CPM_20870

B4
Ms. Anuruddhika Jayathilaka
Case 01
0774395708

Question No 1

Dewmi Jayarathne adhered to the system approach.

Question No 2

Dewmi Jayarathne is the founder of A&Y Bakers. which manufactures a wide range of
bakery products. Furthermore, they have a wide range of stakeholders. Moreover, they
are working together to achieve a common goal because they target to win the Best
Baker Award 2020.

According to the case, we can determine that dewmi's adhered approach is the system
approach. The system approach is management views the organization as a unified,
purposeful system composed of interrelated parts. Furthermore, there are some key
concepts in the system approach: system, subsystem, flow, system boundary, open
system, closed system, entropy, and synergy.

So, in the given situation, Dewmi sees the organization as a system, and she has clearly
defined herself and the staff as parts of the A&Y system. Therefore, it is associated with
the 'system' concept.

Moreover, she divided the staff into two teams and separately set the targets. One team
oversees savoury bakery items, and the other team oversees baking confectionary items.
Therefore, we can consider that staff is the ‘subsystem’ of the A&Y system.

Furthermore, A&Y bakers have routinized processes, where ingredients are sourced,
warehoused. In other words, they have a flow of ingredients, a flow of energy, and a
routinized process. Thus, it is related to the ‘flow’ concept.

Another thing is that customers can purchase bakery items manually and through their
website. Thus, we can determine that business is open to the external environment. So,
it is related to the 'open system' concept.

Lastly, Dewmi has established goals for the two employee groups to increase individual
production. However, it creates personal conflicts, which reduce the production and the

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CPM_20870
B4
Ms. Anuruddhika Jayathilaka
Case 01
0774395708

overall productivity of A&Y Bakers. Therefore, to avoid conflicts, she followed

entropy & synergy concepts. Which is Instead of having two separate employee
groups and individual goals, Dewmi decided to involve employees in the overall
production process and increase coordination.

Question No 3

Identify stakeholder is significant because they make critical decisions that may
affect the organization. Therefore, the organization should have a clear understanding
of stakeholders. So, A&Y bakers have a wide range of stakeholders, which can be
identified as employees, customers, suppliers, and the community as the
stakeholders in the organization.

Once the organization identifies its stakeholders and their importance to the
organization, it can start planning their needs and expectations. For example, customers
of A&Y bakers expect quality bakery products reasonably, and they expect to make a
satisfied customer base.

Then, Employees in A&Y bakers expect good working conditions without conflicts and
job security and job security, and the business expects to improve productivity and
efficiency by maintaining employee satisfaction.

Then suppliers are concerned with revenue from the sale of those goods and safety from
A&Y bakers. Furthermore, the business expects Competitive costs and quality raw
materials from suppliers such as wheat flour, Yeast.

Lastly, the community is expecting social welfare. That is to ensure social concepts run
the business. For example, if the bakery products are how much affecting their health.
as well as the business was concerned about the community's wants, such as the biscuit
flavours they prefer to diversify their products.

In conclusion, it is essential to fulfilling stakeholders' needs because their influence and

power can affect the success or failure of an organization. Therefore, the organization
must aim to please all stakeholders, avoiding and conflict of interest.

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CPM_20870
B4
Ms. Anuruddhika Jayathilaka
Case 02
0774395708

Question No 1

 Narendran used is the Human resource perspective theory under the behavioral
approach.
 Mahendran used Scientific management theory under the classical perspective.

Question No 2

SAM Holdings started from three machine operators initially and has expanded to
become one of the top apparel manufacturers of the country under the leadership of
Narendran. However, after the passed away Narendran, his son Mahendran took over
the company.

Firstly, Narendran adhered to the human resource perspective. It recognized the worker
as the essential resource of the organization and addresses all their needs for
performance enhancement. So, according to the case, Narendra treated his employees
as part of his family, recognized their needs, paid them well, engaged with employees
seeking their ideas, and recognized their grievances and complaints. For this reason, we
can consider Narendra emphasized human factor and their Behaviours.

However, under the leadership of Mahendran, he followed Scientific management

theory. The theory is concerned with increasing operational efficiencies through the
systematic and scientific study of work methods, tools, and performance standards.
Moreover, it has assumed that economic man, one best work method, and Workers can
do a work prescribed by the scientific method. So, according to the case, Mahendran's
focus was on improving the performance of each worker. It is the foremost essential in
scientific management theory. Also, he appointed a new engineer to observe the factory
floor production lines to develop standard methods to perform each task, gave
production targets for each production line, and linked the employees' pay with the
output they produced.

Lastly, he instructed his first-line supervisors to be very strict on employees and

eliminate idle time to maintain a systematic relationship. Therefore, we can identify
Mahendran's practice the Scientific management theory.
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CPM_20870
B4
Ms. Anuruddhika Jayathilaka
Case 02
0774395708

Question No 3

Mahendran emphasized principles, structures, and methods in the given scenario but
not on human needs and behaviours. Because of these reasons, SAM Holdings has to
face these problems.

