Questions 1 – 5 are based on the following passage.

New research out of Notre Dame is digging into why social media isn't always good for us, especially if
you're young and female. Working as an educator, Carmen Papaluca observed a worrying trend with her
students. In particular, social media was having a significant negative impact on her students' mental health.
For anyone who is a regular user of social media (which is most of us these days), this won't come as a
surprise. With everyone sharing their 'highlight reels', Carmen observed, young women find it particularly hard
to see their own lives or even their own bodies as good enough.
Wanting to understand more about the issue and what could be done, Carmen began a Ph.D. at the
University of Notre Dame. The focus of her research is Instagram use among young women aged 18 to 25.
One of the key findings of her work so far is that younger female Instagram users in her study (late teens and
early 20s) found that images on the app made them feel most badly about their bodies.
However, women who were slightly older (mid-20s) felt the inadequacy around their work and lifestyle.
In comparison to the images of the apparently fabulous social lives and careers of others on Instagram, they felt
that their own lives “lacked meaning.”
The blame of the perceived problems with new technologies gets put entirely on those new technologies.
But if we want to find a real solution to these problems, we need to dig a bit deeper. In other words, it's not just
Instagram that is the problem. It's the social pressures put on young women that have been part of our culture
for many years that are now becoming amplified by social media.

Adapted from https://phys.org/news/2018-01-instagram-affecting- mental-health.html

1. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) How social media destruct females’ life
(B) Bad sides of technology in human’s social life
(C) The negative effects of social media on
young women’s mental health
(D) The use of social media that apparently
decreases people’s standard behavior
(E) A study of how social media impact on their users
2. The paragraph following the passage will likely
talk about ....
(A) Instagram and its effect on body image
(B) technologies that impact human health
(C) impact of Instagram use in young women
(D) types of social pressure in our culture
(E) the social pressure to have an Instagram
3. In which paragraph does the writer state the
effect of social media on women’s body image?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 1 and 2
(D) 1 and 4
(E) 2 and 3
4. According to the passage, Instagram ....
(A) is used primarily by particularly young
women
(B) makes young women feel dissatisfied with
their body
(C) has both positive and negative implications
on people
(D) has become ingrained in the lives of
countless individuals
(E) is found to have the most negative effect on
people’s health
5. What most likely motivates the writer in writing
the passage?
(A) The information about the effect of social
media isn’t available.
(B) The use of social media is in a level of
endangering young females’ social lives.
(C) Not many people understand how to use
Instagram and other social media.
(D) There is a common misconception about
socal media use in society.
(E) Current studies on social media haven’t
reached any conclusions.

PROBLEM SET, B. INDONESIA, PPLS - RONIN, PERIODE 2, NURUL FIKRI hlm. 1

Questions 6 – 10 are based on the following passage.
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have
an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. Body mass
index (BMI), a measurement which compares weight and height, defines people as overweight (pre-obese)
when their BMI is between 25 kg/m2 and 30 kg/m2, and obese when it is greater than 30 kg/m2.
Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breathing
difficulties during sleep, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a
combination of excessive dietary calories, more physical activities, and genetic susceptibility, although a few
cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications or psychiatric illness. Evidence to
support the view that some obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is limited; on
average obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy
required to maintain an increased body mass.
The primary treatment for obesity is dieting and physical exercise. To supplement this, or in case of
failure, anti-obesity drugs may be taken to reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption. In severe cases, surgery is
performed or an intragastric balloon is placed to reduce stomach volume and/or bowel length, leading to
earlier satiation and reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food.
Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and
children, and authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Obesity
is stigmatized in much of the modern world (particularly in the Western world), though it was widely perceived
as a symbol of wealth and fertility at other times in history, and still is in some parts of the world.

6. The sentence “To supplement this, or in case of
failure, anti-obesity drugs may be taken to
reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption.” in
paragraph 3 can best be restated as ....
(A) anti-obesity drugs must be considered only
for those who have tried diet and exercise
(B) anti-obesity drugs can be useful adjuncts to
diet and exercise for those who have failed
to achieve weight loss with diet and
exercise.
(C) the best approach for weight reduction is to
use a supplement that can reduce appetite
or slow down fat absorption
(D) when dieting and physical exercise is
effective in losing weight, anti-obesity drugs
are no longer needed
(E) fat absorption and increased appetite can
be prevented by consuming anti-obesity
drugs
7. From this passage we can assume that ….
(A) people who barely eat a lot will never gain
weight
(B) genes and family history contribute to
obesity and other diseases
(C)BMI is a method for weight category that
measures body fat
(D) some people find it hard to achieve weight
loss through diet and exercise
(E) obesity is one of the most important public
health problems in certain countries
8. Which of the following obviously shows the
author's false idea in the passage?
(A) Body mass index (BMI) defines people as
overweight (pre-obese) when their BMI is
between 25 kg/m2 and 30 kg/m2.
(B) Obesity is most commonly caused by a
combination of excessive dietary calories,
more physical activities, and genetic
susceptibility.
(C)On average obese people have a greater
energy expenditure than their thin
counterparts.
(D)Surgery is performed to reduce stomach
volume and/or bowel length.
(E) Obesity is stigmatized in much of the
modern world.
9. The author’s attitude regarding obesity in the
passage is ....
(A) assertive
(B) objective
(C) pessimistic
(D) concerned
(E) reactive

