G10-QUARTER 2-MUSIC
AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN AND POPULAR MUSIC
MUSIC OF AFRICA
A. TRADITIONAL MUSIC OF AFRICA
AFRICAN MUSIC – This music is a collective result of
the cultural and musical diversity of more than 50
ethnic divisions of the content and it is largely
functional in nature, used primarily in ceremonial rites
such as birth, death, marriage, succession, worship
and spirit invocations.
African Music Style and Genres
1. Afrobeat- is a term used to describe the
fusion of West African with black American
music.
2. Apala (Akpala) – It is a musical genre from
Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style, used to
wake-up worshippers after fasting during
Ramadan.
Percussion instruments includes…
a. Rattle (Sekere)
b. Thumb Piano (Agidigbo)
c. Bell (Agogo)
d. 2 or 3 Talking Drums
3. Axe – popular musical genre from Salvador,
Bahia and Brazil. It fuses the Afro-Carribean
styles of the marcha, reggae, and calypso and
is played by carnival bands.
4. Jit – hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean
dance music played on drums with guitar
accompaniment. It is a Traditional Music of
Africa from Zimbabwe.
5. Jive - popular form of South African music
featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of
the jitterbug, a form of swing dance.
has rhythmical beat with three steps to every
6. Juju – popular music style from Nigeria that
relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms,
where instruments are more Western in
origin.
A drum kit, keyboard, pedal steel guitar and
accordion are used along with the traditional
dun-dun (talking drum or squezze drum)
7. Kwassa kwassa – is a dance style begun in
Zaire in the late 1980s, popularized by Kanda
Bongo Man. In this dance style, the hips move
back and forth while the arms follow the hip
movements.
8. Marabi – is a South African three-chord
township music of the 1930s-1960s which
evolved into African jazz. It makes use of a
keyboard style that combines American jazz,
ragtime and blues with African roots. It is
characterized by simple chords in varying
vamping patterns and repetitive harmony
over an extended period of time to allow the
dancers more time on the dance floor.
B. LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC INFLUENCED BY
AFRICAN MUSIC
1. Reggae – It composed a Western-style
melodic-harmonic base with African sounds
and characteristics, American pop and rock
music mannerisms, and a preference for a
loud volume in the bass. The best-known
proponent of reggae music is Bob Marley.  
2. Salsa – music is Cuban, Puerto Rican and
Colombian dance music. It comprises various
musical genres including the Cuban son
montuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo and
bolero.
3. Samba – It is a Brazilian musical genre and
style and it has basic underlying rhythm that
typifies most Brazilian music. It is lively and
bar, making it feels like a timed dance.  
4. Soca – is also known as the “soul of calypso”.
It is originated as a fusion of calypso with
Indian rhythms, thus combining the musical
traditions of the two major ethnic groups of
Trinidad and Tobago.
5. WERE - Is a Muslim music often performed as
a wake-up call for early breakfast and prayers
during Ramadan celebrations.
6. ZOUK - Is a fast, carnival-like rhythmic music,
from the creole slang word for “party”.
7. BLUES - Is a musical form of the late 19th
century that had deep roots in African-
American communities. These communities
were located in the so-called “Deep South” of
the United States.
8. SOUL - It originated in the United States and
combined elements of African-American
gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often
jazz.
9. SPIRITUAL - It is normally associated with a
deeply religious person. In music, it refers to a
song form, known as the “Negro spiritual,”
sung by African slaves in America who
became enslaved by its white communities.
10. CALL AND RESPONSE - It is a method of a
succession of two distinct musical phrases
usually rendered by different musicians,
where the second phrase acts as a direct
commentary on or response to the first.
MUSIC OF LATIN AMERICA
Latin American Music
-is the product of three major influences- Indigenous,
Spanish-Portuguese, and African.
 Popular Latin American Music
1. Samba- dance form of African origins around
1838 which evolved into an African-Brazilian
invention in the working class and slum
districts of Rio de Janeiro.
2. Son- Fusion of the popular music or
“canciones” of Spain and the African rumba
rhythms of Bantu origin.
3. Salsa- Social dance with marked influences
from Cuba and Puerto Rico that started in
New York in the mid 1970s.
Vocal and Dance Forms of Latin American Music
1. Cumbia - originated in Panama, popular
courtship dance.
2. Tango - may have been of African origin
meaning “African Dance”or from the Spanish
word “Taner” meaning “to play” an
instrument.
3. Cha cha – is a ballroom dance that originated
in the Cuba in the 1950s. It was derived from
mambo and its characteristic rhythm.
4. Rumba - recreational dance of Afro-Cuban
origin, normally used as a ballroom dance
where a solo dancer or couple would be in an
embrace though slightly apart.
5. Bossa Nova - originated in 1950s when a
slower, gentler version of the classic Cuban
samba became popular with the upper and
middle class sectors of Brazilian society.
6. Reggae - a Latin American music (influenced
by African Music) from Jamaica
7. Foxtrot - is a 20th century social dance that
originated after 1910 in the USA. There was
no fixed step pattern, instead borrowing from
other dance forms and having a simple
forward/backward sequence.
8. Paso Doble - “double step” is a theatrical
Spanish dance used by the Spaniards in
bullfights.
JAZZ MUSIC 7. Cat Stevens
8. Group Peter, Paul and Mary
1. Ragtime - is an American popular musical 9. Duo of Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel
style mainly for piano, that originated in the
Afro-American communities of St. Louis and 2. COUNTRY AND WESTERN MUSIC - is a blend
New Orleans. It is also the modification of the of popular musical forms originally found in
marching mode. the Southern United States and it reflects the
2. Big Band - refers to a large ensemble form people’s life experiences and local settings.
originating in the United States in the mid-
1920s closely associated with the Swing Era PIONEERING COUNTRY MUSIC ARTISTS
and its jazz elements. 1. Johnny Cash
3. Bepop - or pop is a musical style of modern 2. Loretta Lynn
jazz that emerged during the World War II. 3. Roy Rogers
4. Jazz Rock - Music of 1960s and 1970s bands 4. Jimmy Rodgers
that inserted jazz elements into rock music. It 5. Patsy Cline
is also the synonym for jazz fusion and mix of 6. Jim Reeves
funk and R&B.
POPULAR COUNTRY SINGERS
POPULAR MUSIC OR POP MUSIC 1. Tim McGraw
2. Faith Hill
Popular music - This style or genre is consisted of 3. Keith Urban
music to entertain a large number of people, whether 4. Shania Twain
on radio or in live performances and literally means 5. Carries Underwood
“music of the populace,” similar to traditional folk 6. Trisha Yearwood
music of the past. 7. Toby Keith
8. Brad Paisley
1. FOLK MUSIC - refers to the music pertains to 9. Taylor Swift
melodies and songs of the common people
handed down one generation to the next. FAMED DUET PARTNERS
This music commonly expresses the character Kenny Rogers & Dolly Parton
of ethnic and social groups, and sometimes of
a nation. 3. BALLADS - The ballad originated as an
expressive folksong in narrative verse with
Singer & Musicians in the United States text dealing typically about love. Used by
1. Woody Guthrie poets and composers since the 18th century, it
2. Bob Dylan became a slow popular love song in the 19th
3. Joan Baez century.
4. Joni Mitchell
5. John Denver
6. James Taylor
Today, the term ballad refers to a love song in a Proponents: Britney Spears
slightly pop or rock style, with the following Elvis Presley Beyonce
variations: Chuck Berry Lady Gaga
a. Blues Ballads - fusion of Anglo-American and Little Richard Bruno Mars
Afro-American styles from the 19th century John Lennon Boyz II Men
that often deals with anti-heroes resisting Paul McCartney Backstreet boys
authority. N’Sync
b. Pop Standard and Jazz Ballads - A blues style 6. DISCO - The 1970s saw the rise of another Michael Jackson
built. form of pop music known as “disco.” Disco
Artists music pertained to rock music that was more Today’s Pop Music Idol
George Gershwin danceable, thus leading to the establishment One Direction
Irving Berlin of venues for public dancing also called Rihanna
Duke Ellington discos. Ed Sheeran
c. Pop and Rock Ballads - Is an emotional love
song with suggestion of folk music as in the Superstars of the disco genre: 8. HIP HOP AND RAP - Hip hop music is a
Beatles’ composition. The Bee Gees, ABBA, Donna Summer (“The stylized, highly rhythmic type of music that
Artists Queen of Disco”), TheBee Gees; Earth, Wind, usually (but not always) includes portions of
Billy Joel and Fire; KC and the Sunshine Band; The rhythmically chanted words called “rap.” In
Don Mclean Village People; and Gloria Gaynor, bringing us rapping, the artist speaks
such hits as Dancing Queen, Stayin’ Alive, along with an instrumental or synthesized
4. STANDARDS - In music, the term “standard” Boogie Wonderland, and Hot Stuff. beat.
is used to denote the most popular and 9. ALTERNATIVE MUSIC - Alternative music
enduring songs from a particular genre or 7. POP MUSIC - Parallel with the disco era, other was an underground independent form of
style pop music superstars continued to emerge. music that arose in the 1980’s.It became
Proponents of this style: widely popular in the 1990’s as a way to defy
Frank Sinatra – My Way Pop Music Artists “mainstream” rock music. Thus, it was known
Nat King Cole – Unforgettable Neil Sedaka for his unconventional practices such as
Matt Monroe – Portrait of my Love Diana Ross and the Supremes distorted guitar sounds, oppressive lyrics, and
Olivia Newton John defiant attitudes.
5. ROCK AND ROLL - was a hugely popular song Stevie Wonder Example:
form in the United States during the late Elton John You belong with me
1940’s to the 1960’s. It combined Afro- The Carpenters Shake it off
American forms such as the blues, jump Barry Manilow
blues, jazz, and gospel music with the CLASSICAL MUSIC MADE POPULAR
Western swing and country music. The lead Pop Superstars Solo Artists
instruments were the Celine Dion CROSSOVER PERFORMANCES:
piano and saxophone, but these were Madonna CLASSICAL AND POP - Combine classical compositions
eventually replaced by modern instruments. Whitney Houston with popular pieces such as jazz, rock and folk music
Mariah Carey in the same concert or recording.
