4.

2 Examples and Exercises

Example 3: Traffic Load Sharing (3/12)

The Pros and cons of Fast Traffic HO

Efficiency depends on
traffic location in the loaded cell
capacity of neighbor cells
➘ increase of the number of HO/call
➘ increase of incoming HOs fail rate (risk of ping-pong
effect)
in case of internal HO: use PING_PONG_HCP with T_HCP
or/and enable HO CAUSE 23
➘ heavy to tune (has to be done for each couple of cells)
➚ Adapted to instantaneous traffic modification
➚ can be used to send traffic towards a cell external to
the serving BSC
➚ adapted to hierarchical network, but also to standard
ones
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 4.2 Examples and Exercises
Example 3: Traffic Load Sharing (4/12)

DELTA_HO_MARGIN (0,n)
CHANGE DYNAMICALLY TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION WITH HO:
Traffic HO Cause 23
Ease outgoing better condition HO on a traffic point of
view
Slow down outgoing better cell HO (to be tuned for a given
couple of cells)
When the better cell in radio condition is the worst cell
in traffic terms
Optimization method (repetitive process)
Tune DELTA_DEC_HO_MARGIN and
DELTA_INC_HO_MARGIN
Apply new values, check traffic, QoS indicators and
possibly speech quality
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 4.2 Examples and Exercises
Example 3: Traffic Load Sharing (5/12)

The Pros and cons of DELTA_HO_MARGIN (0,n) method

Efficiency depends on
traffic location in the loaded cell
cells overlap
capacity of neighbor cells
➘ increase the number of HO/call
➘ cannot be used to send traffic toward a cell external to
the serving BSC
➘ the call has to be first established on a loaded cell,
before being “exported”
it can be rejected
➚ Easy to tune (dynamic process)
➚ Adaptability to instantaneous and long term traffic
modifications

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 4.2 Examples and Exercises
Example 3: Traffic Load Sharing (6/12)

HO_MARGIN / LINK_FACTOR
CHANGE STATICALLY TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION WITH HO:
Ease outgoing better cell HO (to be tuned for a given couple
of cells)
Decrease HO_MARGIN (can make a cell “candidate”)
Increase LINK_FACTOR (used to rank candidate cells)
Optimization method (repetitive process)
Look for neighbor cells able to carry extra traffic
Use Abis trace to check if these cells are candidate
if yes, use LINK_FACTOR to favor them
if not, use HO_MARGIN and LINK_FACTOR
Apply new values, check traffic, QoS indicators and
possibly speech quality

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 4.2 Examples and Exercises
Example 3: Traffic Load Sharing (7/12)

The Pros and cons of LINK_FACTOR/HO_MARGIN

can be efficient (up to 20% increase of capacity) in
some cases
cell overlap
capacity of neighbor cells
➘ increase the number of HO/call
➘ the call has to be first established on a loaded cell,
before being “exported”
➘ it can be rejected
➘ heavy to tune (has to be done for each couple of cells)
➘ no adaptability to instantaneous and long term traffic
modifications
➚ can be used to send traffic toward a cell external to the
serving BSC

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 4.2 Examples and Exercises
Example 3: Traffic Load Sharing (8/12)

FREE_FACTOR/LOAD_FACTOR
Taking into account the current load of cells, send the MS toward the less
loaded cell with HO
Ease outgoing better cell HO, according to
Load_Factor (% of TCH occupancy) of serving and “target” cells
Free_Factor (number of free TCHs) of serving and target cells
(order only)
cannot make a “candidate” cell, only change ranking
Tuning method (repetitive)
to be activated locally for each cell with default parameter setting
look for QoS indicators (esp. traffic intensity and blocking rate)
tune tables accordingly

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 4.2 Examples and Exercises
Example 3: Traffic Load Sharing (9/12)

The Pros and cons of load/free factors method

➘ Lower efficiency compared to
LINK_FACTOR/HO_MARGIN
➚ No increase of HO/call rate
➘ Calls have to be established on a loaded cell before
being “exported”
➘ Tuning is performed on a cell-per-cell basis
➘ Cannot be used to send traffic toward an external cell
➚ Adapted to dynamic change of traffic and capacity (for
Load_Factor)

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 4.2 Examples and Exercises
Example 3: Traffic Load Sharing (10/12)

Forced directed retry method

Mechanisms
the MS is connected on an SDCCH of cell1
it must switch on TCH
no TCH is free on cell1
there is at least 1 neighbor cell which has
sufficient DL level seen by the MS
enough free TCHs
the MS is handed over to TCH towards this cell
if there are several cells, the one with the best PBGT is
selected

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 4.2 Examples and Exercises
Example 3: Traffic Load Sharing (11/12)

method: trade-off between traffic and radio quality

mainly L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) parameter to tune
the lower, the better the traffic sharing
the lower, the higher the interference risks
QoS indicators and field tests (speech quality) are
necessary for tuning

cell 1 : 24

cell 2 : 45 cell 3 : 23

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▼ Forced directed retry

The following condition is checked every measurement reporting period and if at least one input pre-processed
parameter AV_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) is available.
CAUSE = 20 (high level in neighbor cell for forced directed retry)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) > L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) (n = 1 ... BTSnum)
and EN_FORCED_DR = ENABLE
The threshold L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) is the observed level from the neighbor cell n at the border of the area
where forced directed retry is enabled. This threshold fixes the size of the overlapping area where forced
directed retry can be performed. It should be greater than RXLEVmin(n).

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 4.2 Examples and Exercises
Example 3: Traffic Load Sharing (12/12)

The Pros and cons of Forced directed retry

➚ highest efficiency (up to 30%)

➚ no increase of HO/call rate

➚ can be used to send traffic toward an external cell

➚ adapted to dynamic change of traffic

➚ adapted to hierarchical networks, but also to standard

ones

➘ tuning is performed on a cell-per-cell basis

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