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IN INDONESIA
The impact of the current global dynamics results in high human needs, especially in energy
use (Figure). However, over time energy-producing mineral resources are increasingly
limited in existence (Figure). This requires humans to look for other resources as materials
to produce alternative energy. One of those alternative energies is known as BIOMASS.
What is Biomass?
Biomass is a renewable energy source obtained from renewable natural materials. The main
ingredients of this energy come from living things which include trees, production plants
and residues of plant fibers, animal waste, and other wastes made from organic materials.
(Pictured).
Currently, energy derived from fossils such as petroleum and coal is running low. Many
countries are trying to develop alternative energy, one of which is biomass because it has
long-term potential. For the Indonesian state, biomass is very potential to meet energy
needs because it is endowed with abundant biological natural resources (Figure). This is
because Indonesia is located in the equatorial region with the agrarian sector still
dominating economic activities.
The biomass potential contained in energy plantation forests is spread in various regions in
Indonesia, such as Aceh, Sumatra, Kalimantan, to eastern Indonesia (MAP OF INDONESIA'S
BIOMASS/BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES POTENTIAL). The biomass can come from oil palm,
rubber, cassava, wood, animal waste.
The Indonesian Biomass Energy Society (MEBI) noted that the potential for generating
resources from Biomass reached 32.6 Giga Watts. Currently, which is included in the
Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL) 2021 - 2030, the Biomass Power Plant (PLTBM) has
only reached 5.5 GW.
Biomass can be converted or converted into other forms, such as solid form (biobriquet),
methane gas (biogas), ethanol, biodiesel or transportation fuel (biofuel)(Figure).
The use of organic waste into fuel will provide three advantages, namely improving overall
energy efficiency, saving costs and reducing landfills, especially in urban areas.
Biomassa dapat dikonversi atau diubah menjadi bentuk lain, seperti bentuk padat (biobriket), gas
metana (biogas), ethanol, biodiesel atau bahan bakar transportasi (biofuel)(Gambar).
Penggunaan limbah organik menjadi bahan bakar akan memberikan tiga keuntungan, yaitu
peningkatan efisiensi energi secara keseluruhan, penghematan biaya dan mengurangi tempat
penimbunan sampah terutama di wilayah perkotaan.