area also depending
ventilation by means of one with the fluorescent lamp on the
or more windows having a ceiling only. It have windows
total area of not less than beside the door but the window is
10% of the clear floor area of stuck and it cannot be opened.
Figure 3.4.2.5 Single Flush such room and shall have So, the natural lighting admitted is
Door openings capable of allowing not that much. Besides, for this
a free uninterrupted passage kitchen area, more openings
Size: 0.828m x 2.057m= 1.70m2 of air of not less than 5% of needed, since the kitchen is used
such floor area. for the cooking. As conclusion the
Floor Area x 10% area of the opening design is not
(Adjustable Opening) comply with the requirements.

14.82 x 10% (1.72) = 2.55%

b) Artificial Lighting System
LOCATION ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING REMARKS

1) Living Hall
Figure 3.4.2.6 Fluorescent lamp
i. Fluorescent lamp = 1 The fluorescent lamp is used in the most of
the buildings and it is a low-pressure
mercury-vapor gas discharge lamp that
uses fluorescence to produce visible light.
The type of the fluorescent lamp is 4ft
Philips fluorescent light long tube with
starter and housing complete set (not Led)
36w. The lamp is 574mm long. The body of
the batten light fitting are made from mild
steel with a white finish, the lamp holders
and end caps are made from
polycarbonate. The number of fluorescent
lamps used at the living hall is 1. The
condition is also is quite good even it is
being used for almost 5 years. Starters
need to be changed in few times in order to
keep the lamp still functioning.
2) Master Bedroom
ii.
Figure 3.4.2.7 Fluorescent lamp
Figure 3.4.2.8 LED light
i. Fluorescent lamp = 1 i. The fluorescent lamp is used in the most
LED light =1 of the buildings and it is a low-pressure
mercury-vapor gas discharge lamp that
uses fluorescence to produce visible light.
The type of the fluorescent lamp is 4ft
Philips fluorescent light long tube with
starter and housing complete set (not Led)
36w. The condition is also is quite good
even it is being used for almost 5 years. 3
Starters need to be changed in order to keep
the lamp still functioning.
ii. LED light is widely used nowadays
because it is cheap and beautiful because it
can produce many colors, the use can also
save electricity costs. LED is very usueful
since the bedroom does not received a lot of
light so by using LED it will illuminate the
room. The condition is good despite using
almost a year. As conclusion, the the LED is
functioned and it is good to use.
3) Kitchen i. Fluorescent lamp = 1 The fluorescent lamp is used in the most of
the buildings and it is a low-pressure
mercury-vapor gas discharge lamp that
uses fluorescence to produce visible light.
The type of the fluorescent lamp is 4ft
Philips fluorescent light long tube with
starter and housing complete set (not Led)
36w. The lamp is 574mm long. The body of
the batten light fitting are made from mild
steel with a white finish, the lamp holders
and end caps are made from polycarbonate.

Figure 3.4.2.9 Fluorescent lamp
The number of fluorescent lamp used at the
kitchen is 1 and still functioning. The
condition is also is quite good even it is
being used for almost 5 years. Starters need
to be changed in order to keep the lamp still
functioning
3.4.3 Sound (Noise Control)
3.4.3.1 Material That Have Been Used to Control Noise in the Building Whether from Outside or Inside
the House
There are many materials that have been used to control noise in the building whether from outside or inside the house. In every
residential house also, it would be an essential to for the contractors and other bodies involved to make sure the materials used in
the building are in good condition, have good quality, bring benefits and comfort to the occupants in the building. Sound absorption
is the capability of a surface, or building material, to absorb sound instead of reflecting it. Sound waves will continue to bounce around
a room for a time after they are created if the majority of surfaces in a room is reflective. Surfaces that absorb sound better will not
allow for reflections to bounce around as much, and will deaden the sound wave more quickly. Many common building materials,
such as gypsum board, wood, concrete, brick and tile, are fairly reflective and do not absorb much sound. Softer materials, such as
carpet, foam padding, and fiberglass insulation, are far better at absorbing sound. It can be seen by the case study that I chosen did
applied average building materials in order to control noise inside and outside of the building.

1) Wall

Wall is basically an important building element that have been used as partition. The wall made of bricks and concrete which can be
said, it did not absorb much sound and fairly reflective. However, in presence of a wall it helps reduce the noise to enter the building.
The most common wall type is made of finished and painted drywall. The end result is a smooth, reflective surface that is going to
bounce sound back into the room rather than absorb it. Additionally, if we cover the walls with a picture or furniture, it will reduce the
reverberation in the building. Large decorative art, particularly pieces made of fabrics, canvas and/or wood, work well as their
materials absorb more sound than pieces made with metal or glass.
 2) Floor
The materials that can be used to control noise is by putting thick carpets on the floor is one of the ways that can be used. In the
building that I chose, the occupants basically used thick carpets of the areas in the house such as living room, master bedroom,
bedroom 1, bedroom 2 and bedroom 3. Hence, it can be said that thick carpet is one of good sound absorbers that can control
noise.

