Essential Calculus

The Derivatives, RL1.2.2

Dr Mayank Goel

Department of Mathematics
BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Outline

1 Derivatives Using Definition

2 Notations

3 Techniques of Differentiation

4 Examples

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Example
Example
1
Find the derivative of f (x) = x+1 .

f (x+h)−f (x)
RHD = limh→0 h
1/(x+h+1)−1/(x+1)
= limh→0 h
−1
= (x+1)2

f (x)−f (x−h)
LHD = limh→0 h
−1
= (x+1)2

Since LHD = RHD for all real values of x except at x = −1, hence
derivative of f with respect to x exists for all real x except x = −1,
0
−1
and is given by f (x) = (x+1) 2.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Example
Example
1
Find the derivative of f (x) = x+1 .

f (x+h)−f (x)
RHD = limh→0 h
1/(x+h+1)−1/(x+1)
= limh→0 h
−1
= (x+1)2

f (x)−f (x−h)
LHD = limh→0 h
−1
= (x+1)2

Since LHD = RHD for all real values of x except at x = −1, hence
derivative of f with respect to x exists for all real x except x = −1,
0
−1
and is given by f (x) = (x+1) 2.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Example
Example
1
Find the derivative of f (x) = x+1 .

f (x+h)−f (x)
RHD = limh→0 h
1/(x+h+1)−1/(x+1)
= limh→0 h
−1
= (x+1)2

f (x)−f (x−h)
LHD = limh→0 h
−1
= (x+1)2

Since LHD = RHD for all real values of x except at x = −1, hence
derivative of f with respect to x exists for all real x except x = −1,
0
−1
and is given by f (x) = (x+1) 2.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Example
Example
1
Find the derivative of f (x) = x+1 .

f (x+h)−f (x)
RHD = limh→0 h
1/(x+h+1)−1/(x+1)
= limh→0 h
−1
= (x+1)2

f (x)−f (x−h)
LHD = limh→0 h
−1
= (x+1)2

Since LHD = RHD for all real values of x except at x = −1, hence
derivative of f with respect to x exists for all real x except x = −1,
0
−1
and is given by f (x) = (x+1) 2.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Example
Example
1
Find the derivative of f (x) = x+1 .

f (x+h)−f (x)
RHD = limh→0 h
1/(x+h+1)−1/(x+1)
= limh→0 h
−1
= (x+1)2

f (x)−f (x−h)
LHD = limh→0 h
−1
= (x+1)2

Since LHD = RHD for all real values of x except at x = −1, hence
derivative of f with respect to x exists for all real x except x = −1,
0
−1
and is given by f (x) = (x+1) 2.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Example
Example
1
Find the derivative of f (x) = x+1 .

f (x+h)−f (x)
RHD = limh→0 h
1/(x+h+1)−1/(x+1)
= limh→0 h
−1
= (x+1)2

f (x)−f (x−h)
LHD = limh→0 h
−1
= (x+1)2

Since LHD = RHD for all real values of x except at x = −1, hence
derivative of f with respect to x exists for all real x except x = −1,
0
−1
and is given by f (x) = (x+1) 2.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Example
Example
1
Find the derivative of f (x) = x+1 .

f (x+h)−f (x)
RHD = limh→0 h
1/(x+h+1)−1/(x+1)
= limh→0 h
−1
= (x+1)2

f (x)−f (x−h)
LHD = limh→0 h
−1
= (x+1)2

Since LHD = RHD for all real values of x except at x = −1, hence
derivative of f with respect to x exists for all real x except x = −1,
0
−1
and is given by f (x) = (x+1) 2.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Example
Example
Find the derivative of f (x) = sin x.
f (x+h)−f (x)
RHD = limh→0 h

sin (x+h)−sin x
= limh→0 h

sin x cos h+sin h cos x−sin x

= limh→0 h

cos h−1 sin h


 

= sin x limh→0 h + cos x limh→0 h

= cos x

0
Hence, f (x) = cos x.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Example
Example
Find the derivative of f (x) = sin x.
f (x+h)−f (x)
RHD = limh→0 h

sin (x+h)−sin x
= limh→0 h

sin x cos h+sin h cos x−sin x

= limh→0 h

cos h−1 sin h


 