Firstly, employees may step down because of a lack of concern for them. Especially,
Trained employees. However, we cannot overcome this issue by entering new
employees' workplaces because we must pay the costs of training new employees.
Therefore, it takes them longer to achieve the desired level of performance. As well as
cut down all bonuses, plans to cut future pay increases if targets are not met. So, this
leads to unmotivated and lack of performance from employees.

To overcome these issues, I would suggest that action should take to retain trained
employees, maintain employees' satisfaction, and consider their social and
psychological needs. For example, provide a platform for employees to speak their
minds freely within the organization, never threaten an employee's job or income, make
employees feel appreciated, and provide fairness and fair treatment to the employees.

Then, continuing to follow that strict management method is increased the scrap rate.
Because it lowers employee morale and may even cause stress in some employees,
eventually they will hate their jobs, resulting in a higher scrap rate. Furthermore, it leads
to absenteeism.

To overcome the problem, I recommend Instead conducting strict management

supervision. They must focus on employees' social and psychological needs, rather than
viewing them as a slave or machines. Furthermore, they can allow employees to have
a say in how work is done or act as a coach who provides positive reinforcement to
employees, which can help managers improve worker morale.

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CPM_20870
B4
Ms. Anuruddhika Jayathilaka
Case 03
0774395708

Question No 1

Shemas Holdings PLC is a well-established company in Sri Lanka, and it consists of

Shemas Pharmaceuticals, Shemas Travel and Tourism, Shemas Movie Theatres,
Shemas Clothing, and Shemas Supermarkets. Furthermore, they are going through the
sudden impact of COVID 19, and they are facing such a challenge for the first time.

As a result of having the number of business areas in Shemas Holding, it has a wide
range of stakeholders.

In this case, is a discussion between the CEO & CFO. Firstly, managers are essential
to the business. MS. Serina is the first female group CEO, and there is a financial officer
(CFO) of Shemas Holding. So, in the sudden impact of the COVID 19 situation, we can
see how CEO and CFO are searching for alternative solutions to face the pandemic.
However, it will not be easy to manage these situations. Their main force is to succeed
in business by facing this challenge well.

Then the customer is another most essential factor to the business. As a result of the
COIVD 19, when the supply of raw materials was not delivered on time, which reduced
the supply and reduced productivity. So, this affected ability of businesses to the
satisfaction of the customer.

Then In this discussion, the CEO & CFO mention employees. Those outside the pool
of skills should be discontinued some of the employee's contracts, and it will reduce the
labour cost in the business.

Then the CFO also states that the relief received on pharmaceuticals & medical
equipment imports may cause delays in imports because of supply disruptions. So, we
can determine the suppliers as a stakeholder.

Lastly, they mention the Government due to the rapid spread of the COVID 19 virus.
They have established various public health measures: travel restrictions, social
distancing etc. So, we can determine that the Government is another stakeholder which
affects the business. For a successful business, all of these stakeholders should be taken
into account.

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CPM_20870
B4
Ms. Anuruddhika Jayathilaka
Case 03
0774395708

Question No 2

Business all around the world has a significant impact from the pandemic outbreak
including the Shemas Holdings. They are going through the sudden impact of COVID
19, and they are facing such a challenge for the first time. Therefore, to face this
situation, Ms. Serina can use SWOT analysis to understand and analyze the
environment.

A SWOT analysis is a technique for identifying and defining an organization's

strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Moreover, it assists in constructing
what is good, address what is lacking, minimize risks, and increase chances of success.
Also, the organizational environment's strengths and weaknesses are within the
organizational environment, and the threats and opportunities are outside the
organizational environment.

Firstly, the internal environment, the strengths that we can identify is the Shemas
holding cutdown to unnecessary labour. Hence it will lower the labour cost.
Furthermore, they have talented managers and workers, including a very talented,
driven leader and the 30-plus year experienced Ms. Serina. So, she can use these to face
the threats, lower the weakness, and make use of the opportunities.

Then, the weakness we can identify is that when employees are working from home, it
is difficult to manage and monitor performance. As a result, It decreases their
effectiveness because some employees might prefer the routine and structure work
environment.

Secondly, moving to the external environmental factors due to the pandemic situation,
pharmaceutical drugs and medical equipment demand increased. Since Shemas have a
pharmaceuticals business, it may provide opportunities to the organization.

Then, the threats we can determine are since Government established rules, and
regulations for health concerns such as nationwide curfews, travel bans, and border
closures. Moreover, the increase of the financial problem, Global Economic Downturn,
Customer's lifestyle were downturns due to the covid 19. Furthermore, the raw material

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CPM_20870
B4
Ms. Anuruddhika Jayathilaka
Case 03
0774395708

imports will be delayed or restricted due to supply-side disruptions. So, she must use
her overall strengths to face and overcome the challenges.

Finally, Ms. Serina can use a SWOT analysis to develop overall business strategies and
exercises to maximize the positive influences in the organization and minimize the
negative ones. Such as she can use those strengths to maximize the opportunities and
use that same strength to minimize the organization's threats. Furthermore, she can use
opportunities to develop strategies that will minimize weaknesses.

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