3) Ceiling

Materials that can be used to control noise is by hanging lights and fans will passively help to control sound. This might be enough
for average-height rooms. As for the building, the building did not used any lights to cover the ceiling except one fluorescent lamp
and one ceiling fan.

Besides other materials that can be used to control noise from outside and inside the building is used a curtain. For this building that
I used in this case study, it can be seen that this building used curtains in all rooms include the kitchen. Hence, the noise can be
reduced. Thus, it can be concluded that, it is very important for applying good materials in the building by considering the building
elements that used in order to control noise from inside and outside the building.
3.4.3.2 Requirements of Noise in the Building
Noise standards in the building are generally one of the most significant things to consider in order to ensure that the building is
comfortable to live in. Noise is measured by sound pressure level which is expressed as a power ratio and calibrated in decibels (dB).
The ear has a broad dynamic range in auditory perception, with a ratio of 1:1 trillion between the quietest and most immediately
harmful sound level (capable of causing irreversible ear damage). Communities usually agree about what noise volumes are
acceptable and what are not. The intensity of sound can be measured objectively in decibels, but our perception of what constitutes
noise is affected by subjective factors. These include the type of noise (one person’s music might be another person’s noise), our
mood, the time of day, background noise levels and our expectations. Sudden noises such as a motorbike exhaust or screeching
brakes can be more disturbing than steady or expected noises. Frequency of noise may also have different impacts. Non-traffic-
related noise complaints are rising, particularly in medium and high-density housing areas. Many new medium and high density
developments are unnecessarily noisy, and the sound insulation requirements for multiunit housing and apartment buildings are not
particularly high. It can be very difficult or 46 expensive to do anything about a noise nuisance after a house is built or purchased.
Consider potential noise problems before buying, build or renovate and ask for design specifications for noise levels before buying a
multi-residential unit and ask the solicitor to link them to the contract as a performance measure. This will give more options if the
occupants discover a problem after moving in. Hence, the building no.26-1 also need to be followed the standard requirements of
noise to ensure the occupants live in a cozy building.
3.4.3.3 Average of Sound Level in Different Spaces

MP1 – Mp4 are measurement points

MP 1 MP 2
MP 1 MP 2

MP 3 MP 4
MP 3 MP 4

Figure 3.4.3.3.1 Space 1: Living Hall Figure 3.4.3.3.2 Space 1: Master Bedroom

MP 1 MP 2

MP 3 MP 4

Figure 3.4.3.3.2 Space 3: Kitchen

❖ SPACE 1: LIVING HALL

Sound Level of Measurement Points (dB)

Time Average Sound

MP 1 MP 2 MP 3 MP 4

9.00 a.m. 58 57 55 57 57

12.00 p.m. 64 68 71 71 71

5.00 p.m. 61 68 69 69 69
❖ SPACE 2: MASTER BEDROOM

Figure 3.4.3.3.2 Space 1: Master Bedroom

Sound Level of Measurement Points (dB)

Time Average Sound
MP 1 MP 2 MP 3 MP 4

9.00 a.m. 58 55 47 58 58

12.00 p.m. 57 59 53 54 54

5.00 p.m. 66 58 62 63 63
❖ SPACE 3: KITCHEN

Sound Level of Measurement Points (dB)

Time Average Sound

MP 1 MP 2 MP 3 MP 4

9.00 a.m. 63 62 59 59 59

12.00 p.m. 66 63 65 63 63

5.00 p.m. 64 73 74 68 73
3.4.3.4 Analysis of the Sound Level Taken at 3 Different Spaces on Different Time Intervals

Sound Level Taken at 3 Different Spaces on Different Time Intervals

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Living Hall (dB) Master Bedroom (dB) Kitchen (dB)
9.00 a.m. 12.00 p.m. 5.00 p.m.

Figure 1: Bar Chart of Sound Level Taken at 3 Different Spaces on Different Time Intervals
Based on the bar chart and graph line above, it can be seen, three different spaces that have been studied for their sound level.
Different spaces such as living hall, master bedroom and kitchen that have been chosen for the case study were used to measure
the sound level on 3 different interval time. The average sound calculated shown above explains that there are only major differences
between 3 interval time at those three spaces.

Firstly, for the living hall, it can be concluded that, the average sound for the space shown only minor differences range of the sound.
The sound level on the morning for living hall is basically acceptable where it is still in range of normal conversation of the human
which is 57dB. The sound or noise at the living hall might because of the sound of ceiling fan since the fan is quite old. Next, on the
afternoon, the average sound at the living room is 71dB which is higher than the morning. It is also acceptable and still in range
between normal conversation or busy city traffic but it is just the parable of the sound level only. It is also might be average since the
sound produced might because of the ceiling fan, television sound and some conversation sound. While on the evening, the sound
level at the hall is lower compared to the afternoon one which is 69dB. It is possibly because of the occupants itself who gathered at
the living room, television sound and more.

Besides, for the master bedroom it shows that the sound produced is quite high but still acceptable in the range because it is still
below 70. It can be seen that the average sound produced on the morning is 58dB. It is because of the occupants in the master
bedroom is still sleeping and no activities are done on that time which produced quiet situation. On the afternoon, it can be seen from
the bar chart that, the average sound produced is only 54dB where occupants rarely used the master bedroom on the afternoon.
Hence, the sound produced in the master bedroom on the afternoon is higher than the morning one in the master bedroom. The
possible sound only can be heard is maybe because of the conversation between occupants or the ceiling fan sound. Next, on
evening, the average sound produced is higher than the afternoon sound which is 63dB. It might because of the occupants who uses
the bathroom and master bedroom to get prepare doing their life routine such as shower, exercise and more. Hence, more sound is
produced at this hour.

Other than that, the other space that have been studied for their sound levels as shown on the bar chart above is kitchen. It can be
seen that the average sound produced for three interval time at the kitchen does not shows many differences. As on the morning, it
can be seen that the average sound produced is the lowest one compared to evening and afternoon which is only 59dB. It is still
acceptable and the sound produced on the morning might because of the occupants who made breakfast or cooking for the
occupants. It depends on what types of cooking and work they do. On afternoon, it shows the higher average sound produced which
is only 63dB compared to the morning because the occupants in the building rarely go to the kitchen on the afternoon since they
already used the kitchen mostly at 11 am and below. It is why the average sound is the lowest. Last but not least, the average sound
produced at the kitchen on the evening is the highest one compared to the morning and afternoon. The average sound produced is
only 73dB. It can be seen that the occupants used the kitchen the most at this hour since now it is in pandemic and MCO season,
people are mostly spent their time by staying at home rather than going outside. Hence, it is why the average sound at the kitchen
on the evening is the highest one compared to the afternoon and evening. Lastly, all the analysis made above for the sound level
charts have been explained. It can be seen that different spaces in the building produced different average sound level on the different
time.
3.4.4 Room Acoustic

Room acoustics is the broad term that describes how sound waves interact with a room. Each room, and all the objects in it, will react
differently to different frequencies of sound. Every speaker will sound different in different rooms. Room acoustics describes how
sound behaves in an enclosed space. It can be said also that the building studied, different objects react differently at the three
different spaces studied. For example, with the used of furniture, absorptive materials such as carpets and more will surely help in
order to show the sound waves react in a room or space with different objects. It is also can be defined that, the occupants in the
building could hear the sound easily because the distribution of sound in the spaces are equally distributed. Lesser echoes produced
in the rooms is one of the prove that the objects or materials in the space react normally. Next, even the house studied did not use
many good absorbers, yet the absorbers used in the building is still can be functioning and managed to reduced unwanted sound
such as echo. Then, as for the building used for the case study, the sound waves reflected with one object to the occupant in the
room will be drawn below for reference:
3.4.4.1 Analysis Of Problem Related With The Lighting, Noise Control And Room Acoustics

➢ LIGHTING
SPACES PROBLEMS

1. Living Hall It can be identified that the living hall is facing poor admission of natural lighting because of the insufficient
openings in the house. The openings of the living hall are mostly placed at the entrance of the building. It
is also because of the building design and orientation itself. More openings need since living hall only
admits less natural lighting and more depending on the artificial lighting.

2. Master Bedroom This space is only depending on the artificial 55 lighting too which is the fluorescent lamp because it did
not receive any natural lighting at all. Master bedroom’s problem is very serious where the opening is only
one where only get a little natural light. Actions must be taken by putting more artificial lighting in the
bedroom since no natural lighting admits in all direction surround the master bedroom

3. Kitchen The natural lighting at the kitchen is also quite poor where the openings does not face the sunlight because
of the building orientation. Hence, lesser admission of natural lighting enters the kitchen. Hence, lesser
admission of natural lighting enters the kitchen. A small natural light only entered by a door kitchen and
window that covered with grill. Conclude, it needs to be overcome by applying more artificial lighting to
make sure the work at the kitchen can be done safely and in comfort.
➢ NOISE CONTROL
SPACES PROBLEMS
1. Living Hall No major problem can be identified at this space since the sound produced at this space only in average
sound level and still acceptable to be heard by people.

2. Master Bedroom No major problem can be identified at this space since the sound produced at this space only in average
sound level and still acceptable to be heard by people.

3. Kitchen No major problem can be identified at this space since the sound produced at this space only in average
sound level and still acceptable to be heard by people.
➢ ROOM ACOUSTIC
SPACES PROBLEMS
1. Living Hall No serious problem at this space since the sound waves interacted with the objects such as carpets at
living hall as usual.

2. Master Bedroom No serious problem at this space since the sound waves interacted with the objects such as carpet at
master bedroom as usual.

3. Kitchen No serious problem at this space since the sound waves interacted with the objects at kitchen as usual
and no absorber materials used at this space
• BUILDING 5 (Puteri Izyan Batrisyia)
4.0 CHAPTER 4 – Conclusion
5.0 CHAPTER 5 – References