= sin x limh→0 h + cos x limh→0 h

= cos x

0
Hence, f (x) = cos x.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Example
Example
Find the derivative of f (x) = sin x.
f (x+h)−f (x)
RHD = limh→0 h

sin (x+h)−sin x
= limh→0 h

sin x cos h+sin h cos x−sin x

= limh→0 h

cos h−1 sin h


 

= sin x limh→0 h + cos x limh→0 h

= cos x

0
Hence, f (x) = cos x.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Example
Example
Find the derivative of f (x) = sin x.
f (x+h)−f (x)
RHD = limh→0 h

sin (x+h)−sin x
= limh→0 h

sin x cos h+sin h cos x−sin x

= limh→0 h

cos h−1 sin h


 

= sin x limh→0 h + cos x limh→0 h

= cos x

0
Hence, f (x) = cos x.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Example
Example
Find the derivative of f (x) = sin x.
f (x+h)−f (x)
RHD = limh→0 h

sin (x+h)−sin x
= limh→0 h

sin x cos h+sin h cos x−sin x

= limh→0 h

cos h−1 sin h


 

= sin x limh→0 h + cos x limh→0 h

= cos x

0
Hence, f (x) = cos x.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Example
Example
Find the derivative of f (x) = sin x.
f (x+h)−f (x)
RHD = limh→0 h

sin (x+h)−sin x
= limh→0 h

sin x cos h+sin h cos x−sin x

= limh→0 h

cos h−1 sin h


 

= sin x limh→0 h + cos x limh→0 h

= cos x

0
Hence, f (x) = cos x.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Example
Example
Find the derivative of f (x) = sin x.
f (x+h)−f (x)
RHD = limh→0 h

sin (x+h)−sin x
= limh→0 h

sin x cos h+sin h cos x−sin x

= limh→0 h

cos h−1 sin h


 

= sin x limh→0 h + cos x limh→0 h

= cos x

0
Hence, f (x) = cos x.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Notations
Process for finding derivative is called the differentiation.

We can think differentiation as an operation, when applied to a

0
function f , produces a new function f .

In case where the independent variable is x, the differentiation

d
operation is denoted by the symbol dx [f (x)].

The derivative of f (x) with respect to x is

d 0
[f (x)] = f (x).
dx
We can express result from the previous example as ”derivative of
sin x with respect to x” i.e.
d
sin x = cos x.
dx

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Notations
Process for finding derivative is called the differentiation.

We can think differentiation as an operation, when applied to a

0
function f , produces a new function f .

In case where the independent variable is x, the differentiation

d
operation is denoted by the symbol dx [f (x)].

The derivative of f (x) with respect to x is

d 0
[f (x)] = f (x).
dx
We can express result from the previous example as ”derivative of
sin x with respect to x” i.e.
d
sin x = cos x.
dx

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Notations
Process for finding derivative is called the differentiation.

We can think differentiation as an operation, when applied to a

0
function f , produces a new function f .

In case where the independent variable is x, the differentiation

d
operation is denoted by the symbol dx [f (x)].

The derivative of f (x) with respect to x is

d 0
[f (x)] = f (x).
dx
We can express result from the previous example as ”derivative of
sin x with respect to x” i.e.
d
sin x = cos x.
dx

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Notations
Process for finding derivative is called the differentiation.

We can think differentiation as an operation, when applied to a

0
function f , produces a new function f .

In case where the independent variable is x, the differentiation

d
operation is denoted by the symbol dx [f (x)].

The derivative of f (x) with respect to x is

d 0
[f (x)] = f (x).
dx
We can express result from the previous example as ”derivative of
sin x with respect to x” i.e.
d
sin x = cos x.
dx

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Notations
Process for finding derivative is called the differentiation.

We can think differentiation as an operation, when applied to a

0
function f , produces a new function f .

In case where the independent variable is x, the differentiation

d
operation is denoted by the symbol dx [f (x)].

