ENGINEERING

MECHANICS
Force
Action of one body on the
other (push orPoint
pull)of Application

Direction

Magnitude
 What is the need of knowing
MECHANICS?

Mechanics Deals with forces

 Mechanics

Mechanics of Rigid Mechanics of Mechanics of

Bodies Deformable Bodies Fluids

kinematics

Statics Dynamics
kinetics
 Rigid body mechanics

Studying External effect of

forces on a body such as
velocity, acceleration,
displacement etc.

Studying Internal effect of

forces on a body such as
stresses (internal resistance),
change in shape etc.

Deformable body mechanics

 Statics Dynamics
❖ Deals with forces and its effects ❖ Deals with forces and its effects when
when the body is at rest the body is in moving condition

Truss Bridge IC Engine

System of Forces: Several forces acting simultaneously upon a body

System of
Forces

Coplanar Non-
coplanar
2D
3D

Concurrent Non- Non-

Concurrent
concurrent concurrent

Parallel General Parallel General

 Components of a Force

Plane Force

Space Force
Coplanar System of Forces 2D

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 Two equal and opposite forces are
Couple
acting at some distance forming a
couple
Newton’s Law of Motion
Newton's three laws of motion may be stated as follows:

■ First Law: Every object in a state of uniform motion will remain in that
state of motion unless an external force acts on it.
■ Second Law: The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is
directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction
as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
Force equals mass times acceleration
■ Third Law: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Newton's law of universal gravitation
■ Every point mass attracts every single other point mass by a force
acting along the line intersecting both points. The force is proportional
to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between them:

■ where:
■ F is the force between the masses;
■ G is the gravitational constant (6.674×10−11 N · (m/kg)2);
■ m1 is the first mass;
■ m2 is the second mass;
■ r is the distance between the centers of the masses.
Principle of Transmissibility
Parallelogram Law
Resolution and Component of forces
■ The process of replacing a single force F acting on a particle by
two or more forces with together have the same effect as that of
a single force is called resolution of the force into component.
If five forces act on a particle as shown
in the figure determine the resultant
force.
Equilibrium of particle
■ A body is said to be in equilibrium when the
resultant of the force system acting on it is zero. If a
body is in equilibrium, it will continue to remain in a
state of rest or on uniform motion.
 Example:
■ Three forces act on a particle ‘O’ as shown in the figure. Determine the
value of F such that the resultant of these three forces is horizontal.
Find the magnitude and direction of the fourth force which when acting
along with the given three forces will keep O in equilibrium.
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Free body diagram (FBD)
■ Free body Diagram
■ A diagram of a body (or a part of it) which shows all the forces and couples
applied on it, and which has all the forces and couples labeled for use in the
solution of the problem is called a free-body diagram. Follow these steps to
draw a free-body diagram.
1. Select the body (or part of a body) that you want to analyze, and draw it.
2. Identify all the forces and couples that are applied onto the body and draw
them on the body. Place each force and couple at the point that it is applied.
3. Label all the forces and couples with unique labels for use during the solution
process.
4. Add any relevant dimensions onto your picture.
Beam
■ A member which bends when subjected to load applied
transverse to the long dimensions (axis of the member) is
known as beam. Eg. In structures and machines.
■ Simple supported beam: beam supported by hinge or roller
on the smooth surface at the ends having one span
■ Overhanging beam: Both ends project beyond the support.
■ Continuous beam: More than two supports.
■ Cantilever beam: One end is built into a wall or other
support so that it cannot rotate or move transversely.
Types of loads
■ The different types of loads are given below:
Find the reaction at A & B