Adolescence & Reproduction

Lecture # 7
Advance
Class VIII
BIOLOGY
From fertilisation to birth
 Insemination
 Fertilization
 Implantation
 Development of
placenta
 Birth process
(Parturition)
From fertilisation to birth
Implantation
 After fertilization takes place inside the fallopian tube, the
zygote is moved by muscle contractions and pushed
towards the uterus.
 This process takes about 6 days.
 During this, the zygote undergoes mitosis and divides to
form a solid ball called morula.
 The morula develops into a blastula and attaches to the
endometrium after 6 days.
 This attachment is called implantation and the female is
considered to be pregnant.
From fertilisation to birth
Development of
placenta
 It is structure that
forms link between
the mother and
developing foetus
to ensure that there
is no direct transfer
of mother’s blood to
the foetus.
 The placenta
develops after 12
weeks of
conception
 From fertilisation to birth
 Birth process (Parturition)
 Contraction indicate onset of labour.
 Oxytocin released from posterior lobe of pitutary gland
causes uterine contraction and dilation of cervix

 Gestation period :- It is time period from conception (fertilisation)

to child birth.
Reproductive cycle in humans
 Sexual cycle in human female starts at puberty, this is
called menarche.
 It continues up to the age of 45 to 50 years. After this
menstruation stops and female become inactive with
regard to reproduction. This is called menopause.
 If the fertilization do not occur, thick and spongy
endometrium is not needed any longer. So, lining slowly
breaks and come out through vagina as blood and
mucous called as menstruation.
 The process of preparation of endometrial wall and
menstruation takes place every month and is called
menstrual cycle.
 This cycle is of 28 days
Reproductive cycle in humans
 Menstrual phase :
Day 1 – 5
 Proliferative phase
or follicular phase :
Days 6 – 13.
 Ovulation : Day 14
 Luteal phase : Day
15 – 28