The derivative of f (x) with respect to x is

d 0
[f (x)] = f (x).
dx
We can express result from the previous example as ”derivative of
sin x with respect to x” i.e.
d
sin x = cos x.
dx

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Differentiation Rules
Let two function f and g differentiable at x, then using the same
technique as did in the previous example, we can develop following
commonly used rules.
1 For any constant function f , i.e. for f (x) = c, the derivative
0
f (x) = 0.
d n
2 If n is any rational number, then dx [x ] = nx n−1 .
d d
3
dx [cf (x)] = c dx [f (x)], where c is any constant.
d d d
4
dx [f (x) ± g(x)] = dx [f (x)] ± dx [g(x)]
d d d
5 Product rule dx [f (x) × g(x)] = g(x) dx [f (x)] + f (x) dx [g(x)]
d d
h i
d f (x) g(x) dx [f (x)]−f (x) dx [g(x)]
6 Quotient rule dx g(x) = [g(x)]2

7 Chain Rule: Derivative of f (g(x)) with respect to x is given by

df (g(x)) dg(x)
dg(x) × dx .
Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus
Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Differentiation Rules
Let two function f and g differentiable at x, then using the same
technique as did in the previous example, we can develop following
commonly used rules.
1 For any constant function f , i.e. for f (x) = c, the derivative
0
f (x) = 0.
d n
2 If n is any rational number, then dx [x ] = nx n−1 .
d d
3
dx [cf (x)] = c dx [f (x)], where c is any constant.
d d d
4
dx [f (x) ± g(x)] = dx [f (x)] ± dx [g(x)]
d d d
5 Product rule dx [f (x) × g(x)] = g(x) dx [f (x)] + f (x) dx [g(x)]
d d
h i
d f (x) g(x) dx [f (x)]−f (x) dx [g(x)]
6 Quotient rule dx g(x) = [g(x)]2

7 Chain Rule: Derivative of f (g(x)) with respect to x is given by

df (g(x)) dg(x)
dg(x) × dx .
Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus
Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Differentiation Rules
Let two function f and g differentiable at x, then using the same
technique as did in the previous example, we can develop following
commonly used rules.
1 For any constant function f , i.e. for f (x) = c, the derivative
0
f (x) = 0.
d n
2 If n is any rational number, then dx [x ] = nx n−1 .
d d
3
dx [cf (x)] = c dx [f (x)], where c is any constant.
d d d
4
dx [f (x) ± g(x)] = dx [f (x)] ± dx [g(x)]
d d d
5 Product rule dx [f (x) × g(x)] = g(x) dx [f (x)] + f (x) dx [g(x)]
d d
h i
d f (x) g(x) dx [f (x)]−f (x) dx [g(x)]
6 Quotient rule dx g(x) = [g(x)]2

7 Chain Rule: Derivative of f (g(x)) with respect to x is given by

df (g(x)) dg(x)
dg(x) × dx .
Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus
Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Differentiation Rules
Let two function f and g differentiable at x, then using the same
technique as did in the previous example, we can develop following
commonly used rules.
1 For any constant function f , i.e. for f (x) = c, the derivative
0
f (x) = 0.
d n
2 If n is any rational number, then dx [x ] = nx n−1 .
d d
3
dx [cf (x)] = c dx [f (x)], where c is any constant.
d d d
4
dx [f (x) ± g(x)] = dx [f (x)] ± dx [g(x)]
d d d
5 Product rule dx [f (x) × g(x)] = g(x) dx [f (x)] + f (x) dx [g(x)]
d d
h i
d f (x) g(x) dx [f (x)]−f (x) dx [g(x)]
6 Quotient rule dx g(x) = [g(x)]2

7 Chain Rule: Derivative of f (g(x)) with respect to x is given by

df (g(x)) dg(x)
dg(x) × dx .
Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus
Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Differentiation Rules
Let two function f and g differentiable at x, then using the same
technique as did in the previous example, we can develop following
commonly used rules.
1 For any constant function f , i.e. for f (x) = c, the derivative
0
f (x) = 0.
d n
2 If n is any rational number, then dx [x ] = nx n−1 .
d d
3
dx [cf (x)] = c dx [f (x)], where c is any constant.
d d d
4
dx [f (x) ± g(x)] = dx [f (x)] ± dx [g(x)]
d d d
5 Product rule dx [f (x) × g(x)] = g(x) dx [f (x)] + f (x) dx [g(x)]
d d
h i
d f (x) g(x) dx [f (x)]−f (x) dx [g(x)]
6 Quotient rule dx g(x) = [g(x)]2

