PERIODICITY

Classification of elements in s, p and d blocks

• Elements are classified as s, p or d block, according to which orbitals the highest energy electrons are in.

s
block p
block
d
block

1) In which block are the following elements classified?

Element C Mg He Rb Mo Te Fe Cr P H Cl

Block

2) a) Give the electron configuration of silicon. $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$.

b) In which block is silicon classified? $$$$$$$...$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$.

c) Why is silicon classified in this block? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$...

3) a) Give the electron configuration of vanadium. $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$.$$$$$$$$$$$$.

b) In which block is vanadium classified? $$$

$$$$$.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$.
$$.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$.

c) Why is vanadium classified in this block? $$$$$$.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$...

Trends across Period 3

Periodicity = pattern in properties across a row which is repeated in each row

a) Atomic radius 0.16

0.14
atomic radius (nm)

0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

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 1st ionisation energy (kJ/mol)
b) 1st ionisation energy 1600
1400
Enthalpy change to remove one electron from each atom in a 1200
mole of gaseous atoms.
1000
General trend: 800
600
400
200
0
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Group 2→3 dip:

Group 5→6 dip:

c) Electronegativity 3
2.5
Power of an atom to attract the two electrons in a covalent electronegativity
bond. 2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Melting and boiling

d) Melting and boiling point 3500

points (K)

3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

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