‫مقرر شبكة مقسمات الهواتف و‬

‫الفويب‬
‫قسم االتصاالت والشبكات‪/‬الفصل‬
‫الدراسي ربيع ‪2015‬‬
‫‪Lab01. Connecting computers and analog phones‬‬
‫‪to a VOIP network.‬‬

‫أ‪.‬علي مصطفى الشاوش‬

‫صفحة ‪ 1‬من ‪8‬‬

Overview
VoIP is Voice over IP. Anything that allows you to communicate, to transmit your voice over the IP, or the
Internet, is VoIP.

There are distinct vendors of VoIP, however, on this tutorial, we will focus on Cisco, and we will focus on
the following product: Cisco Unified Call Manager Express (commonly known as CUCME)

There are Routers called ISR: Integrated Service Routers, which come with certain services and features
inside it.

CUCME is one example of these features and services that are build-in the router (or are router-based).

There is a technology called PoE: Power Over Ethernet, which allows equipment to send data and power at
the same time to certain devices that are PoE compatible.

So, knowing these few things, let’s get to work. the following topology:

 Pay attention that on Packet Tracer the PoE technology isn’t implemented yet.  not in all switches
This is why, to power on the IP Phones we will connect a power adapter to it.

As the Switch is not PoE.

See how to connect the power adapter to the IP Phone on the picture below:

8 ‫ من‬2 ‫صفحة‬
Task1: Configure interface F0/0 and DHCP server on RouterA(2811)

Assigning an IP address to the Interface f0/0

So the first thing to be done is to configure the IP address of the router:

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Assigning an IP address to the Sub Interface f0/0.10

Router(config)#int f0/0.10
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 10
Router(config-subif)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-subif)#no shut
Router(config-subif)#exit

Configure the DHCP Server

A DHCP server is used to assign IP addresses to the IP Phones.

A TFTP server is used to allow the phones to get the firmware and certain configurations files from the
router this is done by the option 150 of the DHCP.

Router(config)#ipdhcp excluded-address 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.9

Router(config)#ipdhcp pool voice
Router(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
Router(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.10.1
Router(dhcp-config)#option 150 ip 192.168.10.1
Router(dhcp-config)#exit

CLI description:

1. Giving a name to the DHCP pool, in this case, this pool is for the phones only.
2. The network that is covered by the DHCP.
3. The default router for this IP distribution.
4. Configuration of the TFTP.

Note: DHCP Option 150

The Cisco IP Phone uses DHCP option 150 to identify the location of the device that contains the IP
Phone’s configuration file. The Cisco IP Phone receives its configuration file from a TFTP server. DHCP
(specifically, the 150 option) can be used to let the IP Phone know the IP address of the device that contains
the phone configuration file. This IP address is a TFTP server, and it can be located on the router providing
CME.

8 ‫ من‬3 ‫صفحة‬
In the DHCP pool configuration process on the router, this option 150 parameter must be configured, or the
Cisco IP Phone will not function.

Task02: Configure the Call Manager Express (CME)

telephony service on Router
Next step to do is to configure the Call Manager Express itself on the router,

Router(config)#telephony-service
Router(config-telephony)#max-dn 5
Router(config-telephony)#max-ephones 5
Router(config-telephony)#ip source-address 192.168.1.1 port 2000
Router(config-telephony)#auto assign 1 to 5
Router(config-telephony)#exit

CLI descrition:

1. Enters to the telephony services.

2. max number of phone lines.
3. max number of telephones.
4. The IP of the router where the telephones will be registered and the source address where is running the
DHCP and TFTP services, which will be the router itself. And the port used for the phones, the default one
is 2000 (for SCCP phones).
5. is to automatically register the phones, on this case is from phone 1 to 5.

Note: Skinny Client Control Protocol (SCCP)

The phones use the Skinny Client Control Protocol (SCCP) to communicate with CallManager. CCP is
commonly called Skinny or the Skinny protocol.Enter the ip source-address command from telephony-
service configuration mode to define the address and port number where the Cisco CME router is listening
for registrations (Skinny messages). This address should correspond to a valid CME router IP address.Next
step is to configure the Switch, on this case, there is not too much to do, just configure a VLAN for voice
traffic. We must add this VLAN to separate the data traffic from the Voice traffic. Data will be sent to the
computers and voice traffic will be sent to the IP Phones.

As we configured 5 max IP Phones, so we will configure 5 interfaces of the switch to the Voice VLAN.

AUTO assign Command

The auto assign command is used to partially automate the IP Phone configuration process. This command
specifies a range of ephone-dn numbers to assign newly discovered IP Phones. This method is used when
several phones must be installed and each phone has a unique extension number.

A phone type can be specified so that all 7940 IP Phone models receive an extension in a particular range
and all 7960models receive an extension in a different range of numbers. For the purposes of this lab, the
basic concept of automatic number assignment is all that is being demonstrated.

8 ‫ من‬4 ‫صفحة‬
Task03: Configure a voice on Switch
 P.S.: The first interface of the switch on my scenario is connected to my router, so we will
exclude it on this VLAN configuration.

Switch>enSwitch#config t
Switch(config)#vlan 10
Switch(config-vlan)#name voice
Switch(config-vlan)#exit
Switch(config)#int vlan 1
Switch(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#no shut
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.1
Switch(config)#int f0/10
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk native vlan 1
Switch(config-if)#no shut
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#int range f0/1-5
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport voice vlan 10
Switch(config-if-range)#no shut
Switch(config-if-range)#exit
Switch(config)#

Despite being on the same VLAN  (data and voice), virtually the traffic will be separated.

Task04: Configure the phone directory for IP phone

Now is time to give numbers to the lines that will be used on the IP Phones:
P.S: We have configured 5 max IP Phones, so we will configure 5 max numbers for the lines.

Router(config)#ephone-dn 1
Router(config-ephone-dn)#number 101
Router(config)#ephone-dn 2
Router(config-ephone-dn)#number 102
Router(config)#ephone-dn 3
Router(config-ephone-dn)#number 103
Router(config)#ephone-dn 4
Router(config-ephone-dn)#number 104
Router(config)#ephone-dn 5
Router(config-ephone-dn)#number 105
Router(config)#ephone 1

8 ‫ من‬5 ‫صفحة‬
Router(config-ephone)#button 1:1
Router(config-ephone)#exit
Router(config)#ephone 2
Router(config-ephone)#type 7960
Router(config-ephone)#button 1:2
Router(config-ephone)#exit
Router(config)#ephone 3
Router(config-ephone)#type 7960
Router(config-ephone)#button 1:3
Router(config-ephone)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#

ephone-dn
When dealing with CME, an IP Phone is configured using the ephoneoption. The term ephoneis short for
Ethernet phone. The telephone line associated with the ephone is known as an ephone-dn, which stands for
Ethernet phone directory number. The ephone-dn represents a line that connects a voice channel to a phone
so that calls can be made. When you enable the VoIP telephony service, ephones and ephone-dns can be
created and seen in the running configuration output.
An ephone-dn has one or more extensions or phone numbers associated with it that allow calls to be made.
An ephone-dn is similar to a phone line. Each ephone has a number to identify it during the configuration
process.

The ephone-dncommand creates one virtual voice port and one or more dial peers. The number of
ephone-dns that are created corresponds to the number of simultaneous calls that can be made, because each
ephone-dn represents one virtual voice port in the router. This means that if you want more than one call to
the same number to be answered simultaneously, multiple ephone-dns (virtual voice ports) are needed.

There are two types of ephone-dns:

 Single-line—The single-line option should be used when phone buttons have a one-to-one
correspondence to the regular phone lines that come into a CME system. The dual-line option lets
you make two call connections at the same time using one phone line button.
 Dual-line—Dual-line IP Phones have one voice port with two channels to handle two independent
calls. This capability enables call waiting, call transfer, and conference functions on a phone-line
button.
In dual-line mode, each IP Phone and its associated line button can support one or two calls. You select one
of two calls on the same line using the Navigation button located below the phone display.

Task05: Verify the configuration

Its almost there, the only confirmation we need is that the IP Phones were successfully registered on the
CUCME (This process can take a while).
However the mouse on the IP Phone to see if it successfully received the IP address and the phone number
(If not, wait a little bit more. P.S.: This process can take a while).

8 ‫ من‬6 ‫صفحة‬
Once you have the confirmation, you can add the remaining 4 IP Phones on the switch, remembering that
these IP Phones must be added on the same interfaces were have configured the Voice VLAN. :)

Make a call to test the configurations

1. Look at the pictures below:

8 ‫ من‬7 ‫صفحة‬
2. Dial from one phone to another, on this case we will dial from IP Phone number 10 to IP Phone number
20 (to dial, just mark the number and click on the earphone)

8 ‫ من‬8 ‫صفحة‬