7 Chain Rule: Derivative of f (g(x)) with respect to x is given by

df (g(x)) dg(x)
dg(x) × dx .
Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus
Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Differentiation Rules
Let two function f and g differentiable at x, then using the same
technique as did in the previous example, we can develop following
commonly used rules.
1 For any constant function f , i.e. for f (x) = c, the derivative
0
f (x) = 0.
d n
2 If n is any rational number, then dx [x ] = nx n−1 .
d d
3
dx [cf (x)] = c dx [f (x)], where c is any constant.
d d d
4
dx [f (x) ± g(x)] = dx [f (x)] ± dx [g(x)]
d d d
5 Product rule dx [f (x) × g(x)] = g(x) dx [f (x)] + f (x) dx [g(x)]
d d
h i
d f (x) g(x) dx [f (x)]−f (x) dx [g(x)]
6 Quotient rule dx g(x) = [g(x)]2

7 Chain Rule: Derivative of f (g(x)) with respect to x is given by

df (g(x)) dg(x)
dg(x) × dx .
Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus
Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Differentiation Rules
Let two function f and g differentiable at x, then using the same
technique as did in the previous example, we can develop following
commonly used rules.
1 For any constant function f , i.e. for f (x) = c, the derivative
0
f (x) = 0.
d n
2 If n is any rational number, then dx [x ] = nx n−1 .
d d
3
dx [cf (x)] = c dx [f (x)], where c is any constant.
d d d
4
dx [f (x) ± g(x)] = dx [f (x)] ± dx [g(x)]
d d d
5 Product rule dx [f (x) × g(x)] = g(x) dx [f (x)] + f (x) dx [g(x)]
d d
h i
d f (x) g(x) dx [f (x)]−f (x) dx [g(x)]
6 Quotient rule dx g(x) = [g(x)]2

7 Chain Rule: Derivative of f (g(x)) with respect to x is given by

df (g(x)) dg(x)
dg(x) × dx .
Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus
Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Differentiation Rules
Let two function f and g differentiable at x, then using the same
technique as did in the previous example, we can develop following
commonly used rules.
1 For any constant function f , i.e. for f (x) = c, the derivative
0
f (x) = 0.
d n
2 If n is any rational number, then dx [x ] = nx n−1 .
d d
3
dx [cf (x)] = c dx [f (x)], where c is any constant.
d d d
4
dx [f (x) ± g(x)] = dx [f (x)] ± dx [g(x)]
d d d
5 Product rule dx [f (x) × g(x)] = g(x) dx [f (x)] + f (x) dx [g(x)]
d d
h i
d f (x) g(x) dx [f (x)]−f (x) dx [g(x)]
6 Quotient rule dx g(x) = [g(x)]2

7 Chain Rule: Derivative of f (g(x)) with respect to x is given by

df (g(x)) dg(x)
dg(x) × dx .
Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus
Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Results
0 0
f (x) f (x) f (x) f (x)
ex ex arcsin x √1
1−x 2
1
ln x x arccos x −√ 1
1−x 2
a x x
a ln x arccsc x − √1
|x| x 2 −1
sin x cos x arcsec x √1
|x| x 2 −1
1
cos x − sin x arctan x 1+x 2
1
tan x sec2 x arccot x − 1+x 2

csc x − csc x cot x sinh x cosh x

sec x sec x tan x cosh x sinh x
cot x csc2 x tanh x 1 − tanh2 x
csch x −coth x csch x sech x − tanh x sech x
coth x 1 − coth2 x

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples

Example
Find dy /dx if
y = 1 + 10 cos (x 4 + x 2 + 1)

dy d d
dx = dx [1] + 10 dx [cos (x 4 + x 2 + 1)]

d d
= 0 + 10 du [cos u] × dx [u]

d 4
= −10 sin u × dx [x + x 2 + 1]

d 4 d 2 d


= −10 sin u × dx [x ] + dx [x ] + dx [1]

= −10 4x 3 + 2x sin (x 4 + x 2 + 1)

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples

Example
Find dy /dx if
y = 1 + 10 cos (x 4 + x 2 + 1)

dy d d
dx = dx [1] + 10 dx [cos (x 4 + x 2 + 1)]

d d
= 0 + 10 du [cos u] × dx [u]

d 4
= −10 sin u × dx [x + x 2 + 1]

d 4 d 2 d


= −10 sin u × dx [x ] + dx [x ] + dx [1]

= −10 4x 3 + 2x sin (x 4 + x 2 + 1)

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples

Example
Find dy /dx if
y = 1 + 10 cos (x 4 + x 2 + 1)

dy d d
dx = dx [1] + 10 dx [cos (x 4 + x 2 + 1)]

d d
= 0 + 10 du [cos u] × dx [u]

d 4
= −10 sin u × dx [x + x 2 + 1]

d 4 d 2 d


= −10 sin u × dx [x ] + dx [x ] + dx [1]

= −10 4x 3 + 2x sin (x 4 + x 2 + 1)

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples

Example
Find dy /dx if
y = 1 + 10 cos (x 4 + x 2 + 1)

dy d d
dx = dx [1] + 10 dx [cos (x 4 + x 2 + 1)]

d d
= 0 + 10 du [cos u] × dx [u]

d 4
= −10 sin u × dx [x + x 2 + 1]

d 4 d 2 d


= −10 sin u × dx [x ] + dx [x ] + dx [1]

= −10 4x 3 + 2x sin (x 4 + x 2 + 1)

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples

Example
Find dy /dx if
y = 1 + 10 cos (x 4 + x 2 + 1)

dy d d
dx = dx [1] + 10 dx [cos (x 4 + x 2 + 1)]

d d
= 0 + 10 du [cos u] × dx [u]

d 4
= −10 sin u × dx [x + x 2 + 1]

d 4 d 2 d


= −10 sin u × dx [x ] + dx [x ] + dx [1]

= −10 4x 3 + 2x sin (x 4 + x 2 + 1)

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples

Example
Find dy /dx if
y = 1 + 10 cos (x 4 + x 2 + 1)

dy d d
dx = dx [1] + 10 dx [cos (x 4 + x 2 + 1)]

d d
= 0 + 10 du [cos u] × dx [u]

d 4
= −10 sin u × dx [x + x 2 + 1]

d 4 d 2 d


= −10 sin u × dx [x ] + dx [x ] + dx [1]

= −10 4x 3 + 2x sin (x 4 + x 2 + 1)

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples

Example
sin x
Find dy /dx if y = sec (3x+1)

d d
dy sec (3x+1)× dx [sin x]−sin x× dx [sec (3x+1)]
dx = sec2 (3x+1)

sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x× d sec u du

du × dx
= sec2 (3x+1)

where u = 3x + 1
d
sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x×sec u tan u× dx [3x+1]
= sec2 (3x+1)

sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x×sec (3x+1) tan (3x+1)×3

= sec2 (3x+1)

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples

Example
sin x
Find dy /dx if y = sec (3x+1)

d d
dy sec (3x+1)× dx [sin x]−sin x× dx [sec (3x+1)]
dx = sec2 (3x+1)

sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x× d sec u du

du × dx
= sec2 (3x+1)

where u = 3x + 1
d
sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x×sec u tan u× dx [3x+1]
= sec2 (3x+1)

sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x×sec (3x+1) tan (3x+1)×3

= sec2 (3x+1)

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples

Example
sin x
Find dy /dx if y = sec (3x+1)

d d
dy sec (3x+1)× dx [sin x]−sin x× dx [sec (3x+1)]
dx = sec2 (3x+1)

sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x× d sec u du

du × dx
= sec2 (3x+1)

where u = 3x + 1
d
sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x×sec u tan u× dx [3x+1]
= sec2 (3x+1)

sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x×sec (3x+1) tan (3x+1)×3

= sec2 (3x+1)

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples

Example
sin x
Find dy /dx if y = sec (3x+1)

d d
dy sec (3x+1)× dx [sin x]−sin x× dx [sec (3x+1)]
dx = sec2 (3x+1)

sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x× d sec u du

du × dx
= sec2 (3x+1)

where u = 3x + 1
d
sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x×sec u tan u× dx [3x+1]
= sec2 (3x+1)

sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x×sec (3x+1) tan (3x+1)×3

= sec2 (3x+1)

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples

Example
sin x
Find dy /dx if y = sec (3x+1)

d d
dy sec (3x+1)× dx [sin x]−sin x× dx [sec (3x+1)]
dx = sec2 (3x+1)

sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x× d sec u du

du × dx
= sec2 (3x+1)

where u = 3x + 1
d
sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x×sec u tan u× dx [3x+1]
= sec2 (3x+1)

sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x×sec (3x+1) tan (3x+1)×3

= sec2 (3x+1)

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples

Example
sin x
Find dy /dx if y = sec (3x+1)

d d
dy sec (3x+1)× dx [sin x]−sin x× dx [sec (3x+1)]
dx = sec2 (3x+1)

sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x× d sec u du

du × dx
= sec2 (3x+1)

where u = 3x + 1
d
sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x×sec u tan u× dx [3x+1]
= sec2 (3x+1)

sec (3x+1)×cos x−sin x×sec (3x+1) tan (3x+1)×3

= sec2 (3x+1)

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples

Example
Find all points where f fails to be
differentiable f (x) = |x 2 − 4|

The function f (x) can be rewritten as


2
x − 4,
 x ≤ −2
f (x) = −(x 2 − 4) −2 < x < 2 ,

 2
x − 4, x ≥2

Since, function is differentiable over subintervals, so it is sufficient to

check differentiability at end points of each subintervals, i.e. at
x = −2 and 2 only.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples

Example
Find all points where f fails to be
differentiable f (x) = |x 2 − 4|

The function f (x) can be rewritten as


2
x − 4,
 x ≤ −2
f (x) = −(x 2 − 4) −2 < x < 2 ,

 2
x − 4, x ≥2

Since, function is differentiable over subintervals, so it is sufficient to

check differentiability at end points of each subintervals, i.e. at
x = −2 and 2 only.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples

Example
Find all points where f fails to be
differentiable f (x) = |x 2 − 4|

The function f (x) can be rewritten as


2
x − 4,
 x ≤ −2
f (x) = −(x 2 − 4) −2 < x < 2 ,

 2
x − 4, x ≥2

Since, function is differentiable over subintervals, so it is sufficient to

check differentiability at end points of each subintervals, i.e. at
x = −2 and 2 only.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples
At x = −2, LHD = −4 and RHD = 4
At x = 2, LHD = −4 and RHD = 4
Since at both points LHD 6= RHD, so function is not differentiable at
x = −2, 2, elsewhere it is differentiable.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples
At x = −2, LHD = −4 and RHD = 4
At x = 2, LHD = −4 and RHD = 4
Since at both points LHD 6= RHD, so function is not differentiable at
x = −2, 2, elsewhere it is differentiable.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples
At x = −2, LHD = −4 and RHD = 4
At x = 2, LHD = −4 and RHD = 4
Since at both points LHD 6= RHD, so function is not differentiable at
x = −2, 2, elsewhere it is differentiable.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples
At x = −2, LHD = −4 and RHD = 4
At x = 2, LHD = −4 and RHD = 4
Since at both points LHD 6= RHD, so function is not differentiable at
x = −2, 2, elsewhere it is differentiable.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples
At x = −2, LHD = −4 and RHD = 4
At x = 2, LHD = −4 and RHD = 4
Since at both points LHD 6= RHD, so function is not differentiable at
x = −2, 2, elsewhere it is differentiable.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

Examples
At x = −2, LHD = −4 and RHD = 4
At x = 2, LHD = −4 and RHD = 4
Since at both points LHD 6= RHD, so function is not differentiable at
x = −2, 2, elsewhere it is differentiable.

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus

Derivatives Using Definition Notations Techniques of Differentiation Examples

THANK YOU

Dr Mayank Goel Essential Calculus