1.

6 Deducing the right team for intervention

Coverage problem

Coverage problem:
If the field reality does not match the RNP prediction
Maintenance team to change physical configuration (tilt,
azimuth, antenna height, etc.) and drive test team to
check it

If the field reality matches the RNP prediction

Deployment team to add sites (tri-sector, micro cellular,
indoor cells)

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 1.6 Deducing the right team for intervention
Others problems

Interference problem:
Planning team to identify the interference source and correct
it (joker frequency, new frequency planning, etc.)

Unbalanced power budget problem:

Maintenance team to check the impacted BTS (Antennae,
TMA, RF cables, LNA, diversity system, etc.)

TCH Congestion problem:

Traffic team (theoretically always in relation with the
marketing team) to manage the need of TRX extension,
densification policy, etc.

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 1. Typical radio problems
Training exercise

!" ! #

$ %&!'(
%&" !
( )% * #+ ,%
( )
%
%&!'(
%&" !
,
! -!
! * #

#+ "# .
%TCH ASS failure high
%call drop high
Time allowed:
%QUAL HO
10 minutes %call drop
%call failure

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 2 ALGORITHMS AND ASSOCIATED
PARAMETERS

1.44
© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1485VH ZZA Ed.02

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 2 ALGORITHMS AND ASSOCIATED PARAMETERS
Session presentation

Objective: to be able to describe the Power control and Hand-

over algorithms and list the associated parameters
Program:
2.1 Theoretical presentation
2.2 Radio measurements principles
2.3 Averaging windows and book-keeping
2.4 Radio Link Supervision and Power control
2.5 Handover Detection
2.6 Handover Candidate Cell Evaluation
2.7 Handover Management
2.8 Exercise

1.45

S1: TYPICAL RADIO PROBLEMS

S2: ALGORITHMS AND ASSOCIATED PARAMETERS
S3: OMC-R RADIO PARAMETERS
S4: ALGORITHMS DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR
S5: CASE STUDIES

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 2 ALGORITHMS AND ASSOCIATED
PARAMETERS

2.1 Theoretical presentation

1.46
© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1485VH ZZA Ed.02

Theoretical presentation
Radio measurements principles
Radio measurements data processing
Radio Link Supervision and Power control
Handover Detection
Handover Candidate Cell Evaluation
Handover Management
Exercise

© Alcatel University - 8AS902001485 VH ZZA Ed.02 Page 1.46

 2.1 Theoretical presentation
Justification

JUSTIFICATION
When the detected problem does not concern another team (Network planning and
frequency planning, Dimensioning, Radio engineering, Maintenance) or
when the other teams cannot give any solution (too tight frequency planning, no
additional TRX available, no financial budget for new sites, etc.)
the Radio Fine Tuning team has to find a compromise between:
High traffic density (Erl/km²/Hz)
High quality of service (Call drop, CSSR, Speech quality, indoor, etc.)

Its role: take charge of radio resources management process

This process can be fully described by Power Control and Handover algorithms.
➨ In-depth knowledge of these algorithms is required for tuning

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 2 ALGORITHMS AND ASSOCIATED
PARAMETERS

2.2 Radio measurements principles

1.48
© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1485VH ZZA Ed.02

Theoretical presentation
Radio measurements principles
Radio measurements data processing
Radio Link Supervision and Power control
Handover Detection
Handover Candidate Cell Evaluation
Handover Management
Exercise

© Alcatel University - 8AS902001485 VH ZZA Ed.02 Page 1.48

 2.2 Radio measurements principles
Radio measurement mechanisms (1/2)

MS connected (TCH or SDCCH)

The serving cell gives the MS the list of the neighbor cells to listen to
Every SACCH, the MS reports to the serving cell: measurement report
message
Received level of 6 best cells (which can change)
DL level and quality of serving cell

1.49

▼ The BTS sends a SYS_INFO_5 message that contains the list of neighbor cells for connected mode. (The
SYS_INFO_2 message contains the list of neighbor cells for idle mode).

Sys info 2bis, 2ter, 5bis and 5ter are also used for multiband networks.
MS reporting depends on EN_INTERBAND_NEIGH and on MULTIBAND_REPORTING parameters.
The MS may report:
6 strongest cells of any band (MULTIBAND_REPORTING=0), or
5 strongest cells of the serving band + 1 strongest cell of another band
(MULTIBAND_REPORTING=1), or
4+2 (MULTIBAND_REPORTING=2), or
3+3 (MULTIBAND_REPORTING=3).

▼ RXLEV
Range: [-110dBm, -47dBm]
Binary range: [0, 63]; 0=-110dBm, 63=-47dBm
The higher the physical or binary value, the higher the receiving level

▼ RXQUAL
Range: [0.14%, 18.10%]
Binary range: [0, 7]; 0=0.14%, 7=18.10%
The lower the physical or binary value, the lower the bit error rate, the better the quality
0-2=excellent; 3=good; 4=ok; 5=bad; 6=very bad; 7=not acceptable

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 2.2 Radio measurements principles
Radio measurement mechanisms (2/2)

For each MS connected to the BTS (TCH or

SDCCH)
UL received level and quality is
measured every SACCH
BSC

The Timing Advance (TA) is DL measurements UL+DL measurements

measurement report measurement result
computed
The UL information is gathered into
the measurement report
This is the message result sent by
the BTS to the BSC PC execution

Active channel HO & PC

Measurements
preprocessing decision

Candidate cell
HO execution
evaluation
• The BSC is computing algorithms
• usually using average value (sliding window) of these measurements

1.50

▼ The BTS starts sending MEASUREMENT RESULT messages as soon as it receives the RL ESTABLISH INDICATION
message from the MS.
▼ The BTS stops sending MEASUREMENT RESULT messages upon receipt of one of the two following messages:
DEACTIVATE SACCH
RF CHANNEL RELEASE

▼ Every SACCH multiframe, the BTS:

receives the MEASUREMENT REPORT message from the MS. For power control and handover algorithms,
this message contains downlink measurements and, in the layer 1 header, the power used by the MS.
does uplink measurements.
reports the uplink and downlink measurements to the BSC in the MEASUREMENT RESULT message.
Input flows
Uplink radio signal: radio signal received on the Air interface.
BS_TXPWR_CONF: BS transmit power currently used by the BS.
DTX_DL: indicator of downlink DTX use.
Output flows
Abis MEASUREMENT RESULT message
Internal flows
Radio measurements:
Air MEASUREMENT REPORT message (DL) containing DL MS radio measurements.
Uplink radio measurements (quality and level) and a flag indicating whether DTX was used in the
downlink (DTX/DL).
Timing advance: last TA calculated by the BTS.
MS_TXPWR_CONF: last reported value of MS power (reported by the MS).
BS_TXPWR_CONF: value of the BS transmit power currently in use.
BFI_SACCH: bad frame indicator of the SACCH block produced every SACCH multiframe (# 480ms):
0 = SACCH frame successfully decoded
1 = SACCH frame not successfully decoded

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