Misurata University

Faculty of Information Technology

Department of Telecommunications and Networks

Electrical and Electronic Circuits

6th
Afif S.Abugharsa
 Methods of Analysis (dc)
• Methods of analysis have been developed that allow us to approach, in a
systematic manner, a network with any number of sources in any
arrangement.
• The methods to be discussed in detail in this chapter include mesh
analysis, and nodal analysis.
 MESH ANALYSIS (GENERAL APPROACH)

• The systematic approach outlined below should

be followed when applying this method:
1. Assign a distinct current in the clockwise
direction to each independent, closed loop of
the network.
2. Indicate the polarities within each loop for
each resistor as determined by the assumed
direction of loop current for that loop.
3. Apply Kirchhoff’s voltage law around each
closed loop in the clockwise direction.
4. Solve the resulting simultaneous linear
equations for the assumed loop currents.
 Solving Systems of Equations Using Determinants

The method of solution of linear equations by determinants is called the

Cramer’s Rule. A system of two linear equations in two unknowns may be
solved using a second order det. Given the system of equations
a1x + b1y = c1
a2x + b2y = c2
These values for x and y may be written in terms of second order dets, as
follows:
EXAMPLE:
• Step 1: Two loop currents (I1 and I2) are assigned in the
clockwise direction in the windows of the network.
• Step 2: Polarities are drawn within each window to
agree with assumed current directions.
• Step 3: Kirchhoff’s voltage law is applied around each
loop in the clockwise direction.
EXAMPLE Find the current through each branch of the network below:

Solution:
EXAMPLE Find the branch currents of the network below.
Solution:
 NODAL ANALYSIS

The nodal analysis method is applied as follows:

1. Determine the number of nodes within the network.
2. Pick a reference node, and label each remaining node with a subscripted
value of voltage: V1, V2, and so on, Assume that all unknown currents
leave the node for each application of Kirchhoff’s current law.
3. Apply Kirchhoff’s current law at each node except the reference.
4. Solve the resulting equations for the nodal voltages.
EXAMPLE Apply nodal analysis to the network
below.
Solution:
Steps 1 and 2: The network has two nodes, The
lower node is defined as the reference node at
ground potential (zero volts), and the other node as
V1.
EXAMPLE Apply nodal analysis to the network of Fig. 8.43.
Solution :
EXAMPLE Determine the nodal voltages for the network as following: