DC Circuits

By Dr. Priyajit Mukherjee

Lecture 5: Supernode, Supermesh, Node Vs Mesh Analysis
What We Will Learn ??
• Concept of Supernode in Nodal Analysis
• Concept of Supermesh in Mesh Analysis
• Comparison of Nodal Vs Mesh Analysis
• Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis
 Problem (1) - Supernode
Determine Node Voltages of the following circuit using Nodal Analysis
 Problem (1) - Supernode
Determine Node Voltages of the following circuit using Nodal Analysis
 Problem (1) - Supernode
Determine Node Voltages of the following circuit using Nodal Analysis
 Problem (1) - Supernode
Determine Node Voltages of the following circuit using Nodal Analysis
Summary of Supernode Analysis Procedure
• Count the Number of Nodes (N)
• Designate a Reference Node
• Label the Non-reference Node Voltages (N-1)
• If the Circuit Contains Voltage Sources, form Suernodes around each one
• Write a KCL equation for each of the Non-reference Node and for each
Supernode that does not contain reference node
• Represent the Voltage across each Voltage Source with nodal Voltages
• Express any additional unknowns such as current or voltages other than
Node Voltages in terms of appropriate Node Voltages.
• Organize the KCL Equations
• Solve the System of Equations (N-1) for the Node Voltages (N-1)
 Problem (2) - Supernode
Determine Node Voltages of the following circuit using Nodal Analysis
 Problem (2) - Supernode
Determine Node Voltages of the following circuit using Nodal Analysis
 Problem (3) - Supermesh
Determine Branch Currents of the following circuit using Mesh Analysis
 Problem (3) - Supermesh
Determine Branch Currents of the following circuit using Mesh Analysis
 Problem (3) - Supermesh
Determine Branch Currents of the following circuit using Mesh Analysis
Summary of Supermesh Analysis Procedure
• Determine if the circuit is a planar circuit
• Count the number of Meshes (M)
• Label each of the M Mesh currents
• If the circuit contains current sources shared by two meshes, form a super
mesh to enclose both meshes.
• Write a KVL equation around each Mesh/Supermesh
• Represent the current flowing through each current source with the mesh
currents
• Express any additional unknowns such as current or voltages other than
Mesh Currents in terms of appropriate Mesh Currents.
• Organize the equations
• Solve the system of equations (M) for the Mesh Currents (M).
Nodal Vs Mesh Analysis
• For Non-planar Networks we have only one option: Nodal Analysis
• Compare the Node Count with Mesh Count: (N-1)* Vs (M)#
[*: Each supernode reduces the node count by one, similarly #: each supermesh reduces
the mesh count by one]
• Depends on the type of dependent sources present in the circuit.
• Location of the Sources.
• Voltage source connected to the ref node
• Current source connected at the periphery of a mesh
• When both method results same number of equation depends on the
required output.
Problem (4) Nodal Vs Mesh Analysis
Find ix in the following circuit
Problem (4) Nodal Vs Mesh Analysis
With Nodal Analysis
Problem (4) Nodal Vs Mesh Analysis
With Mesh Analysis
Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis
As complexity of the circuit increases –
• Chances of Making Error increases
• Verifying the solutions requires huge time a effort
• Becomes impossible to analyse after we go beyond a certain complexity
• SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis)
developed at University of California at Berkeley in 1970
• Based on that we have different circuit analysis tools developed by
different companies. (eg. PSpice, T-Spice, HSPICE etc.)
• Overreliance on software tools can inhibit development.
Node-based PSpice Schematic Creation
Node-based PSpice Schematic Creation
Node-based PSpice Schematic Creation