PROBLEM SET, B. INDONESIA, PPLS - RONIN, PERIODE 2, NURUL FIKRI hlm. 2

10. What is the best summary of the passage?
(A) Obesity as the main preventable causes of
death can cause various diseases. Dieting
and physical exercise can prevent obesity.
(B) Obese people tend to have health problems.
The problems are considered as the 21th
century problems.
(C)Obesity leads to a shorter life because of the
increased health problems. Therefore,
people are advised to have a surgery.
(D)Obesity is widely considered as a symbol of
wealth. Therefore, many people who are
obese tend to be reluctant to go on a diet.
(E) Obese people eat little but easily gain
weight. To reduce their weight, they actually
do a lot of physical exercise.

Questions 11 – 15 are based on the following passage.

The application, games, and websites that are promoted as ‘educational’ are not always the best ones
for supporting learning. The fact that they are interactive does not necessarily mean that they are much better
than an old-fashioned workbook with its right and wrong answers. Children may enjoy these products for a
while but then get a bit bored. Thus, they are not the most appropriate or engaging way to learn.
Treat so-called ‘free’ application with caution. Some will expose your child to advertisement. Others are
designed to wait until your child is engaged in a game or storyline and then demand payment before they can
go any further. This can lead to frustration as young children do not understand why they cannot continue.
Sometimes it is better to make a small payment in advance if the application promises no further purchases.
However, some applications are free to download and completely free of advertisements or in-app purchases.
Choosing an app needs the same kind of thought and care you would put into buying anything else for
your child. Do not rely only on the star rating. Instead, read the user reviews and check the privacy policy if
you are worried about the personal information that the app might be collecting. If you want your child to
enjoy learning, develop curiosity, and think about thing s creatively, provide them with a range of games and
apps. Open-ended games have become progressively more challenging and encourage children to explore and
have fun. They are, therefore, more likely to establish a love of learning and to lay the foundation for their
future development.
Physical activity, reading, and other more ‘traditional’ activities continue to play a very important part in
children’s development. But, most parents do rely on screen devices from time to time to engage their child
while they are busy with something else. This is not a problem in itself, just as long as children’s time is made
up of a balanced range of activities.

11. The pronoun ‘they’ in the last sentence of
paragraph 1 refers to ….
(A) children
(B) these products
(C) old-fashioned workbook
(D) the application and games
(E) websites
12. The author explains busy parents’ reliance on
screen devices followed by ....
(A) the use of the devices correctly
(B) a problem related to children’s time
(C) a suggestion on how to deal with the issue
(D) parents’ responsibility to save their children
(E) the children’s need to have physical
activities
13. Regarding busy parents’ reliance on screen
devices to help keep their children entertained,
it can be inferred that….
(A) it is the parents’ responsibility to make their
children less engaged with screen devices
(B) children whose parents are busy with their
activities must use screen devices less
(C) parents need to be aware of their children’s
need for varied activities
(D) such parents’ reliance is acceptable as long
as the children are given the right
proportion of other
activities
(E) it is not tolerable as their children need to
have more physical activities

PROBLEM SET, B. INDONESIA, PPLS - RONIN, PERIODE 2, NURUL FIKRI hlm. 3

14. It is stated in the passage that .... 15. The word engaged in line 6 in the passage means ….
(A) open-ended games can stimulate children’s (A) shaded
love for learning (B) triggered
(B) some games and apps are boring because (C) involved
they are too easy (D) blocked
(C) there is no convincing prediction for the (E) reflected
future of the games and apps
(D) it is better to pay for games in advance so
that children can learn freely
(E) apps star rating provides users with reviews
on the good things of games and apps

Questions 16 – 18 are based on the following passage.

Ecotourism is defined as 'purposeful travel that creates an understanding of cultural and natural
history, while safeguarding the integrity of the ecosystem and producing economic benefits that
encourage conservation'. The definition recognizes that ecotourism is an important educational tool. Real life
exposure to a natural situation in the accompaniment of an experienced guide leads a greater increase in
knowledge than real life exposure without a guide, or exposure to a knowledgeable guide in an artificial
setting.
More than 50 years ago, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget studied the development of human cognitive
capability and its dynamic relationship with the physical world. He viewed cognitive development as an
interaction between physical maturation of the brain and environmentally induced changes in learning. He
observed that, as children grow, they proceed through a series of increasingly abstract thinking styles.
Piaget demonstrated that a primary motivation for learning is resolution of cognitive conflict, which he
described as 'disequilibrium'.
Borrowing upon principles of cognitive psychology, my colleagues and I have developed an
interpretive model for presenting information about marine mammals and their ocean environment
during whale-watch excursions in Hawaii and Australia. The model has more recently been extended to
include snorkeling excursions to coral reef areas near Maui, Hawaii.
Its application can be examined in the context of a typical 2.5 h commercial whale-watch trip aboard a
Pacific Whale Foundation passenger vessel to observe humpback whales in Hawaii. Each whale-watch trip is a
different venture, controlled by such variable factors as the number and type of passengers, weather
conditions, what the whales choose to do (or not to do, as the case may be), the type of vessel, and the
experience of the captain. Nonetheless, it is possible to view the trip as a structured experience, and to guide
participants through an educational sequence that has very clear goals and objectives that can be monitored
and evaluated over time.

16. What is the topic of the text?
(A) Definition of ecotourism
(B) Learning through excursions
(C) Ecotourism as learning resources
(D) Influences of environment in learning
induction
(E) Learning controlled by environmental
variables
17. The purpose of the text is to ….
(A) describe the development of an interpretive
model of ecotourism
(B) explain the influence of Piaget's cognitive
theory of learning on ecotourism
(C) show that ecotourism can be
interpreted contextually as excursions
(D) discuss the relevance of a learning theory
with ecotourism as education
(E) define ecotourism from theories of
learning and their application
18. Paragraph 4 implies that …
(A) an education is for fun
(B) the guide is the instructor
(C) the captain organizes the trip
(D) learning is through experiencing
(E) participants are evaluated at the end of
the trip

PROBLEM SET, B. INDONESIA, PPLS - RONIN, PERIODE 2, NURUL FIKRI hlm. 4

Questions 19 – 20 are based on the following passage.
Sugar impacts your white blood cells by competing for space in those cells with Vitamin C. Some
research in the 1970s discovered that white blood cells need Vitamin C to destroy bacteria and viruses. Sugar
and Vitamin C are similar in their chemical structure. When you eat sugar, it directly competes for space in
your immune cells with Vitamin C. The more sugar in your system, the less Vitamin C can get into your white
blood cells. Sugar does not help your immune system fight infection at all, resulting in weakened defense from
infection.
Eating more fresh fruits and vegetables is a great way to get immune boosting benefits from Vitamin C
and other phytonutrient found in fresh raw foods. The colours produced give you a clue of how they help the
immune system. Choose orange fruits and vegetables like carrots to get more beta carotene, the precursor
your body turns into Vitamin A. This nutrient helps your immune system by supporting healthy lungs and
lymph.
Do not stress about it if you find it hard to completely throw out the sugar and load up on fresh whole
fruits and veggies. Diet changes take time and if you want your new healthy habits to stick, be persistent as
you try switching out a large salad for that fast food sandwich at lunch. If you normally eat sweet processed
food likes donuts for breakfast, try replacing it with mixed fresh fruit and see how much better you feel
overtime. Your taste buds will need few weeks to get used to changes in what you are eating. Your body will
get over the cravings, which are actually a symptom of the deficiencies of empty foods until you have
nourished your body well for a time. In the long term, the more fresh whole foods you eat, the more energy
you will have and the stronger your immune system will be.

19. Based on the passage, it can be hypothesized
that our body’s immune system will get stronger
if ….
(A) we replace sugar with low sugar diet
(B) our diet consists of fresh fruits and
vegetables
(C) our food produces energy to convert
nutrients into vitamins
(D)we consume salads to replace sugar and fast
food
(E)we eat low-calorie food
20. The passage can be best summarized as
follows ….
(A) it is hard to replace sugar with fresh fruit and
vegetable for daily diet
(B) changing diet with salads for daily menu will
strengthen the body immune system
(C) vitamin A and C are the most needed
vitamins by our body to avoid sugar
addiction
(D) fresh fruit and vegetables can increase
vitamin intake to strengthen our immune
system
(E) vitamin C and sugar both taste sweet but
vitamin C contains nutrients needed by our
body.

PROBLEM SET, B. INDONESIA, PPLS - RONIN, PERIODE 2, NURUL FIKRI hlm. 5