Appendix D

PROOF OF EQUATION FOR

DETERMINING PERMEATION AREA
IN A CONTINUOUS PROCESS

Expanding the membrane residue curve equation (Equation (5.13)) according

to the chain rule, we find
dxi dA
¼ xi yi ðxÞ ðD:1Þ
dA dA0

The area required for a specific separation with constant permeate removal
rate is given by
F 0
A ¼ ð1eA Þ ðD:2Þ
P

Differentiating Equation (D.2) yields

dA F A0
¼ e ðD:3Þ
dA0 P

Substituting Equation (D.3) into Equation (D.1) and integrating, we have

xið
ðAÞ
F A0 1
dA ¼ e  dxi ðD:4Þ
P xi yi ðxÞ
xi ð0Þ

Membrane Process Design Using Residue Curve Maps, First Edition.

Mark Peters, David Glasser, Diane Hildebrandt, and Shehzaad Kauchali.
Ó 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
207
208 APPENDIX D PROOF OF EQUATION FOR DETERMINING PERMEATION AREA

The total permeate flow rate can be related to the flux of component i by the
following equation:

P  yi ðxÞ
Ji ¼ ðD:5Þ
A

which can be rearranged as follows:

yi ðxÞ
P¼ ðD:6Þ
A  Ji

The flux across a Knudsen membrane with vacuum pressure on the permeate
side is given by

P0i  pR
Ji ¼ xi ðD:7Þ
d

Thus, the total permeate flow rate is given by

d  yi ðxÞ
P¼ ðD:8Þ
A  P0i  pR  xi

Substituting Equation (D.5) into Equation (D.4) and rearranging, we find

ðA ðAÞ
xið 0
d yi ðxÞ  eA 1
A dA ¼ F  0   dxi ðD:9Þ
Pi  pR xi xi yi ðxÞ
A¼0 xi ð0Þ

Thus,

xið
ðAÞ 0
A2 d yi ðxÞ  eA 1
¼ F 0   dxi ðD:10Þ
2 Pi  pR xi xi yi ðxÞ
xi ð0Þ