Justin Timberlake
 OPERA GREATS Regine Velasquez Gerphil Flores
1. Luciano Pavarotti Ogie Alcasid
2. Placido Domingo B. PHILIPPINE POP MUSIC
3. Jose Carreras BETWEEN 1980s to 1990s, OPM WAS LED BY ARTISTS - Bobby Gonzales’ Hahabol-habol
4. Andrea Boccelli SUCH AS: - Rico J. Puno’s Luneta
Sharon Cuneta
PHILIPPINE POPULAR MUSIC Martin Nievera Proponents of Manila Sound
Gary Valenciano Hotdog
The one word that comes to mind when we think Lea Salonga Cinderella
of contemporary Philippine music is the type Regine Velasquez The Rainmakers
commonly termed as Original Pinoy Music or Original Ogie Alcasid APO Hiking Society
Philippine Music,or OPM for short. Vina Morales
Raymong Lauchengco C. PHILIPPINE JAZZ
A. OPM (ORIGINAL PHILIPPINE MUSIC) Pops Fernandez
Jose Mari Chan Latin Jazz Musicians
Among the classics (Between 1980s to 1990s) that Dingdong Avanzado Boy Katindig-Jazz pianist and recorded artist
emerged were those created by: Janno Gibbs Romy Katindig-jazz piano legend
Joey Albert Eddie Katindig-saxophonist
1. RYAN CAYABYAB (Kay Ganda ng Ating Manilyn Reynes
Musika, Kahit Ika’y Panaginip Lang) Filipino Jazz Musicians
2. GEORGE CANSECO (Kapantay ay Langit, IN 1990s, FAMOUS OPM SOLO ARTISTS: Lito Molina
Kastilyong Buhangin, Tubig at Langis) Jaya Angel Peña
3. WILLIE CRUZ (Sana’y Wala Nang Wakas, Donna Cruz Emil Mijares
Bituing Walang Ningning) Jessa Zaragoza Bobby Enriquez-Jazz pianist
4. JOSE MARI CHAN (Beautiful Girl, Please Be Ariel Rivera
Careful With my Heart, Constant Change) D. PHILIPPINES ALTERNATIVE FOLK MUSIC
5. GARY VALENCIANO (Sana Maulit Muli) SINGING GROUPS/BANDS
Smokey Mountain Composer who championed this style:
SOLO ARTISTS The Eraserheads Joey Ayala
Pilita Corales Southborder Grace Nono
Nora Aunor Afterimage Edru Abraham of Kontragapi
Basil Valdez Rivermaya
Celeste Legaspi Parokya Ni Edgar Filipino Composers whose styles ranged
Hajji Alejandro from folk to semi-ethnic:
Leah Navarro RECENTLY OPM STARS Freddie Aguilar-Anak
Kuh Ledesma Yeng Constantino Yoyoy Villame-Magellan
Sharon Cuneta Sarah Geronimo Florante-Ako’y Isang Pinoy
Martin Nievera Aisa Seguerra Gary Granada-Ka Bayani
Gary Valenciano Arnel Pineda
Zsa Zsa Padilla Charice Pempengco
E. PHILIPPINE ROCK Alliance Herminigildo Ranera
Letran Pages
Juan Dela Cruz Band-Ang Himig Natin VIOLINISTS:
Members: FILIPINO CLASSICAL PERFORMERS Gilopez Kabayao
Joey “Pepe” Smith Alfonso “Coke” Bolipata
Wally Gonzales Country’s Major Classical Performers Are Joseph Esmilla
Mike Hanopol-Jeproks SOPRANOS:
FLUTISTS:
Early Exponents of Pinoy Rock Fides Cuyugan-Asensio Antonio Maigue
Maria Cafra Evelyn Mandac
Heber Bartolome & his Banyuhay Band Irma Potenciano CELLIST:
Andion Fernandez Renato Lucas
Pinoy Rock Vocal Groups and Bands Rachelle Gerodias-Park
Rivermaya GUITARIST:
The Dawn TENORS: Michael Dadap
True Faith Jonathan Velasco
The Eraserheads Nolyn Cabahug
Wolfgang Ramon Ma. Acoymo
Bamboo Lemuel Dela Cruz
Parokya ni Edgar Arthur Espiritu
Hale
Sandwich BARITONE:
Sugar Free Andrew Fernando
Sponge Cola
INTERNATIONAL CONCERT PIANISTS:
F. PINOY RAP Cecile Licad
Rowena Arrieta
Francis Magalona Raul Sunico
- Mga Kababayan Ko & Watawat Rene Dalandan
- King of Pinoy Rap Reynaldo Reyes
Nena Del Rosario Villanueva
G. PINOY HIP HOP Ingrid Santamaria
Jovianney Emmanuel Cruz
A TEAM Rudolf Golez
Legit Status
Romancon CONDUCTORS:
Redentor Romero
Other teams Oscar Yatco
LSDC Street Julian Quirit
Rockstars Josefino Toledo