Methods of Differentiation

Namrata Jaysinghani
❏ Ex-Bansal (Kota) Faculty
❏ Ex-Byjus faculty

❏ 7+ years Teaching Experience

❏ Online + Offline Experience

❏ Mentored 5000+ students

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Derivative of standard Function

𝑑
𝑑
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 0 sin 𝑥 = cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑑 cos 𝑥 = −sin 𝑥
𝑥𝑛 = 𝑛. 𝑥 𝑛−1 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑑 tan 𝑥 = sec 2 𝑥
ⅇ𝑥 = ⅇ𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑑 cot 𝑥 = −cosec 2 𝑥
𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑥 . ln 𝑎 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑑 1 sec 𝑥 = sec 𝑥. tan 𝑥
ln 𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑
𝑑 1 cosec 𝑥 = −cosec 𝑥. cot 𝑥
log 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥.ln 𝑎
 Derivative of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

𝑑 1 𝑑 1
sin−1 𝑥 = , −1 < 𝑥 < 1 cos −1 𝑥 =− , −1 < 𝑥 < 1
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥 2

𝑑 1 𝑑 1
tan −1
𝑥 = ,𝑥 ∈ ℝ cot −1 𝑥 = − ,𝑥 𝜖 ℝ
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2

𝑑 1 𝑑 −1
sec −1 𝑥 = , 𝑥 >1 cosec −1 𝑥 = , 𝑥 >1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1
Theorems on Differentiation

If 𝑦 = 𝑘 𝑓(𝑥) ,
then
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
= 𝑘. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘 . 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

If 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 ± 𝑔 𝑥 ,
then
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
= 𝑓 𝑥 ± 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 ± 𝑔′ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Theorems on Differentiation-Product and Quotient Rule

Product Rule

If 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 . 𝑔 𝑥 , then

𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
= 𝑓 𝑥 .𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑓 𝑥 . 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 . 𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑓 𝑥 . 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Quotient Rule

𝑓 𝑥
If 𝑦 = , then
𝑔 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑔 𝑥 . 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 − 𝑓 𝑥 . 𝑔′(𝑥)
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) 2
Theorems on Differentiation- Chain Rule

𝑦 = ln tan 𝑥
If 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑔 ℎ 𝑥 , then

𝑑𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
sec 3 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
𝑑𝑥
Saavdhani

𝑑𝑥 1
=
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥

𝑑2 𝑥 1
≠
But 𝑑 2 𝑦 𝑑 2 𝑦
𝑑2 𝑥
Note

𝑑𝑦
= 1 time differentiation = 1𝑠𝑡 derivative
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦
= 2 time differentiation = 2𝑛𝑑 derivative
𝑑2 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2
𝑑 𝑦 𝑑
Rem:- 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Question

𝟑 𝟒 𝝅 𝒅𝒚
If 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬−𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 , where 𝒙𝝐 𝟎, , then =?
𝟓 𝟓 𝟐 𝒅𝒙

3
A. 0 B. 1 C. D. sin 𝑥
5
Question

𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 then = ? if 𝑓 0 = 0 and 𝑓 ′ 0 = 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥=0
Question-HW

If 𝑓 1 = 1, 𝑓 ′ 1 = 3, then the derivative of 𝑓 𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑓(𝑥) 2

at 𝑥 = 1 is

A. 33 B. 12 C. 9 D. 15
Question-HW

If 𝑓 𝑥 ∶ −1,1 → 𝑅 is a differentiable function such that 𝑓 0 = −1,

𝑓 ′ 0 = −1 and 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 2𝑓 𝑥 + 2 ⋅ 2, find 𝑔′ 0 .
Question

𝑑𝑦
sin 𝑦 = 𝑥 ⋅ sin 𝑎 + 𝑦 , then find
𝑑𝑥

cos2 𝑎+𝑦 cos 𝑎 sin2 𝑎+𝑦 sin 𝑎

A. B. cos2 𝑎+𝑦
C. D.
cos 𝑎 sin 𝑎 sin2 𝑎+𝑦
Question

If 𝒇(𝒙) = [𝒙]{𝒙} + {𝒙}[𝒙] + 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝝅𝒙), where [·] and {.} represent the greatest integer function
𝟕
and the fractional part function respectively, then 𝒇′ is equal to
𝟐
𝝅
(A) 𝟑𝐥𝐧𝟑 + 𝟒
𝟑𝝅
(B) 𝟑𝐥𝐧𝟑 + 𝟒
𝟑
(C) 𝟑𝐥𝐧𝟑 + 𝝅 + 𝟒
𝟑
(D) 𝟑𝐥𝐧𝟑 + 𝟒
Question

Let 𝐟, 𝐠 and 𝐡 are differentiable functions. If 𝐟(𝟎) = 𝟏; 𝐠(𝟎) = 𝟐; 𝐡(𝟎) = 𝟑 and the
derivatives of their pair wise products at 𝐱 = 𝟎 are (𝒇𝒈)′ (𝟎) = 𝟔; (𝒈𝒉)′ (𝟎) = 𝟒 and
(𝒉𝒇)′ (𝟎) = 𝟓, then the value of (𝒇𝒈𝒉)′ (𝟎) is
Question

If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 1 4 𝑥−2 3 𝑥−3 2 then the value of 𝑓 ′′′ 1 + 𝑓 ′′ 2 + 𝑓 ′ 3 is

A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 6
Question

If 𝑓 𝑥 is an odd function in −∞, ∞ and 𝑓 ′ −1 = 5, then 𝑓 ′ 1 = ?

Derivative of Odd and Even Function
Question

If 𝑓"(𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥) where 𝑓 𝑥 is continuous double differentiable function and

𝑥 2 𝑥 2
𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓′ 𝑥 . If 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑓 +𝑔 and 𝐹 5 = 5, then 𝐹 10 = ?
2 2
Question-HW

Let f be a twice differentiable function such that 𝑓"(𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥) , 𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)
and ℎ 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 2 + 𝑔 𝑥 2 . Find ℎ 10 if ℎ 5 = 11.
Logarithmic Differentiation

When to use

More than 2 functions are multiplied or divided.

Fractional degree is used.
𝑔(𝑥)
In 𝑓 𝑥 types questions.

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥
Question

1 1
𝑥 ൗ2 5−2𝑥 ൗ3
Differentiate 𝑓 𝑥 = 7 2
4−5𝑥 ൗ3 7−4𝑥 ൗ9
Question-HW

𝑚 𝑚 𝑚+𝑛 𝑑𝑦
If 𝑥 ⋅𝑦 = 𝑥+𝑦 , then find
𝑑𝑥
Shortcut

𝑔 𝑥
𝑦= 𝑓 𝑥

𝑔 𝑥 𝑑
𝑦′ = 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 ln 𝑓 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
Implicit Differentiation

𝑥(sin 𝑦) + 𝑦 = 3
Question
1
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 3
Let 𝑥 𝑘 + 𝑦 𝑘 = 𝑎𝑘 , 𝑎, 𝑘 > 0 and + = 0 , then 𝑘 is : JEE Main
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
2020
3 4
A. B.
2 3

1 2
C. D.
3 3
Shortcut

𝑑𝑦
𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 − 3𝑥𝑦 = 0 then =?
𝑑𝑥
Shortcut

Differentiate 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0
Question

Let 𝑦 be an implicit function of 𝑥 defined by 𝑥 2𝑥 − 2𝑥 𝑥 cot 𝑦 − 1 = 0.

′
Then 𝑦 1 = AIEEE 2009

A. −1 B. 1 C. log 2 D. − log 2
Question-Parametric Differentiation

𝑑𝑦
If 𝑥 = 𝑎 sin 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑎 cos 𝜃 , then find 𝑑𝑥
Question

𝑡 𝑑𝑦
If 𝑥 = 𝑎 cos 𝑡 + ln tan , 𝑦 = 𝑎 sin 𝑡 then = ______
2 𝑑𝑥
Question

𝑑2 𝑥
equals :
𝑑𝑦 2
IIT JEE 2007

−1 𝑑𝑦 −3
𝑑2 𝑦
−1 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 −3 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 −2 𝑑2 𝑦
A. B. − 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
C. 𝑑𝑥 2
D. − 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
Higher Order Derivatives

If 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 ,
𝑑𝑦
then = 𝑦 ′ = 𝑦1 = 𝑓′ First order derivative
𝑑𝑥

𝑑2𝑦
= 𝑦" = 𝑦2 = 𝑓" Second order derivative
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑
= 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑓"(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Question

−1
If 𝑦 = ⅇ tan 𝑥 , then 1 + 𝑥 2 2 𝑦2 + 2𝑥𝑦1 1 + 𝑥 2 = ?
Question

𝜋 𝜋
If 𝑦 2 + ln cos 2 𝑥 = 𝑦 , 𝑥 𝜖 − , . Then
2 2 JEE Main Sept 2020

A. 𝑦 ′ 0 + 𝑦 ′′ 0 =3

B. 𝑦 ′′ 0 =2

C. 𝑦 ′ 0 + 𝑦 ′′ 0 =1

D. 𝑦 ′′ 0 =0
Question: Infinite Series

𝑑𝑦
𝑦= 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑥 + ⋯ ∞ , then =?
𝑑𝑥
Question: Infinite Series

1
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥+ , then find 𝑓 2021 ⋅ 𝑓 ′ 2021
1
2𝑥 + 1
2𝑥 + 2𝑥 + ⋯ ∞
Question: Derivative of one function w.r.t. other

Find the derivative of : 𝑦 = ln 𝑥 with respect to ⅇ 𝑥

Question: Derivative of one function w.r.t. other

−1
sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 𝑥 𝜋
The derivative of tan , with respect to , where 𝑥𝜖 0, is :
sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 2 2

JEE Main April 2019

1 2
A. B. C. 2 D. 1
2 3
Inverse Function

If 𝑓 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) are differentiable functions , such that 𝑓 −1 𝑥 = 𝑔(𝑥)

Question

𝑥
If the function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥3 + ⅇ and 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) , then the value of 𝑔′ 1 is :
2
Question

1
If 𝑔 is inverse of a function 𝑓 and 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = , then 𝑔′ 𝑥 = ?
1+𝑥 5
JEE Main 2014
1
A. 5𝑥 4 B. 1+(𝑔 𝑥 )5
1 + (𝑔 𝑥 )5 D. 1 + 𝑥 5
Question

𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = sec tan−1 𝑥 , then at 𝑥 = 1 is :
𝑑𝑥
JEE Main 2013

1 1
A. B. 2
C. 1 D. 2
2
Standard Substitution

Form Substitution

𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 , 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2

𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 , 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2

𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 , 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2

𝑎+𝑥 𝑎+𝑥
,
𝑎−𝑥 𝑎−𝑥
Question

1+𝑥 2 −1 𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = tan−1 , then find when −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 2 1 𝑥
A. B. 1+4𝑥 2 C. 2(1+𝑥 2 ) D. 1+𝑥 2
1+𝑥 2
Question

𝑑𝑦
If 1 − 𝑥 2 + 1 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑦 , then =?
𝑑𝑥
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Complete Notes and Lecture

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